Umama ongumhlengikazi angadlulisela ingculazi yakhe enganeni?
Ngokujwayelekile kwenzeka. Uma umama egula ngezifo ezitholakala ebuntwaneni noma egonywe ngokumelene nabo, umzimba wakhe "uphonsa" izifo zokuzivikela ezivikelayo, ezidlula umntwana kanye nobisi. Yingakho imishanguzo, i-rubella, inkukhu kubantwana kuze kube yingxenye yesigamu - i-rarity. Khona-ke ukuzivikela komzimba "okwethulwa" kuyaphazamisa. Lapha bese uthola usizo lokugoma. Kungcono ukuqala ukugoma ngaphambi kokuba unqanyuliwe - kusuka esifubeni.
Ngingayenza imithi eminingi ngesikhathi esifanayo?
Yebo, futhi ngale njongo kukhona imithi ekhethekile ehlotshaniswayo, isibonelo, i-LKDS. Iqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezibhekene nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezingafani 'ukuncintisana' komunye nomunye (amatafula akhethekile asetshenziselwe ukuhlola ukuhambisana kwemigomo). Ukugoma ngesikhathi esifanayo kungcono ngoba akulimazi ingane nge-injection engadingekile. Akudingeki ukuba uvakashele emtholampilo izikhathi eziyishumi, lapho kulula ukuyithatha, isibonelo, i-ARVI.
Kungenzeka yini ukushintsha amalungiselelo ngesikhathi sokugoma?
Kusukela esi sifo esifanayo, imithi eminingana evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene ingaba khona kanyekanye. Ezinye ziphumelela kangcono, kodwa zivame ukwenza ngaphandle kwemiphumela, ezinye ziphephile, kodwa zibiza kakhulu. Uma umuthi wokugoma ungatholakali emtholampilo, ungashintshwa imishanguzo engashintshiyo ngokumelene ne-diphtheria, i-tetanus ne-pertussis, i-poliomyelitis ephilayo futhi engasebenzi, imishanguzo ehlukene ngokumelene nesifo sofuba nesifo se-hepatitis A kanye no-B. Ukufakwa kabusha kwemishanguzo ebukhoma futhi akudingi isicelo sokugunyazwa kwesinye esifanayo umuthi ofanayo. Yonke imithi ye-X ne-B enikezwe ilayisensi eRussia ishintshelwa esikhundleni.
Kungani izigodlo eziningana ezifanayo?
Ukugoma okuningi kuyadingeka ukudala igciwane lesiguli ngezifo ezithile. Ukugonywa kusuka ku-diphtheria, i-pertussis, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis, i-hepatitis B eyenziwa ngezigaba eziningana nge-interval of days 45. Kodwa kusukela kumasunisi, ama-mumps noma isifo sofuba, ukugonywa okulodwa kunokwanele ukuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba eminyakeni ezayo (ukukhushulwa kwe-booster kwenzeka njalo eminyakeni engu-6-7).
Ingane egonywe ingagula?
Ngokuvamile, kodwa kungenzeka. Izizathu zalokhu ziningi, kusukela ekugcineni okungalungile komgomo nokuphela ngezici zomzimba ngamunye. Ukuphumelela komuthi wokugoma kungathinta iminyaka yengane, kanye nesimo somsoco, ngisho nesimo sezulu lapho umntwana ehlala khona. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukunamathela ekhalendeni lokugoma noma isimiso somuntu ngamunye sokugoma esakhiwe udokotela, hhayi ukwethula izilonda ezintsha ngesikhathi sokugoma nokugwema ezinye "izivivinyo" phezu kwengane: ukuhamba olwandle, ukugaya, njll. kuhloswe engozini yengane, udokotela angaqagela ngokubheka ikhadi lezokwelapha. Ukucindezeleka kokuthunyelwa kokuthunyelwa komzimba kungenzeka uma ingane: ukunyuka kwengcindezi engaphezu kwesigqila, ibone i-convulsive syndrome nezinye izifo zesimiso sezinzwa; kukhona ukubhekwa kwemithi, i-atopic dermatitis njalonjalo; i-ARVI yonke engapheli yonyaka, inkambo yesifo iyinto enzima futhi akuyisikhathi eside
Ihamba nge;
kunezifo ezingapheliyo; kwakukhona "ukungalungile" ukusabela kumigomo yangaphambilini. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba igciwane liqale, abazali kufanele bavunyelwe ngodokotela wezingane kuphela, kodwa futhi ngabanye ochwepheshe, ikakhulukazi isazi sezinzwa zegazi, ngokufanele i-immunologist kufanele ithole isinqumo sokugoma ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphelele (kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo jikelele).
Yiziphi izinyathelo ezithinta ukugoma?
Ukugonywa kungukungeniswa emzimbeni wento engavamile, ongaphandle. Ngisho noma umntwana ephuzile ngaphandle, kukhona umzabalazo omkhulu emzimbeni wakhe - ngokwawo kuzuzisa, ngoba esikhathini sokuzivikela kukhishwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma kunjalo, ama-echoes alo mzabalazo afika phezulu - khona-ke ukuphendula okulandelayo kokugoma kungenzeka. Owokuqala uhlanganisa umkhuhlane, i-malaise, ikhanda eliphansi, ukunciphisa ukudla; okwesibini - obomvu nobubele besishukela, ukuxubana endaweni yesejojo, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes eseduze. Zonke lezi zindlela zokuphendula, njengomthetho, ziyashesha. Uma ukungabikho kokubambezeleka kubambezelekile - izinga lokushisa lihlala, ukuvuvukala akusiyi phansi - ungakhuluma ngokucindezela kokuthunyelwa kokugoma, udinga ukubonisana nodokotela. Izinkinga zivame ukudideka nesifo esivamile. Iqiniso liwukuthi umuthi wokugoma unciphisa okwesikhashana isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela - "sichitha" i-pathogen engenayo noma izingxenye zawo, okusho ukuthi umzimba ungabi nasizo usizo ngaphambi kokunye ukutheleleka okufihlwe isikhathi noma okusobala. Kodwa kulokhu, ukugoma akuyona imbangela, kodwa isimo, esifana nalokho, isibonelo, hypothermia noma ukucindezeleka.
Yiziphi izenzo ezivame kakhulu ukuphendula?
Okuvame kakhulu ukuphendula okwenziwe okwenziwe okwenziwe ezigabeni zomuthi wokugoma. Yingakho izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezintathu emva kokugoma kunconywa ukunikeza ingane antihistamines. Ukunyuka kokushisa komzimba nokucasuka endaweni yokujola kuyisimo esivamile (futhi esivamile). Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imiphumela emibi ingenzeka, kodwa ngenxa yokugoma ingane izoba nokuzivikela okunamandla empilweni. Uma wenqaba ukugoma, ubungozi obaluleke kakhulu - impilo yengane ngisho nokuphila kwakhe. Yiqiniso, noma yikuphi ukugoma kufanele kulungiswe kahle: ingane akufanele igule ngisho ne-ARI okungenani amasonto amabili ngaphambi komjovo, ayikwazi ukugonywa ngemuva kwesimo sezinto ezicindezelayo, njll. Uma umntwana enenkinga yempilo, kungenzeka ukuthi, ngokubambisana nodokotela, akhethe emkhatsini wokugonywa kwama-analogues. Udokotela wezingane oya esikoleni, owazi izici zengane yakho, anganikeza inselelo yesikhashana, ukuphefumula kokugoma, kodwa akusekho. Ungathathi ngokungathí sina izindaba ezimbi mayelana nemigomo eyingozi, egcwele amaforamu omzali. Umeluleki wakho kuphela udokotela ophethe impilo yengane. Futhi futhi nengqondo yakho.
Nini futhi yini okumele ufunde izingane?
Uhlelo lwesimiso sokugoma lubeka isimiso esilandelayo.
Amahora angu-12 - ukugoma kokuqala: i-hepatitis B.
Usuku lwe-3-7 - ukugoma: isifo sofuba.
Ukugoma kwenyanga eyodwa nesibini: isifo sofuba esibhedlela B.
Izinyanga ezi-3 - ukugoma kokuqala: i-diphtheria, ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis.
Izinyanga ezingu-4,5 - ukugoma kwesibili: i-diphtheria, ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis.
Izinyanga ezingu-6 - ukugoma kwesithathu: i-diphtheria, i-pertussis, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis; ukugoma kwesithathu: i-hepatitis B.
Izinyanga ezingu-12 - ukugonywa kokuqala: isishukela, ama-mumps, i-rubella,
Izinyanga ezingu-18 - ukuphindaphinda kokuqala: i-diphtheria, ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis.
Izinyanga ezingu-20 - lesibili revaccination: poliomyelitis. Kule migomo yokuvimbela, i-anti-tuberculosis iyimpoqo; Abazali kaningi abaze babuze ukuthi bayavuma yini: ingane ikhishwa esibhedlela kuphela emva kokungeniswa komuthi wokugoma ofanele - i-BCG.
Okuthile okusha
Abaphathi bezingane zaseRussia bafuna ukufakwa kwamagciwane amasha ohlelweni lukazwelonke lokugonywa: kusuka ekutheleleni kwe-pneumococcal, kusuka ekutheleleni kwe-Hib nakwezinkukhu. Ukutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal kubangela kokubili i-otitis ne-sinusitis ejwayelekile, nezifo ezimbi - isibungu se-pneumonia, i-meningitis, i-sepsis. I-pneumococcus iyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane ngenxa yezinto eziphawulekayo zesakhiwo se-bacterium: inegobolondo eliqinile le-polysaccharide, lapho amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba omzimba wengane engakwazi ukubhekana nayo, i-pneumococcus iyashintsha ngokushesha futhi ilahlekelwe ukuzwela kuma-antibiotics. Ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kwezinkinga zokuphatha lesi sifo kunzima kakhulu ngonyaka. Kulula kakhulu ukukuvimbela. " E-US nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, lokhu kugonywa kufakwe amakhalenda kazwelonke iminyaka eminingana. Ukutheleleka kohlobo lwe-Hemophilus (ukutheleleka kwe-Hib) yi-agent ejwayelekile ye-causative yezifo ezinzima [i-meningitis, i-pneumonia], ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. I-WHO ikhuthaza ukufakwa kwegciwane leHib kumakhalenda kazwelonke kuwo wonke amazwe. I-pox yezilwane kubhekwe njengesiyaluyalu somntwana obungenacala. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abantu abayazi ukuthi "inkukhu yezinkukhu" ezithathelwanayo kakhulu kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu - kuze kube ukuvuvukala kwezingqimba zobuchopho. Ukugula kwengane kunzima kakhulu ukubekezelela abantu abadala abazange babe nakho (ukuzivikela emkhunjini okhutshulelwe yiyo yonke impilo). Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuvikela ingane kanye nomkhuhlane wezinkukhu omdala ongekho ebuntwaneni. Ikakhulukazi kusukela umgomo uhanjiswa kalula futhi ngaphandle kwemiphumela.