Izibalo zokukhulelwa zakuqala
Iningi lalezi zikhukhukukhukhukukhukhuni ezikhukhumayo ngokuvamile azihlelekile. Ngakho-ke, izibalo ezidabukisayo zilandela: 70% yokukhulelwa azizalwanga, kuphelelwa ukukhipha isisu (okuvame kakhulu - ukuphela kwesikhathi, ngesikhathi sokugcina), 15% - ukukhulelwa kwamaphesenti, futhi kuphela 15% - ukubeletha. Futhi ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yezingane ezelwe izingane ezisencane zifaka umndeni, ezinye zihlale zingashiywe ezindlini zengane.
Yikuphi ukukhulelwa kubhekwa kuqala?
Ukukhulelwa kuthathwa ngokuthi "ekuqaleni" noma "kwentsha" uma kwenzeka kwentombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nambili kuya kwezingu-18 ubudala. Amantombazane kule minyaka ngokuvamile aqala ukuphila impilo esondelene nje kuphela ukuze abonakale "engekho nakakhulu kunabanye", futhi inkulumo-ze evamile yobulili akuyona indima yokugcina lapha. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ingane eyodwa kuphela kwezintathu zentsha yokusebenzisa ucansi isebenzisa ikhondomu ngesikhathi sokulala, enye ingxenye yesithathu - isebenzisa ukulala ngokocansi okuphazanyiswayo, kanti ezinye azivikelekile nhlobo. Cishe amaphesenti angu-5 ama-schoolgirl ahloliwe asevele ekhulelwe.
Iyini ingozi yokukhulelwa kwentsha?
I-Psychological Attect
Ngokuvamile intsha ayiqapheli ukukhulelwa esikhathini sokuqala. Bafunda ngesimo sabo ngokulibala okukhulu. Yiqiniso, ukusabela kokuqala kungumqondo wokuhlazeka, ukwesaba, ukushaqeka, inecala elikhulu, ukudideka. Intombazane ayifuni ukwamukela okwenzekile, isaba, iyathuthumela. Ngesikhathi esemncane, eqinisweni, esengumntwana, kunzima ukubhekana nenkinga yokucindezela kanye nohlangothi lwayo lomzwelo. Lapha kuncike ekutheni intsha isenzani nobungane bakhe nabazali bayo. Abanye bangena ekucindezelekeni okujulile, abanye - balindele uhlobo oluthile lwe "isimangaliso", lapho konke kuzokwenzelwa khona ngokwayo.
Le ntombazane ayikwazi ukuzikhethela ukuthi yenzeni ngalokhu ukukhulelwa. Ngaphambi kwalo kunombuzo onzima futhi owesabekayo wokukhetha - ukuphazamisa ukukhulelwa noma ukuwugcina? Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi nentombazane isencane ikhona umuntu oqonda, okwazi ukusekela nokusiza. Akusiyo njalo omunye wabazali (ngeshwa) - lokhu kungaba uthisha oyithandayo noma umama womngane wakho omkhulu. Omunye kufanele amsize ahlangabezane nokuphelelwa ithemba futhi athathe isinqumo somuntu omdala.
Isici sokuphila
Inkambo yokukhulelwa kwasebancane ayihlukanisi nanoma yiziphi amaphuzu avelele ekukhulelwe komuntu omdala. Futhi lena yingozi yakhe. Kukhona umkhuba olandelayo: omncani ubudala bomama ozayo, ingozi enkulu yezinkinga kanye nokutholakala kokukhubazeka kokubili umntwana kanye naye.
Ingozi yentombazane ekhulelwe:
1. Ukuba khona kwe-anemia (ukwehla kwe-hemoglobin egazini);
2. Ukushisa ngokweqile (ukwanda kwegazi);
3. Ekuseni futhi eyingozi kakhulu - i-toxicosis ephuzile;
4. Preeclampsia;
5. Ukungabi nesisindo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (ngenxa yokudla okungenamsoco, indlela yokuphila engafanele);
6. Isethulo se-placental (ngenxa yokuhluleka ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone);
7. Ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu;
8. Usongo lokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
9. Ukuba khona kwezinkinga ekubelethweni - ukuvinjelwa kwesisu, isidingo sesigaba se-caesarean (ngenxa yokunciphisa emitholampilo);
Ingozi yengane:
1. Ukuqala kokubeletha kwezingane (ukuzalwa kwangaphambili kwenzeka, kuphakama izingozi zezinkinga zokuzalwa ezingenayo imibono, ukuphefumula, ukugaya nokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile komzimba);
2. Isisindo esincane sesisana (2, 5-1, 5 kg);
3. Ukuba khona kwe-intrauterine hypoxia ye-fetus;
4. Ingozi yokulimala kokubeletha;
5. Ukungakwazi ukuncelisa isisu (ngenxa yokungabi nesisusa somama osemusha);
6. Usongo lokuguga ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Eziningi zalezi zinkinga zibangelwa ukuthi izingane ezisencane zihlala zingasemzimbeni, umzimba wabo awukwakhiwa ngokugcwele futhi awuzange uthuthuke kwizinga elidingekile. Ukuvame ukukhulelwa kaningi lapho uneminyaka engama-13-17 kuya kudlalwa, ukudla okulungile nokuziphatha akuqondakali, okuholela ezinkingeni zomama nengane.
Ubukhulu bezenhlalakahle
Intombazane ekhulelwe ivame ukubhekana nokukholelwa nokusola. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala uyesaba ukwamukela okwenzeka okokuqala kubazali bakhe, futhi uhlala yedwa nale nkinga. Ngenxa yokukhulelwa kokuqala, intombazane ngezinye izikhathi kufanele iphume esikoleni, ngaleyo ndlela iqede imfundo ezayo, amathuba okuzigcwalisa kanye nokusebenza.
Ukuvimbela izinkinga zokukhulelwa zisencane
Intombazane enezinsizwa ezikhulelwe inelungelo futhi liphoqelekile isikhundla sayo ukuthola usizo olufika ngesikhathi lwabachwepheshe (ukubhaliswa okuqala nomgogodlazi) nokusekela abanye (uyise wengane, izihlobo, odokotela, njll). Kuphela kuleli cala ithuba lokuthwala nokubeletha ingane enempilo landa kakhulu.
Futhi, ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingenzeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha kungukuthi kusengaphambili (amasonto amabili ngaphambi kosuku olulindelekile) ukufakela esibhedlela ingane yentombazane ekhulelwe emnyangweni wezokwelapha esibhedlela sendawo. Kuyoba khona inkambo yokwelapha okuqinisayo, kanti le ntombazane izothola usizo ngesikhathi esifanele uma kwenzeka ukuzalwa kuqala.
Ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa kokuqala
1. Ukugcina ubuhlobo bokuthembela nengane encane, efaka izingxoxo ezingenasisekelo ezinhlokweni "ezingavunyelwe",
2. Inhlangano yokufundisa ngezocansi ezinganeni esikoleni, ukubukela amabhayisikobho, ukuqhuba izinkulumo ngesihloko sokuphila ngokobulili, izindlela zokuvimbela kanye nokukhulelwa kokuqala,
3. Ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olugcwele nolwahlukene ngezindlela zanamuhla zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa (kudinga ukuzifundisela abazali ngokwabo).
Khumbula ukuthi intombazane isencane inamathuba onke okukhiqiza ingane enempilo. Indlela efanele yokuphila kanye nokuqaphela kokuqala kudokotela kuyisihluthulelo sokuxazulula ukuphumelela kokukhulelwa.