Izinhlelo kanye Neqiniso
Eqinisweni, i-World Health Organization (WHO) ihlele ukuxosha i-poliomyelitis emhlabeni wethu ngonyaka ka-2000. Futhi bekungeke kwenzeke lokhu uma ngabe kwakungazange kube ngamazwe wezwe lesithathu, lapho igciwane eliyingozi lisakazeka khona, lisakazwa ngamaconsi aphuma emoyeni, njengemfucuza, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izithelo zemifino ezingcolile nezingcolile. EmaRiphabhuliki ase-Central Asia ngokuwa kweSoviet Union, izingane zazingasabomgomo, futhi ukutheleleka okuhlukunyeziwe kwaphinde kwaba yinkinga enkulu emhlabeni wonke. Le ntwasahlobo, eTajikistan yedwa, odokotela babhalise amacala angu-278 e-poliomyelitis, enabangu-15 kubo (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5 ubudala) onomphumela obulalayo. Kuleli zwe laseCentral Asia, ukutheleleka kwavela eNdiya, ePakistan nase-Afghanistan. Kuvamile kakhulu e-Afrika. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi izinhlelo ze-UN ezikhethekile zokugoma izingane. Njengoba ukutheleleka emngceleni akuhambisani, i-poliomyelitis iyaxosha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amantongomane nezithelo ezomisiwe ezivela ezifundeni ezihluphekile zingase zithole igciwane. Emikhiqizweni nasemanzini, iqhubeka iminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-2-4, ngaphezu kwalokho, ibekezelela ukomisa nokuqhwaza kahle, kepha isaba uketshezi, i-potassium permanganate (solution solution ye-potassium permanganate) ne-hydrogen peroxide. Amanzi okuphuza izingane kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela abilisiwe noma amabhodlela. Imifino, izithelo, amajikijolo nemifino zigeza kahle ngamanzi ahambayo bese zifafaza ngamanzi abilayo ngaphambi kokunikeza umntwana. Ungalokothi uliphuze ngobisi, uthenge ezandleni: lingagula igciwane le-poliomyelitis (kanye nezinambuzane zamanye amagciwane amaningi emathunjini). Yiqiniso, uma ubisi luphekwa, ngeke kube khona ingozi.
Uhla lwezempilo
Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela i-poliomyelitis ukugoma. Unikwa izinyanga ezi-3 ngesikhathi esisodwa sokugoma ngokumelene ne-pertussis, i-diphtheria ne-tetanus. Okokuqala, yenza umjovo we-DTP (embhedeni), bese unika ingane emlonyeni umuthi wokugoma we-pipette ngokumelene ne-poliomyelitis. Kubonakala sengathi kulula kakhulu: ukugwinya - futhi ukulungele! Kodwa ngale ndlela (indlela enomntwana) yokuphatha umgomo, umuntu kufanele alandele imithetho. Awukwazi, isibonelo, ukondla iziqu ngaphambi noma ngokushesha emva kokugoma, ngoba angakwazi ukubuyisela ubisi kanye nomuthi wokugoma. Khona-ke kuzodingeka unikezwe futhi! Endabeni yokuthi upapa wanikela indodana yomsana emgodini wokulwa nesifo sofuba futhi akazange aqaphele ukuthi wayesebenze umuthi wokugoma, ngakho-ke wahlala engavikelekile egazini eliyingozi, isakhiwo sencwadi yokugcina yomlobi wanamuhla u-Alexandra Marinina yakhiwa. Umfana, ngokwemvelo, wabuya wagula futhi ngenxa yalokho wayevalelwe esitulo sabakhubazekile, futhi upapa wayefanele akhokhe ngesihluku ukuze aqondise.
Le ndaba ibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kweyodwa into: eminyakeni echazwe umlobi (ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule), i-poliomyelitis, ikakhulukazi eMoscow, yayingekho. Kodwa maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ukwanda kwezigameko zalesi sifo emazweni amaningi aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika kwanikeza isimo senhlekelele kazwelonke: kwamanye amadolobha lesi senzakalo sasinabantu abangu-13-20 ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-10 000 kubantu abaningi - okuningi! Isibonelo somongameli waseMelika uTheodore Roosevelt, owabusa izwe ngesitulo sabakhubazekile, uveza. Wabulawa nge-poliomyelitis engama-39, ngemva kwalokho wayengakwazi ukuhamba. Yiqiniso, leli fomu lesi sifo livame kakhulu kubantwana abancane, futhi phakathi kwabantu abadala, kuphela labo abahlushwa i-immunodeficiency kunzima ukubekezelela ukutheleleka. Kodwa-ke, emva kokudalwa kwemigomo ngokumelene ne-poliomyelitis nokugoma okukhulu kwezingane emazweni athuthukile, kuhlanganise nensimu ye-Ukraine yanamuhla, lokhu kutholakala kwakususwe ngokuphelele. Ngisho namanje, lapho isimo se-epidemiological singaba nzima ngenxa yegciwane elingenisiwe, ukuqubuka kwesifo akukwenzeka, ngoba izingane zethu zivikelwe kuwo ngokugoma. Umkhandlu. Qinisekisa ukuthi ugcina ikhalenda yemigomo yengane, imaka izinsuku zayo kuyo. Sicela uqaphele: umgomo wokulwa ne-poliomyelitis ngonyaka wokuqala ulawulwa kathathu ngezikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-45. Zama ukuthi ungadluli ngalesi sikhathi esinqunyiwe! Umthelela wokuzivikela wokugoma okulodwa ungama-50%, kanti lapho ingane ithola amanani amathathu - 95%. Uma engena ku-5% asele, uzodlulisela ukutheleleka kwifomu elicishiwe futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke abe yinto engavumelekile. Into esemqoka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphindaphinda kwengane yakho kulandela isimiso: ezinyangeni eziyi-18 no-20, bese kuthi eminyakeni engu-14.
Iphila noma ifile?
Umgomo wokulwa ne-poliomyelitis unemihlobo emibili: iqukethe igciwane elibhekene ne-attenuated (OPV) futhi lingasebenzi (IPV) elingafi. Yikuphi kokubili okungcono? Eqinisweni, owokuqala - inikeza ingculazi engaphelele. Kodwa-ke, kuyinto engavamile kakhulu (isisodwa sezigidi ezingu-2-3), kodwa ngisho negciwane elinjalo elibuthakathaka lingabangela izifo ezihlobene nokugoma. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, ingane kumele ihlolwe udokotela oya khona ngaphambi kokugoma. Udokotela uzoqaphela uma kukhona ukuphikisana nokugoma. Lezi ziqu zihlanganisa ukuzivivinya umzimba kanye nezimo ezinzima ezihambisana nesifo somkhuhlane noma isimiso se-systemic, kanye nezifo ezibulalayo (kuhlanganise ne-oncohematology) kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa ezihambisana nesandulela sangaphambilini sokugoma i-polio. Kodwa e-US, i-OPV ayisetshenziswanga iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10. Kusukela ngo-1979, amacala angu-144 e-poliomyelitis ahlobene nokugoma aye abikiwe kuleli zwe (ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezine-AIDS ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-18), ngakho odokotela banquma ukungabi nengozi, futhi bashintshela ekugodleni inani le-IPV. Nakuba libuthakathaka, alikwazi ukushaya i-poliomyelitis. Ezimweni zaseMelika, lesi sinyathelo sinengqondo: ingane ezalwa e-United States ayinakwenzeka ukuthi ihlangane ne-"wild" i-virus ye-polio virus, futhi izingane zethu, njengoba izenzakalo zezinyanga zamuva zibonisa, kufanele zivikelwe kuwo - noma kunjalo, umgomo wokugoma ongasebenzi Isibonelo, izingane eziphathwe ngama-antibiotic (streptomycin kanye neomycin) zinganikeza ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic yezinga elihlukene lokuqina ngokuphendula i-IPV - kusuka ku-edema yendawo ukushaqeka. ayikho into enjengomuthi wokugoma ophephile - njengezidakamizwa ngokujwayelekile - kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda into eyodwa: uma ingane yenqaba ukugoma, ingane ingozi kakhulu .10 kuya kuma - 20% kwalabo abane - poliomyelitis abahlushwa ukukhubazeka futhi izinga lokufa kule sifo lifinyelela ku - 4% .Lezi zibalo - i-argument eqinile yokugoma! Iqiniso elilodwa elibalulekile lidinga ukucatshangelwa: ososayensi bayazi izinhlobo ezintathu (ochwepheshe ngokuvamile basebenzisa igama elithi "ukucindezeleka") wegciwane le-poliomyelitis. Lokhu okushiwo ngenhla kusho ukuthi lokhu ukutheleleka kungathathwa bese kugula kanye, kodwa kathathu ngesikhathi sokuphila: ekugcineni kokuthola ukutheleleka, ukuzivikela kuyakhiwa kuphela kumgudu owodwa wegciwane, futhi umgomo uvikela wonke umuntu kuwo.
Ukuhlonza kahle
Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwe-poliomyelitis (isikhathi esivela ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane ekubukeni kwezimpawu zokuqala zomtholampilo) sithatha ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezingu-14. Futhi isibalo esiphezulu sibonakala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekwindla zakuqala. Ukutheleleka kuqala ngokugqamile futhi ekuqaleni kufana nomkhuhlane. Isithombe esivela kulesi sifo sibonakala kanje: ingane iphakamisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-38-39 ° C, liba lukhuni, lilahle ukudla, liqala ukukhala futhi likhwehle, likhale futhi libi, ngoba intamo yakhe ibuhlungu. Futhi uma lezi zibonakaliso zibuhlungu emathunjini kanye nesifo sohudo ejoyina (ukuthi, ngendlela, ihlangana njalo hhayi njalo), umama uqala ukucabanga, ukuthi ekukhulekeni ukutheleleka komzimba emathunjini. Ngandlela-thile, kuyiqiniso. Odokotela abagcini nje ukubhekisela ku-poliomyelitis ezifweni zezandla ezingcolile. Ukuqaphela amakhono okuhlanzeka ngokunciphisa amathuba okubamba. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-4-5, futhi ingane iba ngcono kakhulu. Kumuntu ongenalwazi uthola umbono wokuthi umntwana usephulile, kodwa empeleni isithombe esinjalo singabizwa ukuzola ngaphambi kwesiphepho. Isikhathi sokukhanya sithatha isonto, bese izinga lokushisa liphakama futhi, ngokukhubazeka kwemisipha ehlukahlukene ekhula, kaningi imilenze nezandla, kodwa imisipha yobuso, kanye nemisipha ye-intercostal kanye ne-diaphragm ingase ihlupheke - ezimweni ezinjalo ingane iba nzima ukuphefumula. Kuyaphazamisa kakhulu uma igciwane lithinta izikhungo zokuphefumula nezokuvuthwa: esimweni esinjalo, ukuphila kwe-hangum engobuhle ngokwemvelo. Kwezinye izimo, i-poliomyelitis ivela ngaphandle kokukhubazeka - ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi i-meningitis, futhi amafomu ayo alula kakhulu agxilile ngenxa yezikhuhlane noma ukutheleleka emathunjini: ukubonakaliswa okusobala kwalesi sifo akunakukwazi ukuqaphela. Zingozi kakhulu kwabanye, ngoba zifaka isandla ekusakazeni mahhala kwama-virus. Ukwelapha ingane elele nge-poliomyelitis kuyadingeka esibhedlela - idinga ukuphumula kombhede, ukuphumula okuphelele nokuqondiswa kwe-clock-clock of ochwepheshe. Umama kufanele abe nethemba lokuhle kakhulu: engxenyeni yamacala, njengoba ingane ithola, ukukhubazeka kwenzeka.
Eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwenza izinto zokuvuselela, ochwepheshe balinakekisa kakhulu ukusikhipha imithi kanye ne-physiotherapy, kanye nokuhlanza izidakamizwa kanye nokwelapha indawo yokusebenzisa indawo esetshenziselwa isihlabathi nesikebhe emadolobheni aseBerdyansk naseYevpatoria, kanye ne-radon ne-hydrogen sulfide (isibonelo, eSochi). Ukwelapha ingane kuyoba nokuphila kwakho konke, kodwa ukuphelelwa yithemba, awukwazi ukuyeka izandla zakho kunoma yikuphi. Noma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa kufanele kubonakale njengokunqoba lesi sifo, ngisho nencane kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - futhi leli bhizinisi aliyona ikusasa elide kangaka! - odokotela bazofunda ukulungisa "i-breakage" ebangelwa igciwane lesifo sofuba ema-neurons, okuyinto ezosindisa iziguli emiphumeleni yalesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi abe nethemba lokuhle futhi azame ukuqinisa le nkolelo kumntwana. Kumele, kuqala, kusuka kuMama!