Ufuna ukuthi abazali bazwe kanjani kumntanakhe "umama" no "baba" abathandekayo! Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi uphuphuma ngamazwi liyizwi, ngisho noma labo abasondelene nabo kuphela abawaqonda.
"Izinyathelo zendlela ende"
Ukuze kube lula ekuhloleni izimpumelelo zengane, odokotela bahlukanisa unyaka wokuqala wokuphila ngezigaba ezine: kusukela ekuzaleni kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu, kusuka ku-4 kuya kweyisithupha, kusuka ku-7 kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye futhi kusukela ezinyangeni eziyishumi kuya ngonyaka. Kusukela ekubukeni kwentuthuko yenkulumo, okuqala kokubili kuyilungiselelo: ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhulumisana ngokomzwelo nomuntu omdala kukhula. Ngalesi sizathu, ukukhulumisana kwenkulumo kuzothuthuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezizayo.
Izinyanga ezintathu zokuqala
Ngokushesha ngemva kokubeletha, umntwana akanakho ikhono lokukhulumisana futhi ufisa ukuxhumana. Nokho, kancane kancane ujwayele ukuzwa ngesikhathi sokudla nokuvuka kwezwi elimnene nelomama. Kulokhu, ekuboneni kokuqala, ukukhulumisana okungaxhunywanga, amandla omlingo wokuxhumana nomama wengane ngokomzwelo asevele ekhona.
Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, umntwana uqala ukubamba ubuso bomama okwesikhashana. Ezinyangeni ezingu-1-2 uphendula ngokumomotheka ukuba akhulume naye futhi abukele ithoyizi elihambayo, alalele umsindo wakhe noma izwi lomuntu omdala.
Ezinyangeni eziyi-1-1,5 ingane iveza "ngenkuthalo" nezwi lakhe. Uma kuba nemisindo yokuqala kakhulu ngokuzumayo, amalaka (into efana "ki", "Gee"), manje uzothathelwa indawo umhlaba elibala omnandi futhi "ah-ah", "o-oh bo." Lezi zindlela zokuphendula ngezwi zibizwa ngokuthi ukuhamba.
Ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3, le ndoda encane ibonakala futhi ibonisa isidingo sokuxhumana: phakathi noxhumana nomuntu omdala, uhamba ngezandla ngemisipha kanye nemilenze, ehlabayo, enza imisindo ehlukahlukene. Ukusebenza okunjalo kwemishini kanye nokuphendula kwamazwi kuthiwa yi-"revitalization complex". Ukuba khona kwakhe kuyisibonakaliso esihle: nentuthuko yengane, konke kuhambisane!
Izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha
Ingane cishe nsuku zonke iyayithokozisa umndeni wayo ngempumelelo emisha: uhleka ngokukhululekile ekukhulumisaneni, evame ukumomotheka, uphendulela ikhanda lakhe emthonjeni wezwi bese uyithola ngamehlo akhe, uyaqaphela umama wakhe. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi eside uhlabelela: "al-le-e-ly-ay-ay" ... Lezi zivivinyo zomlomo zibizwa ngokuthi ipayipi.
Kuyizinyanga ezingu-4 ukubukeka kubonakala: i-kid isuka ekusebenziseni kwamakholomu ekukhulumeni kwezilimi ezihlanganisa umsindo ozwakalayo ozwakalayo. Ekuqaleni lokhu kuyi-syllables ehlukene kuphela: "ba", "ma", kodwa baphindaphindiwe izikhathi eziningi: "ma-ma", "ma-ma-ma", "ba-ba", "ba-ba-ba".
I-Lepet akuyona nje ukubonakaliswa kwengqondo enhle yengane (iphephile, inondliwa, iyomile futhi iyashisa), lokhu kubuye kube ukuqeqeshwa kwezixhobo zokukhuluma, zokuphefumulela nokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, ukubheka kufanele kugcinwe futhi kuthuthukiswe, ukufundisa ingane ukulingisa imisindo ehlukene kanye nenhlanganisela yomsindo. "Isifundo sokubambaza" sisebenzisa kangcono ihora ngemva kokuvuka kwengane.
Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu umntwana uyayibona izwi lomuntu othandekayo, uqonda intonation enesisa futhi eqinile, ubuso bomuntu omdala ojwayelekile futhi ongajwayelekile.
Uma uneminyaka eyizinyanga eziyisithupha, umntwana uqala ukusabela egameni lakhe. Ngaphezu kwemisindo ekukhulumisaneni, uhlanganisa ukumomotheka, ukuzwakala okuzwakalayo-okujabulisayo noma okucacile, mhlawumbe okuthukuthele. Ngakho-ke, inyane likhuluma "ngenkulumo" ngenjabulo futhi yena ngokwakhe ucela "ama-interlocutors".
Izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwengu-9
Izwe lomntwana liye landa kakhulu: amathuba akhe okuqonda kanye nobuhlobo nezihlobo zakhe ayaphumelela, futhi ukunyakaza okuzimele nezenzo ziba nzima nakakhulu. Manje omdala angatshela ingane ngezinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Nokho, akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu kuphela ngolimi lwemizwelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela entsha yokuxhumana-inkulumo iyadingeka. Ukukhulumisana okukhulumayo akukona nje ukubizwa kwengane yamagama, amagama, imisho yokuqala, kodwa nokuqonda inkulumo ebhekiswe kuyo.
Uma ukhuluma nomntwana, umuntu omdala udinga ukubiza izinto ngokucacile bese emnaka: "Nansi i-bunny," "Nansi indebe," "Thatha i-spoon, sizoyidla," njll. Igama elisha kufanele lihlukaniswe ngezwi, ume isikhashana bese uphinda isimo esifanayo izikhathi eziningana.
Ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-7 umntwana, ezwa igama elijwayelekile: "Uphi i-bunny?", "Uphi i-cup?" - uqala ukubheka into ngamehlo akhe. Ngezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, ngesicelo somuntu omdala, wenza imisebenzi efundiwe, isibonelo: "nginike ipeni", "ladushki", "okuhle", njll. Ngezinyanga ezingu-9 uyazi kahle igama lakhe bese ephendulela ukubiza.
Ezinyangeni eziyi-8,5-9,5 inyane aliphindaphindi nje kuphela amagama ajwayelekile nalawa ajwayelekile angawajwayele abantu abadala, kodwa futhi uzama ukulingisa amagama abo (ukukhulumisana okufakiwe). Angakwazi ukuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe umsindo, isilawuli.
Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-9 kuya ngonyaka
Lesi sikhathi yisikole sangempela sokukhulumisana ngamazwi. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-9-10 ingane ingabuyela wonke omdala wonke ama-syllables amasha. Ngezinyanga ezingu-10, ufunda, ngokucela komuntu omdala, ukuthi amthole futhi amnike izinto ezijwayele, udlala ngokuthokoza ngo "Soroka-Beloboku", "Ladushki".
Ama-syllables afakwe emathunjini omntwana, ngezinyanga ezingu-10-11, abe yingxenye yamazwi: "ma-ma-ma" - "umama", "ba-ba-ba" - "baba", "yebo-da-da" . Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ingane iphindaphinda umuntu omdala futhi yena ngokwakhe ubiza amagama angu-5-10.
Lawa magama alula kodwa, kodwa asho kakade imiqondo ethile: umama, ubaba, owesifazane, ks-ks, am-am, njll Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abadala balandele amagama alula ngegama elifanele lomlomo. Isibonelo, ukubonisa inja, kufanele uthi: "Inja, av-av" noma "Umshini, bi-bi."
Ukwenza ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi kwezwi nendaba, kubalulekile ukuhambisana nezenzo ezenziwe ngenkulumo. Isibonelo, ukukhombisa ingane ngesikhathi sokugqoka, ukugeza, ukudla izinto ezifanele nezenzo. Ungazama ukusebenzisa inkulumo yakhe ukuqondisa imisebenzi yakhe: cela ukuthi alethe noma athathe ithoyizi endaweni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane ikwazi ukusabela ngokufanelekile egameni elithi "hhayi" ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila: awukwazi ukuthatha ummese, uthinte ushisayo, njll.
Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo yezingane inzima. Kodwa usizo lwakho nokholo ekuphumeleleni kwengane ngokuqinisekile kuzomsiza ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila ukusho okufunayo kuwe negama elibalulekile, "Mama!"
U-OLGA STEPANOVA, uchwepheshe wezinkulumo, i-Cand. phuma. isayensi
krokha.ru