Isikole samabanga aphansi yisikhathi esikhethekile ekuphileni, kokubili ingane kanye nabazali. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungase kube nezinkinga ezinkulu kubantwana abancane esikoleni. Lapha naphakathi, kunezinhlaka zokukhuluma ngezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi nemithwalo ephezulu, ubudlelwano nabothisha nabangane. Kukhona abazali abathi, ngegama elithi "isikole", inhliziyo iyazama futhi ukukhathazeka kungena emphefumulweni. Laba bangabantwana besikole esincane, ikakhulukazi labo abasenayo izici zomzimba nezinkinga. Noma bangavela ngesikhathi sokuqeqesha. Ngingathanda ukweluleka abazali ukuba bazidonsa ndawonye, bezolile futhi basekele ingane yabo.
Ingane isokunxele.
Kuze kube neminyaka emibili, zonke izingane, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izandla zombili ngokulinganayo. Isandla sesobunxele noma sokunene sithandwa ekudala. Ngokuvamile abafana abahamba ngezandla (cishe, okweshumi). Ezikhathini zamaSoviet, lezi zikole esikoleni kumele zivuselelwe. Kodwa akuzange kuholele kunoma yini enhle. I psyche yengane yahlukunyezwa, kwakukhona ukubambezeleka emakhono okufunda, ukubhala, ukudweba, ukuthungatha kungavela. Manje isimo sengqondo esibhekene nabantu abashiya sishintshile. Ukuzikhethela kwesokunxele akusilo i-whim yengane, kodwa izici zomsebenzi wobuchopho bakhe. Izingane ezinjalo zibuthakathaka kakhulu, zingavamile, zivame ukudala izici futhi zithokozise kakhulu izwe elibazungezile. Phakathi kwalabo abadumile kukhona namaphesenti amaningi. Isibonelo, iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth Elizabeth, abadwebi abadwebi nabadwebi abahle (Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci), abaculi abadumile.
Uma ungena esikoleni, kubalulekile ukuxwayisa uthisha ngalokhu okuyingqayizivele yengane yakho, okumele ihlolwe lapho uhlala izingane edeskini. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze bangaphazamisani lapho bebhala. Ngisho noma ingane yakho ikhetha ukwenza ngesandla sayo sobunxele, kufanele ihlakulele okulungile. Ungabhala, uhlanganise, ufunde ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo. Ngelinye igama, ukwenza izinhlobo ezinjalo zomsebenzi, lapho kusebenza khona isenzo esihlelekile sezandla zombili.
Ingane inokukhubazeka okubukwayo.
Isikhathi sokungena esikoleni sihambisana nesikhathi sokungazinzi ukusebenza kwezitho zombono. Ukuqala kokuqeqeshwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda okukhulu komthwalo emehlweni. Cishe amaphesenti amahlanu ezingane anezinkinga zombono ngaphambi kokuba angene esikoleni futhi agqoke izibuko. Abaningi basengozini yokuthuthukisa i-myopia. Abazali akufanele bakhathazeke. Othisha kufanele, kanye nesisebenzi sezokwelapha esikoleni, bakhethe uhlelo oluhle lokuhlala, ngokucabangela izinga lokukhubazeka okubukwayo nokukhula kwengane.
Ingane igula ngesifo sikashukela.
Isikole sinemibono emisha, imithwalo yengqondo yengokwenyuka nokwenyuka ngokomzimba. Ngokuphathwa kahle nokudla, izingane zesikole zigcina ukusebenza kahle. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukugwema umthwalo omkhulu womzimba noma we-neuropsychic. Kuye ngesimo somntanakho, udokotela angabela amakilasi emfundo engokwenyama kuye eqenjini lokulungiselela. Ukuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo nokubamba iqhaza emincintiswaneni kuvunyelwe. Ingane egulayo kufanele ihlale nayo "uhlobo lwepasipoti" yesifo sikashukela, lapho isibongo sakhe, igama, ikheli, ukuxilongwa, umthamo kanye nesikhathi sokuphatha i-insulin kuboniswa. Uma ingane igula futhi ilahlekelwa ukwazi, idokhumenti elinjalo izomsiza ukuba athole usizo olufanele ngesikhathi esifanele. Ungalawula ingane yakho isongo esikhethekile noma ithokheni yokubhala igama lakhe, igama, ikheli kanye nokuxilongwa.
Ingane ihamba kancane.
Abazali abaningi bakhathazekile ngokuthi lokhu kuzomenza ahluleke. Cishe isigamu sezingane ngesizathu esithile asihambisani nesilinganiso abantu abadala abadinga kubo. Futhi zonke izingane eziyishumi ngokusobala zihamba kancane kunezinye. Kukhona izizathu eziningi zalokhu. Lesi yisifo, nokungahlanjululwa komsebenzi wesimiso sezinzwa, kanye nezici zobumnene, nokuphendula okuvikelayo. Akulungile ukucabangela ukuziphatha okunjalo kwengane njengenkani, ukungalaleli. Phela, uma enesikhathi esanele, wenza lo msebenzi. Izingane ezinjalo azikwazi ukugijimela, lokhu kuzozivimbela. Ukunzima kwengane evilaphayo, yebo, kuyokwenza. Kuzoba nzima ngaye ukwenza izabelo ezifundweni, uma kunemingcele yesikhathi. Ingane enjalo iyashintsha futhi, futhi. Kodwa izingane ezinesisindo zinezinzuzo zazo: zenza imisebenzi ngokucophelela, ngenkuthalo nangokucabangela.
Sebenza nezingane ezincane esikoleni, futhi ekugcineni konke kuzoba khona. Ezinganeni ezinezinhlelo eziningi zokuvimbela, amakhono atholakala ngokulibaziseka cishe inyanga eyodwa. Kodwa ziqinile futhi zingapheli ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi.
Ingane iyasebenza kakhulu.
Izingane ezincane, ikakhulukazi zokuqala, zingagcina zingakapheli imizuzu engu-15-20. Bese baqala ukuhlola, ukwenza umsindo, ukudlala. Ukukhathazeka ngezimoto kuyindlela evamile yokuzivikela yomzimba wengane, engamvumeli ukuba azenzele ukukhathala. Ngokuvamile, ukukhathala kwengane encane esikoleni kungashiwo ukuthi kunobunzima bokubhala ngesandla, ukwandisa inani lamaphutha, "amaphutha okuphukuphuku", ukunciphisa ijubane lokukhuluma. Futhi ukungabi nalutho, ukungabi nalutho, ukuzithemba, ukudabuka, ukucasula.
Ngokuvamile esikoleni sokuqala esikoleni sangaphambi kwesesikoleni futhi esincane, ukukhathazeka okuningi kwenza i-syndrome yenze umsebenzi wezithuthuthu. Izingane ezinezibonakaliso zayo zihamba ngokuhamba phambili, zingenasiphelo, zingacabangeli futhi zihlambalaza. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubafana, omama babo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa baye bahlupheka noma yiziphi izifo. Njengomthetho, lapho uneminyaka engu-12 "isiphepho sesiphepho" esincike phansi, futhi ingane iba nokulinganisela. Izingane ezinama-predominance of processes of excitation zivame ukuqeda ontanga yabo ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yezinkulumo kanye nasezenzo ngezinto.
Indlela yokusiza ingane "yomama" ivumelane nesikole.
Izingane eziningi ziya esikoleni okokuqala ngentshisekelo nokuzimisela ukwenza izabelo zokufundisa. Bajabula ngokubona izwi lathisha futhi bafeze izidingo zakhe. Kodwa esikhathini esizayo, izingane zesikole ezincane zibhekana nobunzima. Babhekene nokukhetha phakathi kokuthi "ukufuna" nokuthi "kufanele", "okuthakazelisayo" futhi "okungajabulisi", "abakwaziyo" futhi "abangafuni." Ukuphila komfundi wokuqala wonyaka kwenza izidingo ezinkulu ngentando yengane. Kudingekile ukuba uvuke ngesikhathi, ube nesikhathi esikoleni ngaphambi kokushaya ucingo, ukufeza imithetho eminingi, ukwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha komuntu. Amakhono okuzithiba okusiza ingane ukuba ivumelane ngokushesha futhi kalula esikoleni.
Isikhathi sokuguquguquka singahlala njalo ngenyanga, ngakho-ke abazali kuzodingeka babe nokubekezela. Siza ingane yakho, ukusekela, ukucindezela, insimbi. Khumbula ingane yakho yesikole, utshele indodana yakho noma indodakazi yakho ngezikhathi zakhe ezimnandi. Into eyinhloko ukuvumela ingane ukwazi ukuthi uma kunzima kuye, uzoyiqonda futhi imsize. Yethembisa ukuthi kuzo zonke izinkinga uzobhekana nazo.
Wonke umntwana ulindele ukudunyiswa kwabazali, ngisho nasezintweni ezincane. Yabelana ngenjabulo yakhe naye. Izandla zibeka indawo evelele kunazo zonke, izincwadi zokubhala ezinamamaki amahle zibonisa izihlobo nabangane. Vumela umntwana azi ukuthi uyaziqhenya ngaye, ukuthi impumelelo yesikole yakhe ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzobona ukuthi konke kubuya ekujwayelekile. Isikole sibangela imizwelo emincane engaphansi, kunentshisekelo, bese isifiso sokufunda.
Kuyinto efiselekayo, ngokuvumelanisa ngokubambisana nomfundisi, ukudala isimo lapho umntwana angabonisa khona lokho akwaziyo. Ukwamukelwa kwabalingani nabo ekilasini nabothisha kuzokwenza umntanakhe azizwele. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimo sengqondo esihle sizosakazeka ekufundeni.
Okufanele ukwenze uma uthisha engathandi ingane.
Abazali bajabule njalo uma ingane esikoleni samabanga aphansi inomfundisi weklasi - umuntu onentshisekelo, onomusa nesiguli. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uthisha wokuqala usebenza hhayi kuphela nabafundi, kodwa futhi nezingane ezithile. Phela, ngamunye wabo unezici zakhe siqu, ngayinye efuna indlela yakhe siqu. Izingane ngokuvamile zithola kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nesitayela esisha sobuhlobo. Bakuthola kunzima ukuzivumelanisa neqiniso lokuthi esikoleni bangomunye wabaningi. Ejwayele ukunakekelwa kakhudlwana kwendlu, nabo balindela isimo sengqondo esifanayo nabefundisi. Futhi bakhohliswa ngokulindela, banquma ukuthi "uthisha angithandi, akangiphatha kahle." Kodwa esikoleni izingane zihlolwa, okokuqala, ngenxa yezimfanelo zabo zebhizinisi nempumelelo. Futhi ngokuvamile ukubuka ngombono othisha kubona ukwehluleka kwengane, abazali abangayiboni. Kulesi simo, abazali bangacelwa ukuba baqale ukuxhumana nothisha, balalele umbono wakhe. Ngomntwana udinga ukukhuluma nobungane, umchazele lokho uthisha akufunayo ngempela, zama ukusiza ukuthola ukuqonda okufanayo.
Yini abazali okufanele bayenze uma becasula isigaba somntwana?
Ungalokothi ulalele izikhalazo zomntwana. Khumbula ukuthi ngezinkinga ezinkulu, ingane encane ingaba nezinkinga ezinkulu ebuhlotsheni phakathi komndeni. Ingane ekhungathekile kakhulu, ngokwemvelo, ilindele ukwesekwa komuntu wakubo. Ungawusunduli, zama ukuqonda okwenzekile. Ukufuna ukuqonda okuhlangenwe nakho nezinyembezi zengane yakho, ubambe iqhaza ekusungulweni kobudlelwane obuthembekileyo nangokwenene phakathi kwakho. Ngokuvamile, izingane zesikole zasesikoleni sinomthwalo obaluleke kakhulu wokulawula ukuziphatha - ukuzihlonipha. Ngendlela isimo sengqondo somntwana esiyoba ngayo kuye, ukukhulumisana kwakhe nabanye kuxhomeke, ukusabela ekuphumeleleni nasekuhlulekeni, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuntu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukuzihlonipha kwengane ngokuyinhloko kunqunywa ukuthi abantu abadala bayayihlola kanjani. Ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi ingane ibuhlungu, okokuqala, thola ukuthi kwenzekani. Yilalele kuze kube sekupheleni, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa. Bese uzama ukunciphisa ingane yesikole. Mchaze ukuthi konke kungashintshwa, abantu bakhule, bahlakaniphile, banokubekezela. Zama ukuqonda nengane ukuthi kungani lo muntu noma lowo muntu enza lokhu, mfundise umthetho: "Phatha abanye ngendlela ongathanda abanye bakuphathe ngayo."
Ngokwesazi esidumile sezengqondo saseFrance uJean Piaget, kusukela eneminyaka engu-7 ingane ikwazi ukubambisana nabanye abantu. Angeke aqondiswe izifiso zakhe siqu, imibono, kodwa futhi aqonde iphuzu lombono womunye umuntu. Ngokuvamile ngalesi sikhathi ingane isivele ikwazi ukuhlaziya isimo, ngaphambi kokusebenza.
Zama ukumchazela ukuthi abanye bazwa imizwa efanayo nabo. Ingane ayihlali esiqhingini esingahlali khona. Ukuthuthukiswa, udinga ukuxhumana nezinye izingane. Udinga ukwazi ukuqhathanisa amandla akho namakhono ngemiphumela yabanye. Kumele sithathe isinyathelo, sixoxisane, sithole indlela yokuphuma esimweni esingathandeki, isenzo. Siza ingane yakho ithole ulimi oluvamile nabontanga, ihlele ukuhamba okuhlangene, ukuvakasha nemidlalo.
Umqambi wokuqala wenqaba ukufunda.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukusebenza okungalungile kungaba ngenxa yokuthi ingane ikhonjisiwe esikoleni kakhulu kusenesikhathi. Cishe amaphesenti angama-25 ezingane ayengakabi esikoleni. Abazange basuke kusuka enkulisa ukuya esikoleni: abazange bazwe noma yini, abazange baqonde okuthile. Ukuzama ukwenza ukufunda kuvame ukubonwa yingane "kuma-bayonethi." Into esemqoka kulokhu akukona ukubeka uphawu kumntwana. Uma ufuna ukumfundisa noma yini, khumbula ukuthi umgomo wokufunda kufanele ube yinto ebalulekile ngokomzwelo kuye. Uma usufinyelele umgomo, ingane ikulindele ukudunyiswa noma ukumangala komuntu omdala. Okuqukethwe kwencwadi kufanele kumangaze futhi kumthinte ingane. Kubalulekile ukuletha lo mdlalo kwinqubo yokufunda, isikhashana sokuncintisana. Zama futhi ukufunda ingane ngokuzwakalayo, ukuma ngezikhathi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Zifunde ngokwakho - ubona intshiseko yakho, futhi uzobe nesithakazelo ekufundeni kancane kancane.
Ingane ayifuni ukwenza umsebenzi wesikole.
Ngokuvamile akusikho isikhathi sokuba abazali bahlale eduze nomfundi wesikole. Yebo, futhi ngifuna ukuthi afunde ukuthi angasebenza kanjani ngokuzimela. Ngaphambi kokungena esikoleni, abazali abaningi babeqiniseka ukuthi abasoze bahlala naye ngesikhathi belungiselela izifundo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isimo siqala ngendlela yokuthi nje abanayo enye indlela yokuphuma. Okukhulu kakhulu kuhlelo lwezikole lunikezelwa ukusebenza ekhaya. Futhi njengoba ingane ingakwazi ukubhekana nomthamo onjalo wolwazi olusha kuphela, ukutholakala okungakazelelwe komuntu omdala kubhekwa njengendaba. Lokhu kuyiqiniso! Ngakho-ke ungamcasuli ingane yakho ngokuhlambalaza ukuthi uyisiphukuphuku kunabanye, ukuthi ezinye izingane zibhekane nazo zonke izinto ngokwazo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane iqiniseke ngamakhono abo. Ungaligijimi, ungakhohlwa ukukhuthaza ngisho nangempumelelo encane. Beka ngaphambi kwezinsana imigomo enjalo ekwazi ukuyiqonda. Mkhuthaze ukuba angabi phambi kwezinkinga, akholelwe amandla akhe kanye nekhono lakhe. Umsebenzi wakho ukuqondisa ingane yakho ekufezeni lo mgomo. Usizo kuphela uma ingane ingakwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi ngokwakhe futhi ikucele usizo.
Khumbula njalo: lokho ingane eyenzile ngosizo lwakho namhlanje, kusasa angakwenza ngokwayo. Ukuzimela kwengane kungathuthukiswa kuphela ngesisekelo semisebenzi enhle. Lokho - okubulawa kalula futhi kubangela umuzwa wempumelelo yabo. Siza ingane yakho ukuba ikwazi ukuzethemba ngamakhono abo, futhi maduzane uzokwazi ukuzimela ekulungiseleleni umsebenzi wesikole.
Ingabe kufanele ngijezise ingane ngenxa yezifundo ezingafundiwe?
Ukujezisa noma cha nokuthi ungayenza kanjani - wonke umuntu uyazikhethela yena. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isijeziso sokuziphatha ngokuvamile singaba nzima kunesijeziso somzimba. Ngisho noma ujezisa ingane, ungalokothi uyihlazise! Ukujeziswa akufanele kubonwe ngumntwana njengokunqoba kwamandla akho phezu kobuthakathaka bakhe. Uma ungabaza, kufanele ujezise noma cha - ungajezisi. Futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukujeziswa akumelwe neze kulimaze impilo yengqondo noma yengqondo yengane. Khumbula ukuthi umfundi unezinkinga eziningi: ezinkulu nezincane. Futhi ukusekelwa kwakho kanye nokuhlanganyela kwakho kuphela kuzokusiza ukuvumelanisa ezweni elisha elingajwayelekile.