I-Avitaminosis yinkinga yokugula eyenzekayo lapho kungenwa amavithamini emzimbeni. Umuntu angabhekana nokuntuleka njengamavithamini owodwa (empeleni avitaminosis), futhi amavithamini amaningana (ngaleso sikhathi akhuluma nge-polyvitaminosis). Ngokuvamile lezi zimo ezinzima zenzeka kulabo bantu abaphoqelelwe noma nganoma iyiphi indlela bavimbela ngokucophelela ukudla kwabo. Njengoba ukuvinjelwa ekukhethweni kwezitsha ngandlela-thile kuhlale kukhona ngokuphathelene nokudla okunye, ake sizame ukubona ukuthi yini engozini yokuntuleka kwe-vitamin ekudleni kokudla nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani.
Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini ekudleni kuza njengengozi enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini ngayinye kubangela ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ukuntuleka kwevithamini C ekudleni kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesikhumba, umbono we-vitamin A - ukukhubazeka nokusebenza kokuzala, i-vitamin D - rickets, i-vitamin E - infertility kanye ne-dystrophy yemisipha. Njengoba ubona, i-avitaminosis yisimo esingokwemvelo esiyingozi, okwenzeka kuyo okufanele igwenywe.
Kubantu abaphila ngendlela enempilo, ezimweni eziningi, intshisekelo enkulu kakhulu yokudla okunomsoco, okuhloswe ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba esiningi. Abesifazane abaningi, njengoba bebuke ngetafula lekhalori lezidlo, bafisa ngangokunokwenzeka ukugwema ukufakwa kwemikhiqizo yokudla enamafutha ekudleni kwabo. Ingxenye yale ndlela iyilungile, ngoba amafutha anama-khalori amaningi kabili njengenani elilinganayo lama-carbohydrate noma amaprotheni. Ukunciphisa ukudla okudliwayo kwamafutha emenyu yansuku zonke, ungagwema ukudla kwamakhalori amaningi futhi ngaleyo ndlela udala ukungabi namandla emzimbeni. Futhi lokhu kuzosiza ekusetshenzisweni kwezicubu ezinamafutha ezikhona kanye nokulahlwa okusheshayo kwamakhilogremu "engeziwe".
Noma kunjalo, uyazi yini ukuthi kuyingozi ngani ukwenqaba ukudla amanoni? Kuvela ukuthi wonke amavithamini angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: incibilika emanzini ne-fat-soluble. Ngezinga eliphansi kakhulu lamafutha ekudleni nokudla okunomsoco, uzokwazi ukugwema ukudliwa kwamakhalori amaningi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uzokwethula umzimba wakho engozini yokuthuthukisa i-avitaminosis. Phela, amavithamini amanothi anamafutha (afaka amavithamini A, E, D) awakwazi ukungena emathinini omzimba ngokungabikho kwamafutha ekudleni okudliwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme ukutholakala kwevithamini, kubalulekile ukufaka ekudleni okungenani inani elincane lemikhiqizo enamafutha.
Esinye isimo esibalulekile, ukugcwaliseka kwalo okuyokusiza ukuba ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kokutholakala kwamavithamini ekudleni okunomsoco, kusho ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokudla yemifino. Iqiniso liwukuthi ezihlukahlukene izithelo nemifino ziqukethe ekubunjweni kwazo inani elikhulu lazo zonke amavithamini adingekayo (kokubili amanzi anomswakama angenawo umswakama). Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ingozi ye-avitaminosis, ukudla kwezitshalo nokudla okunomsoco kuzokusiza ekulahlekeni kwesisindo ngenxa yekhalori yabo ephansi kakhulu.
Ukugwema ubungozi bokutholakala kwamavithamini ngesikhathi sokudla okudlayo kuzosiza nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwesibindi (ingulube, inkukhu noma inyama yenkomo), njengoba lo mkhiqizo uqukethe amavithamini amaningi adingekayo emzimbeni womuntu.
Kusukela ekuhloleni kokuthuthukiswa kwe-avitaminosis, inkathi yasentwasahlobo iyingozi kakhulu, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umzimba wamavithamini usuvele usuphelile kusukela ehlobo eledlule noma ekwindla, futhi izithasiselo ezintsha zalezi zinto eziphilayo ezibonakalayo azibalulekanga kakhulu ngenxa yezinhlobo ezincane zemifino noma izithelo ekudleni kwethu. I-Aviaminosis kule nkathi ingasiza ekugwemeni izinkimbinkimbi ezakhiwe nge-multivitamin, ezifaka cishe zonke amavithamini abaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokulawulwa okungalawulwa kwezidakamizwa, enye ingozi kakhulu-kungenzeka ukuthi i-hypervitaminosis, eyimimoya yokugula, kodwa okuyizinto ezinokudla ngokweqile kwamavithamini. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa i-vitamin complexes kufanele kube ngokuhambisana neziyalezo ezifakiwe noma ngesisekelo sezincomo zodokotela oya khona.