Ama-gene nama-chromosomes adluliselwa kumntwana

Ngakho, ngenxa yobudala, kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-molecule ye-DNA, okuthiwa "izakhi zofuzo." Ukuxuba ama-genes omama nobaba kusukela ekubukeni kwezinto eziphilayo kungabhekwa njengokuhlolwa okuyingqayizivele kwezakhi zofuzo. Leli gama liyindlela yokuzalwa kwempilo entsha futhi yanikeza omunye wabachwepheshe abahamba phambili emkhakheni wezakhi zofuzo e-American American Plomin. Ku-biology, isakramente yokukhulelwa lingabhalwa ngesimo sefomula ethize, njengezakhi zofuzo kanye nama-chromosomes adluliselwa kumntwana: iqanda ngalinye kanye ne-spermatozoon ngayinye inenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yama-chromosomes angu-23. Ukubumbana ngamabili, ngezikhathi ezithile, ama-chromosomes omzali enza ikhodi ehlukile yofuzo lomuntu ozayo - i-genotype.

Iqiniso

Izingane zifana nabababa. Imvelo "yakhulelwa" ukuze lo muntu abone ngokushesha emntwaneni ngokwakhe kanye nesimo semvelo esakhiwe ngokushesha.


Kumama noma ubaba?

Ingane, njengomthetho, izuze umbala wamehlo walabo abazali, abavela kubo abamnyama. Isibonelo, umama onamabala obomvu kanye nobaba onamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ngabe ingane iyinkopi kaPapa, amehlo cishe ayoba nsundu.

Uma omunye wabazali enezinwele ezimhlophe, khona-ke ingane yokuqala, cishe, iyoba nama-curls.

Ingane yokuqala ngumfana? Khona-ke ngokuqinisekile uyoba njengomama ngosizo lwezakhi futhi ama-chromosomes adluliselwe kumntwana. Intombazane ingenxa kababa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, bathi: "Kuzojabula."

Ingqondo kanye nobuhlakani be-crumb ifa njengefa. Le ndlela yokugcina, ngendlela, iqinisekiswa yisayensi. Iqiniso liwukuthi izakhi zofuzo "eziphathekayo" ze-IQ ziphakathi kwe-chromosomes ye-X, leyo owesifazane enayo amabili (XX), namadoda anesinye (i-XY).

Uzalwe ngubaba ohlakaniphile, intombazane inethuba elingcono kakhulu lokubizwa ngokuthi owesifazane okhaliphile ohlakaniphileyo, kodwa endodaneni yomuntu oyinhlakanipho, imvelo ingase 'iphumule'.

I-Svetlogolovym "emama" i-kid izobe kuphela lapho kwenzeka ukuthi ama-blondes abe phakathi kwezihlobo zikayise.

Imikhuba elimazayo ibhalwe ngezinga lofuzo. Ukuxhomeka kotshwala kuhloswe yigesi elibhekene nokuhlanganiswa kwe-enzyme eyenza ukuphuza utshwala. Uma izakhi ziguqulwa, ke ingane yabazali abathanda ukuphuza, inesifiso sokudakwa ngokweqile.


Isici ngefa

Ukuthi umlingiswa uzuzwa njengegesi kanye nama-chromosomes adluliselwe kumntwana akakaqinisekiswa ngokwesayensi. Nakuba "isakhi sofuzo" esitholwa ososayensi eminyakeni embalwa edlule sesivele sinikeze umthombo wengxoxo enjalo. Kuyiqiniso, ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kuye kwabaphikisa. Kodwa nokho, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi amahemuhemu aseRussia ayeluleka, akhethe umkakhe, ukubheka uninazala. Uke usho kangaki, ubheka indodakazi: "Hhayi, inkani - konke kumkhulu!" Noma waphawula endodaneni: "O, lo mlingiswa ubaba." Yebo, konke lokhu kungabizwa ngokuthi yizindleko zokukhulisa. Iqiniso lokuthi ingane ikopisha ngokungazi kahle ukuziphatha kwabazali, ukuqaphela indlela abaziphatha ngayo esimweni esithile. Khona-ke uphinda lesi senzo ngezimo ezifanayo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ososayensi abasebenzisa ukucacisa i-genetic code yomuntu kakade basebenzise ukuthi amandla okuziphatha okuhloniphekayo noma okungahloniphi angama-34% angafani nathi ngokwezakhi zofuzo. Eminye yonke inqunywa imfundo kanye nemvelo. Futhi ngisho nokuzikhethela kobuchwepheshe, singama-40% anesibopho sokuhlanganiswa okuthile kwama-chromosomes. Okungenani, izimfanelo zobuholi ezimweni eziningi zizuzwe njengefa. Mhlawumbe, yingakho eRussia kwakukhona isimiso sokudluliselwa kwamandla obukhosi - kusuka kubababa kuya endodaneni.


"Akekho umama, akekho ubaba ..."

Ngempela, kwenzeka ukuthi indodana noma indodakazi akufani neze nabazali bayo. Bangakwazi ukuphinda kalula i-genotype yesihlobo esiseduze. Noma kude kakhulu. Futhi sekuyisikhathi eside usuvele ushiye kuleli zwe.

Ukufana komuntu ngokuvamile kuvame ukukhathaza uyise kakhulu. Tshela umyeni wakho othandekayo ukuthi ingane yakho injengomkhulu wakho-ugogo noma-futhi uzokuthula okwesikhashana.

Futhi ubuyekeze izithombe zezingane zomyeni wakhe, yena futhi uzobona: ukubukeka komntwana omdala kushintsha njalo futhi emva konyaka noma amabili imvuthuluka yakho ingabonakalisa izici zakho eziningi.

Geneticist and Ph.D., uDean Heimer, waqala ukubeka khona "isakhi sofuba" ngo-1993, futhi ngonyaka ka-2004 wabhala incwadi mayelana nokutholakala 'kwesigcawu sokholo kuNkulunkulu.'

Ososayensi baseBrithani bahlaziya umlingiswa wama-pair angu-609 amawele futhi kwaba ukuthi uma amakhono okuqhuba ibhizinisi lakho siqu, ukuxhumana nokuzibandakanya kwakuhlukile komunye wabafowenu, khona-ke bebekhona ngokulinganayo komunye. Ngisho nomkhuba onjengoba ufisa ukuhlala isikhathi eside phambi kwe-TV, 45% uzuzwe njengefa. Futhi mayelana "nesisindo se-genius" futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwayo, ngisho nokufakelwa kwayo, ososayensi sekuyisikhathi eside bephikisana ngokujulile ku-genotype yomuntu othile. Kulesi simo, indaba yezingxabano iyisici sokuziphatha, futhi akusikho ukucabanga kwezesayensi. Njengoba uSherlock Holmes esho njalo, ebuka izithombe ezivela embusweni waseBbaskerville: "Manje ningakholelwa emva kwalokhu ekuthumeni kwemiphefumulo!"


Okumnyama, futhi nemigqa

Ngekhulu le-19, i-telegonia yayithandwa. Inkolelo yokuthi ukubukeka kwemvuthuluka ayiphenduliwanga yizakhi zofuzo zikababa, kodwa ngumlingani wokuqala womama. Kwavela ngemuva kwecala ezweni lamahhashi.

Omunye umbelethi wanquma ukuwela idira ne-mare. Wayengafuni ukukhiqiza inzalo kumuntu ongaziwayo. Khona-ke lezi zilwane zazalwa zineziqeshana ze-zebra.