Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkinga ze-neurotransmitters
I-calcium ions isebenza ngama-vesicles (ama-vesicles amancane, ahlotshaniswe ngekhanda ephethe izakhi zamakhemikhali - ama-neurotransmitter) we-nerve edlulela enkundleni ye-presynaptic futhi ahlangane nalo, ekhulula igebe. Ama-molecule we-neurotransmitter adifise (ukungena). Ngemuva kokuxhumana kwe-neurotransmitter ene-receptor ethize embranini ye-postsynaptic, ikhishwa ngokushesha futhi isiphetho sayo esilandelayo iphindwe kabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ukuba ulibhubhise ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwesenzo se-enzyme esise-synaptic cleft, ngakolunye uhlangothi - ukubuyela emuva kufakwa ekuphelelweni kwe-presynaptic nokwakhiwa kwama-vesicles amasha. Le ndlela iqinisekisa isenzo esincane esifushane se-neurotransmitter emkhatsini we-molecule ye-receptor. Ezinye izidakamizwa ezivinjelwe, ezifana ne-cocaine, kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa, zivimbela i-neurotransmitter ukuba ingathathwa kabusha (uma kwenzeka i-dopamine cocaine). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi sokwenziwa kwalesi sigameko se-postsynaptic membrane receptors sinwetshwa isikhathi eside, okubangela umphumela onamandla kakhulu wokuvuselela.
Umsebenzi wemisipha
Ukulawulwa kwemisebenzi ye-muscle kwenziwa yizintambo zomzimba, ezisuka emthonjeni womgogodla bese ziphela ngehlangothini lwe-neuromuscular. Uma umfutho wezinzwa ufinyelela, i-acetylcholine ikhishwa ekupheleni kwezinzwa ze-neurotransmitter. Ingena emcimbini we-synaptic futhi ibophezela kulabo abamukela izicubu zomzimba. Lokhu kubangela ukuhlaselwa kwezenzo eziholela ekunciphiseni kwemisipha yomzimba. Ngakho-ke, isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko silawula ukuchotshozwa kwemisipha ethile nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Le ndlela igxila ekulawuleni ukuhamba okunzima okunjengokuthi, isibonelo, ukuhamba. Ubuchopho luyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu; i-neurons ngayinye isebenzisana nezinkulungwane zabanye abahlakazekile kuyo yonke isimiso sezinzwa. Njengoba izimvo zesibindi azifani namandla, imininingwane ebuchosheni ibhalwa ngesisekelo semvamisa yabo, okungukuthi, inani lezinyathelo ezenzelwe ukwenziwa ngomzuzwana liphawulekayo. Ngezinye izindlela, le khodi ifana nekhodi ye-Morse. Omunye wemisebenzi enzima kunazo zonke namuhla ebhekene nososayensi bezinzwa emhlabeni jikelele ngumzamo wokuqonda ukuthi lolu hlelo olulula kakhulu lokubhala ikhodi lusebenza kanjani ngempela; isibonelo ukuthi ungachaza kanjani imizwelo yomuntu lapho kufa isihlobo noma umngane noma ikhono lokuphonsa ibhola ngokunemba kangangokuthi uhlasele ibanga elide elingamamitha angu-20. Njengamanje, kubonakala ukuthi ulwazi aludluliswanga ngokulinganayo kusuka kwesinye isisindo selinye kuya kwesinye. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-neuron eyodwa ingayibona ngesikhathi esisodwa izibonakaliso zamagciwane (le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-convergence) futhi ikwazi futhi ukuphazamisa inani elikhulu lamaseli wegazi, ukuhlukana.
Ama-Synapses
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-synapses: kwezinye, ukusebenza kwe-neuron postsynaptic kwenzeka, kwezinye - ukuvimbela kwayo (ngokuyinhloko kuxhomeke kuhlobo lomthumeli olukhishwe). I-neuron ikhipha umfutho wesibindi lapho inani lezinyathelo ezikhuthazayo lidlula inani lezinto ezivimbelayo.
Amandla we-synapses
I-neuron ngayinye ithola inani elikhulu kokubili okuthakazelisayo nokuvimbela ukuvimbela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-synapse ngayinye inomthelela omkhulu noma omncane kumathuba okuba khona okwenzekayo. I-synapses enethonya elikhulu kunazo zonke ngokuvamile itholakala eduze nendawo ye-nerve impulse emzimbeni wesiguli sezinzwa.