Kukhona umbono wokuthi ingane izoqala ukukhipha ukuthuthukiswa kontanga yakhe, uma ifunda ukufunda masinyane. Lokhu kungukukhohlisa. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule kungaba nzima ukuxoxa ngalolu daba. Ucwaningo oluhloswe ukutadisha zonke izindlela izingane ezincane ezithandwayo ezizosiza. Ngokuyinhloko, ososayensi babe nesithakazelo ezicikweni ezingokwengqondo zenqubo efanayo yokufanisa izincwadi nezinhlamvu zokufunda nokubhala. Lokho ingane ithola kamuva, mhlawumbe, ilahlekelwa, ifunde ukufunda nokubhala ngesikhathi esinjalo.
Enkonzweni yomsebenzi kwacaca ukuthi ingane ineminyaka emibili ubudala, isb. ngaphandle kwesinyathelo sabadala, awukwazi ukufunda izinhlamvu! Ngisho nesithakazelo ekucabangeni "amaphethini" anamandla - izinhlamvu eziboniswe ngamagubhu, i-lotto noma amathoyizi, akafuni ukuzikhumbula. Ukukhumbula ngekhanda kuqala ngemuva kokuba umuntu omdala eqala ukubiza lezi zincwadi, bese ephinda abuyele nsuku zonke, athole izinkomba zezinhlamvu ezenzakalweni ezizungezile: "o" - umbuthano, izimvu; "U" - ipayipi, ipayipi, njll.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingane ziqala "ukuthola" izinhlamvu ezintweni. UKostik (iminyaka emibili nezinyanga ezingu-6), ebheka i-mop, lapho umama ayegeza khona, wamemeza: "t, t, t!". Ekuqaleni umama odidekile wayengaqondi ukuthi wayefuna ukukusho ukuthini, wabe eseqagela - umntwana waqaphela uhlaka lwencwadi "t" e-mop.
Ngokufanayo, izingane zibona incwadi "n" ebhasini egcekeni; Intambo eyelule phakathi kwezinsika ezimbili yile ncwadi "n". Futhi u-Olenka (iminyaka emibili nezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala) waqala ukuthola izinkomba zezincwadi ngisho ... ezinkanyeni zesinkwa zakhe ezishaywa nguye!
Izincwadi zokuqala ezimbili noma ezintathu i-kid iyazikhumbula, ithatha imizamo ethile, bese iqagela ukuthi isithombe esicabangayo kufanele sibe negama, njenganoma yisiphi isithombe - i-cockerel, inja, ikati. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abazali abaningi baye baqaphela, uqala ukufuna ukuthi abantu abadala babize incwadi engajwayelekile. Kodwa ingane encane ayishukunyiswa isifiso sokufunda ukufunda. "Uphendula" encwadini-into, hhayi ekubonisweni kwesithombe solimi lwendabuko, isici segama eliphrintiwe. Ukubona le ncwadi njengento, ingane ikhumbula igama layo ngendlela efanayo namagama wezinto ezizungezile. Ngakho-ke izingane zikhumbula masinyane izincwadi ezinamabhubhu ngendlela efanayo, njengamagama amadololi, amaqhawe ezintsomi, abantu abaseduze. Ngesinye isikhathi, ingane iqala ukuthola izincwadi ezijwayelekile ezimpawu zokukhangisa, ezihlokweni zamaphephandaba. Ucwaningo lwabesosayensi lubonise ukuthi zonke izingane ezijwayelekile zeminyaka engu-2-3 zingakhumbula kalula izincwadi, kanti eminyakeni engama-3-3,5 ingafunda ukufunda cishe wonke amagama.
Noma kunjalo lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho akukuvumeli ukuba uncoma ukuqeqeshwa kokufunda nokubhala. Kungani? Ngesaba ukuthi abazali bazoqala ukusheshisa inqubo yokufunda ulimi lwesiRussia futhi baphoqe ingane ukuba ifunde. Lesi simo sengqondo sabazali esibonisa izingane ukuthi zicindezeleke kakhulu futhi zivimbela imfundo elandelayo yokufunda nokubhala.
Ekamelweni ungakwazi ukubeka (ezingeni lenye yengane) itafula enezinhlamvu noma iphosta enezinhlamvu nezinhlamvu zamagama - futhi kuphela. Akudingekile ukuba ufune ingane ukuthi ingavamile iminyaka yakhe.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukukhumbula ngekhanda futhi empeleni ukufunda izinto ezihlukile. Ukukufunda akusilo igama lezinhlamvu, kodwa ukuqoqwa kwamagama avela ezincwadini ezifanayo.
Yingakho ekuqaleni ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala kufanele kufundiswe ngokukhetha, ngokucabangela futhi kuze kube yilapho umntwana enesithakazelo. Izingane ezisencane kufanele zithutheke kakhulu, zisebenzise izinto (amathoyizi), ziqoqe ulwazi oluzwakalayo mayelana nezwe elibazungezile: khetha izinto, zibeke phakathi komunye nomunye, uthinte, uphonsa ama-cubes, amabhola, njll. Umsebenzi ohlosile uhola ngalesi sigaba. Ayikho ibhuku, lapho kubhekwe khona ama-cubes kanye namabhola afanayo, angeke ashintshe ingane ngento yangempela, ukusebenzisana nendawo nemvelo. Abazali kudingeka bazi lezi zici zobuncane.
Ingane yeminyaka emithathu yokuqala yokuphila ilawulwa ukucabanga okubonakalayo-okusebenzayo (inzwa yokuqonda). Ukucabangela ukucubungula (ukuhlaziywa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuqhathanisa, ukukhiqiza) kuthuthukisa kuphela futhi kwenziwa ohlelweni olubukwayo olusebenzayo, okungukuthi. ekwenzeni izenzo ezingokoqobo ngamapiramidi, amadonsa okugcoba, izindandatho, lapho umntwana eqhubeka khona, enqamula futhi eqoqa; ufanisa, ukusebenzisa ingxenye eyodwa kwesinye, njalonjalo.
"Kodwa ngokuphathelene nokufundisa ukufunda. Kuyini uxhumano? "- abazali abadidekile bazosibuza. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izingane ezincane azikwazi "ukuphatha" imisindo yolimi lwazo, ukubhala, ukuhlukanisa amagama. I-silulumagama yengane ayivame ukuhambelana nesitoreji semibono: akuwona wonke amazwi ingane engakwazi ukuyibiza ngokunenzuzo, eziningi zazo aziqukethe ulwazi oluthile oluthile. Amandla okucabanga kwengane akuwona amagama, kodwa okuqukethwe kwawo, atshalwe ngamagama.
Njengamanje, isayensi iye yafakazela ukuthi isisusa esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kwengane yeminyaka yokuqala yokuphila, umthombo wakhe oyinhloko umsebenzi osebenza kahle ophethe ama-rattles, amapiramidi, nezinsimbi zomntwana ezitholakalayo ezinganeni, futhi ekugcineni umdlalo onodlame nakho konke okusemandleni okuthunyelwa komdlalo wegeyimu. Usosayensi owaziwayo ensimini yasencane, uDokotela weBioological Sciences А.М. UFonarev wabonisa ukuthi ngenkathi edlala, esebenza, ingane ifunda okokuqala ukuxazulula izinkinga ezilula ezingokoqobo, ngaphandle kwalokhu ayikwazi ukuphakama esiteji esiphezulu lapho kuvela khona imibono engaqondakali, okuqukethwe kwayo enquma izinhlobo eziningi zokucabanga, isibonelo, ezibonakalayo (umqondo). Ngenxa yalokho, isikhathi esibucayi kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalesi sitshalo esisodwa ngokungenakuphikelela ekufundeni akuqinisekisi ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisanayo, futhi lokhu kungenye yezici zayo ezimbi.
Ukufunda nokubhala kufanele kunikezwe abazali bezingane ezinomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu, ngoba ixhunywe nokuthuthukiswa kwezici zesimiso somphakathi wesithunzi. Lolu lwazi aluyona "olujabulisayo", lungenxa yokuphila futhi kufanele lunikezwe ezinganeni zanoma yimiphi iminyaka yobudala echanekile.
Yiqiniso, kuzo zonke izinto ezishiwo, akulandeli ngokuphelele ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthatha izincwadi kusukela kwengane, ukuzama ukungaboni izibalo emehlweni akhe, njll. Makube nekhono lakhe namacube anezinhlamvu, nezinganekwane, nezithombe enezinombolo.
Vumela-ngisho nasesicelo sakhe - uyambiza izincwadi futhi akusize ufunde amagama alula.
Okunye okudingekayo: ukuthi kakade ngonyaka wesibili wesithathu wokuphila ingane engaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabantu abadala, imidwebo, i-appliqués, nokwakhiwa okuhle, futhi ihlanganiswe "nomsebenzi", umgomo wokusebenza.
Ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wengqondo wengane ngeke kuncishiswe ekukhunjweni kwezinhlamvu ezingu-33 ze-alfabhethi nezibonakaliso ezingu-10 zedijithali. Ngendlela, izinombolo zezingane zikhumbula ngendlela efanayo nezincwadi, zibaqondisa: 1 - yinduku, 2 - idada, 3 - intambo; 4 - esiteji esingaphansi; 5 - i-spoon-cookware; 6 - ukukhiya; I-7 - i-hatchet; 8 - bun ("plaetochka"); 9 - ibhaluni lomoya.
Kule nkathi yobudala, uhlobo oluhamba phambili lomsebenzi wokuthuthukiswa ngumdlalo. Yingakho i-kid eyaziwa ngama-alfabhethi ngisho "efunda" ngamagama athile alula, maduzane ashiya lezi zifundo, ashintshela emdlalweni, abonise abantu abadala ukuthi ukufundwa kokuqala kuyisipho nje semfashini.
Uma uneminyaka engu-5-6 ubudala kulula ukuba izingane zifunde ukufunda, kodwa ungazijwayeza izinhlamvu (ukubhaliswa kwazo) kwengane kakade eminyakeni engu-2-3. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinhlamvu zezinto ingane. Lokhu kuyasiza. Ukusuka ocwaningweni kusobala: lapho uhlola izinhlamvu ngamagubhu, amaphilisi, umntwana usungula indawo yokuzwa. Ososayensi baye basungula ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubukela iso "uzizwa" ngale ndaba cishe ngendlela efanayo nesandla sijwayele ifomu, sithinta ubuso. Yingakho izingane zihlaba umxhwele ngokubheka izincwadi! Amantombazane, aqaliswa ezakhiweni zesimiso semvelo yomphakathi (izinhlamvu, izinombolo, amanothi, amafomu weJomethrikhi, imidwebo, njll), gqoka imifanekiso, amapuzzle, izibalo zezindiza (isibonelo, "indlu ye-cockerel", "ukuguqula amabhande" kanye njll), khetha izingxenye ezifanako zezithombe ezinqunyiwe (ngokuzenzekelayo) nama-cubes, Ie. ukwenza imisebenzi engcono lapho kuhlaziywa khona ukuhlaziya okubucayi okubucayi.
Ngakho-ke, kukhona futhi okuhle ekufundiseni ingane ekuqaleni.
Yini okufanele uqale ukwethulwa kwengane ukufunda nokubhala?
Sika ebhodini elikhuni zonke izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu 10 cm phezulu. Kufanele zibe namandla, ukuze izinyane lizithathe kalula.
Mnike ngezikhalazi zokuqala: "a", "o", "y", "futhi".
Batshele kancane kancane, cishe becula.
Yenza umnikelo njengecala lepensela, kuphela obala, ofana nomthikisi. Kulo pensela-umbusi izinhlamvu zinezinwele futhi zivaliwe.
Umdlalo uqala: izinyane libiza incwadi evuleka iso lakhe lapho umugqa ugijima kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla. Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba kusungulwe ukuthi ubunzima bokuqala ekufundiseni buxhunywe nokuhluleka ukulandela umbono kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla.
Uma umntwana efunda izikhalazi (a, o, y, u), bazobe bekhululekile ukuqaphela bese bebiza "ah-ah", "y-uy", "i-i-i", "0-0- 0 ", ungaqhubeka. Qala ukufunda (yebo, funda!). Ukwenza lokhu, wabeka ama-vowels kumklamo wesilayidi kumacala epenseli: "Io" - ihhashi likhala, "uJune" uyidonki. Yiqiniso, ekuqaleni inhlanganisela eyodwa yomsindo kumele isebenze, ke eyesibili. Ingane kufanele ifunde ukubiza incwadi evula. Zombili imisindo yizikhalazi, ngakho-ke owokuqala "ugeleza" kalula, futhi ingane ifunda, ngaphandle kobunzima, emva komuntu omdala, "njengemfucumfucu wehhashi noma imbongolo." Ngokufanayo, funda inkulumo ethi "ay".
Shintsha ngokujulile umbusi, uvakalise izinhlamvu ezivela: "a-ah-ah-uu-uu." Bese unikeza ulwazi oluthe xaxa: intombazane (umfana) idlala futhi afune unina noma ahambe ehlathini. Ngakho-ke, ngesimo somdlalo, ingane idinga ukutshelwa ukuthi olunye ulwazi ludluliselwa ngosizo lwezinhlamvu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-consonants kuqala kancane kancane.
Ekuqaleni, "m", "p", "b", "t", "d", "c", "d".
Nika ingane incwadi esandleni sayo bese usho umsindo okhombisa (futhi kuphela!).
Manje, ngosizo lomlawuli wepen-ne-ipensela, ungaqala ukwethula ingane yakho kuma-syllables avaliwe:
"Av" (ubeka inja), "am" (inja idla ukudla).
Ungamgijimi ingane, khumbula ukuthi uyadlala naye, faka izenzo ngokuphawula emibonweni yemidlalo. Nweba insimu efundisayo yokuxhumana komdlalo, ukuyifaka ne "ukufunda".
Uma izinyathelo ezichazwe ngenhla ziphumelele, ungaqhubeka nokulandelayo.
Shintsha ngaphambi kwamehlo ezinhlamvu zamagama ezinhlamvu: "av" - "va"; "Am" - "ma"; "An" - "na", njll.
Futhi-ke, uhambisa umugqa ngokusebenzisa ipeni lepenseli ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, umcele ukuthi abize izincwadi ezivela.
Lokhu kungukuqala kokuthuthukiswa komqulu. Iminyaka yengane engu-Z ingaphezu kokwanele.
Ukukwazi ukukwazi ukufunda nokubhala eminyakeni yokuqala kuqinisekiswa ososayensi basekhaya nabangaphandle. Izindlela ezikhethekile zakhiwe. E-Russia, okungcono kunazo zonke izindlela zikaN. Zaitsev, kodwa kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile komuntu omdala. Sinikeze okunengqondo kakhulu.