Kodwa isivikelo somzimba sikamama sikhathele okwesikhashana - izinyanga ezimbalwa, okungenani unyaka, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokugula luhilelekile. Futhi-ke umzimba wezingane usulungele ukwakha umkhuhlane wabo wokuvikela futhi ukhiqize ama-antibodies awo ekuphenduleni imiphumela ye-antigen yangaphandle eyingozi. Imishanguzo yindlela elula yokuvikela izifo ezithathelwanayo, ezikhona emithi yokwelapha yanamuhla. Izifo ezithathelwanayo ziyi-virus (isibonelo, ukutheleleka kwe-rotavirus - "umkhuhlane wamathumbu", isirabhu, i-rubella, i-poliomyelitis) noma ama-bacteria (isifo sofuba, ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela, isifo se-tetanus). Umuthi wokugoma ungummeli we-pathogenic owehlisiwe noma obulawe noma okunye okufakelwayo. "Ufanisa" lesi sifo, kudala ikhophi encishisiwe. Kodwa into esemqoka ukuthi umuthi wokugoma udala ukusabela kwemvelo kwemvelo - ukwenziwa kwama-antibodies. Zihlala emzimbeni, zenze inkumbulo yayo ye-immunological. Ngenxa yokugonywa kokuvimbela, isifo se-ingulube sichithwe emhlabeni, izifo zesifo sofuba, i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, isisomungumungwane, iminyumba, i-rubella, i-hepatitis B nezinye izifo zinciphile kakhulu. Sicela uqaphele, izilwane ezifuywayo zingavunyelwe ukuba zithathwe emgwaqweni ize zithole inkambo yokugoma ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwazo. Ngakho-ke kungani sigombela abangane bethu abancane njalo futhi sihlola njalo lapho sithenga isilwane, siyagonywa, futhi siyenqaba ukugoma izingane zethu? Ukugoma kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyadingeka.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze unqume ukuthi uzogoma noma cha, kufanele futhi wazi ngesinye iphuzu lokubheka ngokugoma. Imishanguzo iyasivikela ezifweni ezibulalayo, kodwa zingabangela nokulimala okukhulu empilweni. Kufanele baphathwe ngokuqapha okukhulu futhi ngaphambi kokuba kugonywe udokotela. Ngombono wami, ayikho imishanguzo ephephile. Okokuqala, ukugoma kungukuphazamiseka okungokwemvelo nokuzivikela. Okwesibili, umgomo ngamunye uqukethe izinto ezinobungozi ezinobungozi. Ngokuvamile i-salts ye-mercury noma i-aluminium. Okwesithathu, ezinye izitofu ziqukethe amaseli omzimba wabantu, i. impahla yokukhipha. Umgomo wokulwa nomuthi we-rubella nesifo sofuzo esibhedlela A. Inkinga iphuthuma kakhulu, yokuziphatha. Ngemuva kokuvakashela udokotela wezingane, mbuze ngokuningiliziwe ngezifo ohlela ukuzithulisa umntwana ngazo, mayelana nemiphumela engenzeka, imiphumela kanye nemiphumela yesifo, uma ungagonyi ingane, futhi uyayifaka ngokuzumayo. Futhi futhi mayelana nezinga lokungenzeka kokuphendula emigumbini emithonjeni ngokwayo. Hlaziya ulwazi olutholiwe futhi wenze ukukhetha.
Ukugonywa kungaba yedwa (isibonelo, ngokumelene nesishukela, isifo sofuba) noma amaningi (isifo sofuba esibandayo se-B, i-polio, umgomo we-DTP ngokumelene ne-pertussis, i-diphtheria, i-tetanus). Ingabe ezinye izigciwane zingalimaza umzimba womntwana? Cha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuphila kwengane kathathu ngezinyanga eziyi-1.5 baqala ukugoma ngokumelene ne-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis ne-poliomyelitis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje umuthi wokugoma ongazange usebenze (usebulewe) usetshenziswe ngokumelene ne-poliomyelitis, okuphephile ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kokuguquka komkhuhlane, eziningi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zizwa kancane kancane, imisipha iyakwazi ukuphunga ngisho nomkhuhlane. Lena inguqulo esheshayo yesifo, esizosiza ukugwema isifo sezinkathi ezithile. Ezinye imishanguzo emva komjovo azizibopheli neze. Ukuphepheka kakhulu kubhekwa ukugoma ngokumelene nesifo sofuba B, esenzelwe izinsana ngisho nangosuku lokuqala lokuphila, uma kunengozi yokuthola igciwane kumama. Umgomo ngamunye, njenganoma imuphi umuthi, ungabangela ukusabela okuhlangene. Izinkinga zivela uma udokotela engacabangi ukuphikisana nokugoma. Isibonelo, iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa ngama-immunosuppressants akufanele zijojowe ngamabhaktheriya aphilayo. Ngokuvamile, izimo lapho imishanguzo iphikisana ngayo, ingahluka kakhulu: kusuka ku-ARI kuya ku-immunodeficiency. Kunoma yikuphi, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela. I-Immunologists isivele ikhathele ngokuzivikela ekumangaleleni ukuthi imishanguzo ngokwayo ibangela izinkinga. Izibalo zihlanganisa noma yiziphi izinguquko esimweni sezempilo kungakapheli inyanga ngemuva kokugoma. Futhi ngokuvamile azixhunyiwe nokugoma. Ngaphezu kokugunyazwa, kunezinamba eziningi ze-inoculations, ezenziwe ngezidingo ezimbi. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi imishanguzo iphikisana nabesifazane abakhulelwe, kepha uma inja ezayo ikalwe inja, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlole ngokugcwele futhi uthole ukugoma ngokumelene ne-rabies. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingozi yokugula akuyona nje umama, kodwa futhi ingane.
Enye inoculation for ezimbili
Odokotela bathi abesifazane abakhulelwe bafana neziguli ezinezinkinga ezingelapheki. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngemuva kokuba yonke imvelo yomama esikhathini esizayo isebenza kabili, ukulayisha okukhulu kuhla, kuhlanganise nokuzivikela emzimbeni. Noma yimuphi umjovo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kwenziwa ngokuqapha okukhulu, kunikezwa ukuthi lokhu kungathinta kanjani ingane. Kukhona ingozi, noma ngabe owesifazane wayegula okuthile ngezinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokukhulelwe. Ngakho-ke, imishanguzo yokulwa nokutheleleka kufanele ihlelwe kusengaphambili, ngokwenza ikhalenda yakho. Konke kuncike eminyakeni yobudala. Ngeminyaka engama-23-25 ​​owesifazane kufanele kakade abe nesethi egcwele yokugoma. Uma esekhulile, kuzodingeka uphinde usebenzise izijovo "ezinganeni" (rubella, inkukhu, isishubhu, i-parotitis, i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-hepatitis B, i-pneumococcus, i-hemophilia). Ingane izothola umkhuhlane womama futhi izovikelwa ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila. Kodwa kakade ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, imishanguzo yokuphila ayikwazi ukuphathwa, ngoba igciwane lingase ligazini lomntwana. Uma kunengozi ukuthi umama olindelekile athathe ukutheleleka, uthola umjovo we-immunoglobulins - lawa ma-antibodies alungile azovikela ngalesi sifo. Ezinyangeni zokugcina zokukhulelwa, ungasebenzisa umuthi wokugoma we-rubella uma owesifazane engakaguli ngaphambili. Lena umgomo wokuphila, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi igciwane ngeke lilimaze ingane. Ngaphandle kwekhadi lokugoma, ingane inganqatshelwa ukungena enkulisa. Ngokusemthethweni, kufanele abuyele enkulisa nasesikolweni. Kodwa-ke, eqinisweni kuyoba nezinkinga ngokuphathwa, ikakhulukazi sicabange ukuthi luhlobo luni lwemigqa esinayo emasontgartens. Ngakho-ke lungela noma yikuphi ukuguquka kwezenzakalo.
Ohambweni olude
Kodwa abahamba ngezinyawo ababhekwa njengeziguli ezingapheli, kodwa kufanele futhi banakekele ngokugoma ukugoma. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela ukuhamba emazweni angaphandle. Isibonelo, i-hepatitis A sekuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi i-inoculation, kepha lesi sifo sisatholakala emazweni afudumele, isibonelo, eTurkey, eGibhithe, eSpain, eCyprus. U-Willy-nilly uzozibuza ukuthi uzohamba nini ngesikhathi esilandelayo eholidini. Ukugonywa komkhuhlane we-typhoid wenziwa abavakashela emazweni asathuthuka eNyakatho Afrika, eNdiya, e-Asia Ephakathi. I-yellow fever ivame kakhulu e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika. Ukugonywa kwenziwa ngemva kwamasonto amabili ngaphambi kohambo, kwanele ukugoma kanye njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Okuvame kakhulu ukuthi i-encephalitis enikezwe isitifiketi ingatheleleka cishe yonke indawo: kusukela ku-Karelia kuya e-Urals neSiberia. Yiqiniso, esifundeni saseMoscow nasenkabeni yeRussia, umkhaza usuke ungakabanjwanga ngokwanele ukukhuluma ngesifo esiwumshayabhuqe. Kodwa uma uvame ukuya ehlathini, kungcono ukugonywa. Ikhodi ye-bird Flu H5N1 isalokhu izwa, kepha umgomo awukakhiwa okwamanje. Konke okusala kubahambi e-Asia ukugwema amapulazi ezinkukhu futhi uqaphele ukupheka inyama namaqanda. Manje siyazi ukuthi yikuphi ukugoma okubaluleke kakhulu kumntwana.