Kwabaningi bethu igama elithi "ukugoma" lihlotshaniswa nezingane. Kodwa empeleni, kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abadala benze umuthi, njengabantwana. Izibalo zanamuhla ziqinisekisa lokhu. Njalo ngonyaka, amakhulu abantu abadala bafa ngezifo ezingavinjelwa ukugoma. Ikakhulukazi iphathelene nezifo ezinjenge-influenza, i-hepatitis A ne-B, ukutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal nezinye.
Ukuqapha okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe ohlelweni lokugoma. Ukugonywa ngalunye kunomnyaka wayo. Futhi ngaphambi kokukwenza, udokotela kufanele ahlole ngokucophelela isimo sakho sempilo ukuze agweme imiphumela engaba yingozi.
Ubani okufanele anakekele izifo?
Uma ungakaze ube nesimungumane, ama-mumps noma i-rubella, khona-ke kufanele nakanjani ugonywe ngalezi zifo ezibi kakhulu. Ukubomvu kuyingozi kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ngoba igciwane lesifo sifo sibe nomphumela we-teratogenic. Ngenxa yalokho, ingane ingaba nomntwana, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kombungu.
I-Parotita iyodingeka isatshwe ngaphezulu kwesigamu sabantu. Into yukuthi igciwane lesi sifo sithinta kabi isitho sangasese futhi singadala ngisho nasekufeni. Yingakho sekuyisikhathi sokunakekela impilo yakho nokugoma.
I-Hepatitis A iyingozi ngoba ithinta isibindi. Isibindi, njenge-nazyvestno, siwumzimba oyinhloko wokuxoshwa kwezinto zonke zobuthi nezinambuzane ezivela emvelweni emzimbeni wethu. Uma isibindi sithinteka yi-hepatitis, siyayeka ukusebenza. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, yenza ukugoma ngesikhathi esifanele ukulwa nesifo sofuba esibhedlela. Ngokukhethekile labo abathanda ukuhamba emazweni ashisayo noma labo abanesibindi buthakathaka ezinye izifo ezingelapheki bangengozi yokutheleleka ngegciwane. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis zithunyelwa ngegazi, ngakho-ke kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uqaphele ubuningi bamadivayisi wezokwelapha.
Inoculation ngokumelene nomkhuhlane
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, odokotela abaningi bebelokhu bephikisana ngokuthi ngabe bayothola yini umkhuhlane. Abanye bathi kuyadingeka, kanti abanye bayeluleka ukuyiyeka. Iyini inkinga?
Hhayi ngokuzwa, siyazi ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi izifo zengculaza ziphela enhlekeleleni. Ngokuqhubekayo, igciwane liyashintsha futhi imithi elwa namagciwane elula ngeke ikwazi ukubhekana nayo, ngakho labo ababuthakathaka, kufanelekile ukucabanga ngokugoma. Namuhla, umkhuhlane ungaholela ekufeni noma ezinkingeni ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene (inhliziyo, isibindi, izinso nokunye). Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, odokotela abathile bayeluleka ukugwema imithi yokugoma, njengoba kunezimo lapho isiguli esisemtholampilo sinomthelela omkhulu. Ngakho ubani okufanele alalele?
Into ewukuthi uma kukhona ukuqhuma okungazelelwe komkhuhlane omusha, ososayensi kufanele bahlakulele imishanguzo emisha ngesikhathi esifushane futhi asikho isikhathi sokucabangela izindlela eziqondene nomunye ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala ngemuva kokugonywa okusha, ukusabela okungahle kwenzeke kubantu. Kodwa ngisho nalezi zinkinga ezinganikeza ukugoma, ungahambi kunoma yikuphi ukuqhathaniswa nengozi ukuthi igciwane lithinta. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumafomu atypical and resistant drugs. Kusukela lapha kufika isiphetho esilula - ukugoma kufanele kwenziwe!
Okokuqala ekugonyeni umkhuhlane kumele badinga abantu asebekhulile nabesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye nalabo abanemindeni enezingane. Njengomthetho, la maqembu abantu asehlise amandla okuzivikela, ngakho-ke kukhona amathuba okubamba igciwane.
I-tetetus ne-diphtheria
Izifo ezinjengeTetanus kanye ne-diphtheria sekuphele isikhathi eside, ngenxa yokuvimbela okukhulu kokugoma. Lezigomo zenziwa ebuntwaneni. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-immunity yakuthola i-vdetstve, kubalulekile ngezinye izikhathi ukuqinisa. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, isimo somuntu omdala singenakuzivikela ekubhekaneni nesandulela ngculazi futhi siqala ukusabela kakhulu, kuze kube semphumela obulalayo. Ngakho-ke, njalo eminyakeni eyishumi kuyadingeka ukuba ugonyane ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokumelene ne-tetanus ne-diphtheria.
Ukutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal
Ukutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal kungakabangeli izifo eziwumshayabhuqe, okuzohlanganisa ukulimala okukhulu kwabantu. Kodwa umgomo olwa nalokhu ukutheleleka kufanele wenziwe, ngoba ngokuvamile kuholela ekufeni. Qinisekisa ukuthola i-inoculation ngokumelene ne-pneumococcus kubantu asebekhulile abafinyelele eminyakeni engu-65 ubudala, kanye nalabo abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza elinyanyiswe yizifo ezihlukahlukene ezingapheli nezihlala njalo.
I-Poliomyelitis
Lesi sifo siyingozi kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu: kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Kunemiphumela emibi: ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwegazi kanye nokukhubazeka, okuyinto yokuphila engashiya umuntu ekhubazekile futhi engenasici. Esikhathini esidlule, lesi sifo esibi sasihlangana njalo futhi sithatha isifo sezinga. Namuhla, ngenxa yokugoma okufika ngesikhathi, akuyona eyingozi kakhulu. Njengengane, ingane ngayinye inikezwa amaconsi amnyama awamvikela e-poliomyelitis empilweni. Kodwa ngisho phakathi kwabantu abadala kukhona amaqembu abantu abadinga ukwenza le inoculation futhi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amaqembu athile wezisebenzi zezempilo, kanye nalabo abavakashela amazwe lapho lesi sifo sisekhona.
Ukugonywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Kunesigaba esisodwa esithile sabantu abafake ukugoma okudingekayo. Lokhu kusebenza kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umzimba kufanele uthwale imithwalo enzima, ngakho-ke ukuzivikela komzimba kuyaphazamisa. Ngakho-ke, uma owesifazane egula ngenkathi ekhulelwe, ukuphulukiswa kwakhe kuzophuza. Abanye odokotela baphikisa ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukugoma. Ngempela, ngaphandle kwabo, lesi yisikhathi esinokwethenjelwa nesinzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezifundo ezehlukene zezokwelapha kanye nokuxhumana okungadingekile nenaliti, kukhona ingozi yokutheleleka ngegciwane lesifo sofuba (hepatitis C) bese kuthi ngamunye wethu acele umbuzo ngokushesha: ingabe kufanelekile ukwenza noma yimiphi imithi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi uma kunjalo, ngaleso sikhathi? Kulula kakhulu - udinga ukuhlela ukukhulelwa kwakho. Khona-ke ukugcwaliseka kungakulungela ukuzalwa kwengane.
Kukhona uhlelo olukhethekile, ngokusho ukuthi yiziphi abesifazane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa okulindelekile okugonywe. Amagciwane amaningi: kusuka ku-hepatitis, pox, rubella, i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-hepatitis. Ukugonywa okufika ngesikhathi ngeke kulimaze ingane noma umama. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, lona wesifazane uzozizwa evikelekile futhi evikelekile kulezi zifo eziyingozi.
Kodwa-ke, ezinye izitofu zivunyelwe ukuba zenziwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa kuphela kwi-trimester yesibili neyesithathu, uma zingenaso isongo esinamandla kumntwana. Uhlu lwamagciwane anjalo lubandakanya ukugoma ngokumelene ne-tetanus, i-diphtheria ne-pertussis.
Futhi imishanguzo eminingana eminingi
Uhlu lwamagciwane okugunyazwa luhlanganisa ukugoma komuntu we-papillomavirus. Ukugoma, njengombuso, kwenziwa ezinyathelweni ezintathu zabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala eyi-11 kuya kwengu-26. Uma unesifo sokuzivikela, kudingeka ukuthi ugonywe ngokumelene nenkukhu (inkukhu yezinkukhu). Abantu abadala abavame ukugula ngalesi sifo, kodwa uma lokhu kwenzeka, lesi sifo siyoba nzima kakhulu futhi sibe nemiphumela ehlukile.
Abantu asebekhulile abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu kufanele bahlolwe ngokumelene ne-herpes zoster. Lokhu ukutheleleka kunciphisa kakhulu ukuzivikela futhi kungabonakala lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisaphazamiseka. Ama-shingles nawo asongela labo, njengengane, babe ne-chickenpox, ngakho-ke ngokuvimbela, ungenza lokhu ku-inoculation esikhathini esingaphambilini.