Iyiphi uhlelo lwamanzi?
Izinso, ureters, isambiso kanye ne-urethra (noma i-urethra) uhlelo lwe-urinary. Izinso zithatha isikhundla esiphambili - empeleni, ziyisihlungi. Ngesimiso se-capillaries kukhona ukuhlunga kwamanzi okuchithwa kuyo "kusetshenziswe" nezinto ezinobungozi. Izinso iyisitho esisebenzayo. Umkhakha wethonya labo emzimbeni womuntu awunqunyelwe ukuhlanganyela ebhalansi yamanzi yedwa. Ukukhuthazwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-erythrocyte, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yegazi, ukubamba iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni komzimba - yizinqubo zomhlaba jikelele ezingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kwezinso. Emanzini, umchamo uvela ezinsweni kuya esiqandisini. Ihliswa ngokusebenzisa i-urethra.
Yiziphi izici zezitho zomchamo ezinganeni?
Ezinsana nasezinsana kuze kube unyaka wezinso kusebenza kahle. Izingane zizwela kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, okungathinta umsebenzi wezinso. Lapho ukondla, umthwalo emalungeni omchamo uwanele, futhi isingeniso ekudleni kwengane yemikhiqizo engafanele iminyaka iyancintisana nomsebenzi wayo. Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala, izinso zisuke zibuthakathaka kakhulu (ngenxa ye-capsule fat engafakiwe), ukunyakaza okuzumayo (flip-flops) kungaholela ekwehleni kwabo.
Zikhona yini izifo zesimiso se-urinary ezinganeni?
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi imbangela yezifo eziningi zesifo sokuvuvukala yizibhaktheriya. Futhi i-hypothermia (jikelele noma yendawo) yenza njengesenzo esicasulayo. Ukutholakala kwenani elikhulu lama-bacterium emgodini we-urinary ligcwele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Futhi ukuqala akuyona isithiyo. Abasengozini kakhulu bangabantwana abanezinkinga ezingenasifo sokubeletha ekuthuthukiseni i-urinary tract. Umama kufanele aqaphele ukuxilongwa nokuvimbela lesi sifo lapho kwenzeka ukuthi i-ultrasound ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kwakukhona izinsolo zokungasebenzi kahle nge-urinary system ebusweni.
Izifo zezitho zomchamo ziboniswa kanjani?
Izifo zamalungu omchamo zinamakhemikhali athile. Okuyinhloko kuyisifo sokugula komchamo. Ungabona ukuthi ingane iqala ukugijima kaningi ebhodweni, kepha ivolumu yokuvuthwa incane. Noma isidalwa esincane ekuqaleni "sishaya" kancane emasenties bese kuphela ecela ibhodlela. I-crumb ingakhononda ubuhlungu lapho uchama. Kodwa indlela yokubhekana nengane? Ukunyuka kwamazinga okushisa ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kwe-catarrhal yisisusa sokuhlolwa komchamo. Kubalulekile ukuxwayiswa uma umbala we-urine ushintshile noma izindipho ezimanzi zinephunga elimnandi. Isifo sezinso (pyelonephritis) sihambisana nokudakwa ngokweqile. Ingane iyaba lukhuni futhi ibuhlungu, idonsa kabi noma inqabe ukudla nhlobo.
Yini "engayithandi" izitho zesistimu ye-urinary?
Umsebenzi wezinso uxhomeke ekuthwaleni kwamanzi. Futhi okungaqondakali kakhulu kwezingane ezincane ukulahlekelwa uketshezi. Umkhuhlane omkhulu, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, ukujuluka ngokweqile kungasongela izinga "lokuchelela". Ngalesi sizinda, izinso zingashiya ukusebenza. Ngakho-ke, unina udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane ithola amanzi awanele. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kumele kukhokhwe ekunceliseni ingane encane. Ukwedlula ukasawoti kanye namaprotheni kwenza umthwalo oweqile emaqabungeni amancane emfucumfucu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukhethe ngokucophelela ingxube yobisi ngeminyaka yobudala, futhi ugweme isingeniso esandulela ekudleni kwemikhiqizo yokusekelwa kwengane yakho kanye ne-broths ecebile.