I-anesthesia iyindaba ebalulekile
Izinkomba yi-anesthesia ejwayelekile noma yendawo. I-anesthesia ejwayelekile, noma i-anesthesia, iyindlela yokwelapha okujwayelekile, lapho isiguli singenabuzwa ubuhlungu nokuqonda. Ukusetshenziswa kwamazinyo nokuphulukiswa kwezinhlobo ze-aneshesia. Nge-inhalation i-anesthetics esifundeni segesi sitholwa ohlelweni lokuphefumula bese ufaka igazi ngendlela efanayo ne-oxygen. Nge-anesthesia engeyona i-anional, ama-anesthetics ajojelwe emzimbeni ngaphakathi noma ngokungahambisani. Kuzo zombili izimo, ukusebenza kuqhubeka ngokungenabuhlungu.
Kodwa-ke, uma kubalulekile ukususa izinyo, i-anesthesia jikelele ayifuni ukusetshenziswa kaningi futhi, njengombuso, esibhedlela. Izinkomba eziyinhloko ukungabekezelelani kwe-anesthetics yasendaweni kanye nokwenyuka kokuzijabulisa kwengqondo. I-anesthesia yasendaweni yindlela eyinhloko yokwenza izinyathelo zokwelapha izifo zamazinyo. Kuboniswa kuwo wonke amacala lapho kwenziwa ukungenelela kwamazinyo okuhambisana nokuphendula okubuhlungu. Ukuqhathanisa okukodwa: ukungabekezelelani kwesiguli se-anesthetic yendawo.
Kumkhuba wamazinyo, okungeyona injectable (application) kanye nezinhlobo ezinemijovo ye-anesthesia yendawo esetshenziswayo. Nge-anesthesia yesicelo, i-anesthetic isetshenziswa ebusweni bezingcuba, ezivimbela ama-receptors kanye nezingxenye zokugcina zezintambo zensiza zomzimba ezisezintanjeni. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuqhutshwa kwevolumu encane: ukususwa kwezinyosi zesilwane, izinsipho ezinamazinyo ezinzima, izilonda ezincane ezinobuthi emzimbeni omlomo, nokunye okunjalo. Uma isiguli "esaba" sesaba ukugaya i-gum, uye waphinde wanikezwa i-anesthesia ye-anesthetic ngaphambi kokujova i-anesthesia.
Inesthetic anesthesia ihlose ukukhipha ukuzwela kobuhlungu besayithi elifanele ngokuletha isisombululo se-anesthetic - a) eduze kwezintambo zomgogodla kanye nokuphela kwazo (ukungena kwe-infiltration anesthesia); b) eduze kwesiqu sezinzwa (i-anesthesia ehamba phambili).
Kule ndlela ye-anesthesia resort e:
• ukususwa kwamazinyo namazinyo okuhlala njalo;
• ukuchithwa kwama-abscesses angaphansi kwesigqila kanye nesisindo;
• Ukukhishwa kwezicubu ezincane ezinobuthi kanye nezimo ezinjengama-tumor (i-papilloma, i-fibroma, i-cyst yokugcina, njll);
• ukwelapha ukwelashwa kwamanxeba (suturing);
• ngesikhathi samaplastiki omlomo nezindebe zomlomo;
• Uma ukwelapha amazinyo.
Kungani i-anesthesia "ingasebenzi"?
Ngezinye izikhathi umjovo we-anesthesia awuhlinzeki nge-anesthesia ephelele. Lokhu kwenzeka uma udokotela ohlinzayo wamazinyo ephoqelelwe ukuba enze ukuhlinzeka ngesiguli esinesifo sokuvuvukala kwamazinyo kanye / noma imifino. Iqiniso liwukuthi emvelweni we-acidic wezicubu ezivuthayo, umphumela we-anesthetics onjalo unobuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokwanda kwegazi ezithandweni ezivuthayo, ukukhishwa ngokushesha kwe-anesthetic kwenzeka, okunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza futhi kwandise ubuthi bayo.
Kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukwehla komphumela wokushisa izifo ezigulini ezinezifo ezivuthayo kubonakala ngokukhululekile nge-anesthesia yokungena.
Ukukhetha isidakamizwa sokuphumula ubuhlungu
Amaphilisi we-anesthetics asekhaya ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: i-esters - anesthesin, i-cocaine, i-novocaine, i-dicaine, njll; amides - articaine, lidocaine, tri-mecaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine idr. Ukuhlukana phakathi kwamaqembu kuhlanganisa, okokuqala, ekuqaliseni kwe-biotransformation ye-anesthetics yendawo kanye nemiphumela emibi. Njengamanje, eRussia, ama-ester for injection anesthesia kumazinyo emithi ayasetshenzisiwe ngenxa yobuthi bawo obuphezulu. Muva nje, odokotela bamazinyo baye bakhangwa odokotela bamazinyo abavela ku-UI-tracain DS, iSteanest 4% N, Ubiste-sin, i-Ultracain DS, i-Septanest 4% SP, i-Ubistesin forte. Zisekelwe ku-articaine - iqembu le-anesthetic yendawo yama-amides nesenzo esisheshayo: i-anesthesia ivela ku-0.5-3 imizuzu. I-Articaine ibekezelela kangcono kune-lidocaine. Ukuphendula okwenziwe nge-allergen kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-articaine ayifinyelele emkhakheni we-hematoplacental futhi ngakho-ke iphephile kakhulu kubesifazane abakhulelwe.
Njengamanje, ukusabela kokubhujiswa kwama-mast cell (RDTK) kusetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukuzwela komuntu ngamunye. Ukuphuma ku-RDTC kuboniswa ezigulini ezinezimo eziphuthumayo ze-etiology, ukungavumelani kwezidakamizwa. With anesthesia injectable, izinkinga zendawo kungenzeka:
Ubuhlungu nokushiswa uma kujowe. Lezi zindlebe zihlala ziphelile futhi zingavinjelwa. Ukwethulwa okuncane kwe-anesthetic yendawo kwandisa kokubili ukuphepha nokududuza komjovo.
I-Pesthesia (i-anesthesia ehlalayo). Kubonakala ngenguquko encane nokunciphisa ubuzwe emkhakheni wokungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Usizo aludingekile, luhamba ngokuzenzekelayo amasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga.
- Isivumelwano esithuthumayo se-Post-injection. Lezi yimingcele ekuvuleni komlomo ngezinga elihlukahlukene. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwenaliti emisipha ngesikhathi se-anesthesia eqhubayo emhlathini ophansi. Inkinga ixazululwa ngemuva kwezinqubo ze-physiotherapy.
- Imfundo nge-hematomas. Njengomthetho, basuswa besebenzisa i-bandage yokucindezela nokubandayo.
Njengoba ubona, i-anesthesia emisebenzini yamazinyo isetshenziswa namhlanje kakhulu kakhulu. Izindlela ze-anesthesia zithuthukiswa njalo, izidakamizwa ezintsha, eziphumelelayo neziphephile. Futhi manje odokotela baphendula umbuzo othi "Kungenzeka yini ukukhipha amazinyo ngokungenabuhlungu kunoma yisiphi isiguli" - "yebo". Futhi, noma kunjalo, engacabangeki, futhi ngokujwayelekile yonke i-anesthesia, i-anesthesia yamazinyo angakwazi ukubizwa. Ngakho-ke, udokotela ozothatha isifo isiguli "esinqatshiwe", enze ukususwa noma ezinye izinyathelo ezibuhlungu, lapho enquma ukusetshenziswa kwe-anesthesia, uphoqeleka ukucabanga. Cabanga ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela isiguli ukuba singakhathazeki futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga kanye nemiphumela emibi emibi ye-anesthesia.
KUBALULEKILE! I-anesthesia yendawo ephikisanayo ne-anesthesia yendawo ekhuphuke ngokuzwela komuntu ngamunye. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-anesthesia yendawo kule nkinga kungaholela enkingeni enkulu kakhulu - ukwethuka kwe-anaphylactic, okungenzeka noma kunini. Ngokuvame ukwenzeka ngokulawulwa okuphindaphindiwe kwe-anesthetic, kodwa kunezimo zokuphendula okunjalo ekujoeni kokuqala kwesidakamizwa.