Ukuphakamisa ukuzwela kwesikhumba, okuphansi kungumngcele wokubekezelelana kwayo. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yisiphi isikhumba noma ukusabela okwe-allergen, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe (isazi, isazi samakhemikhali noma i-cosmetologist). Akudingekile ukuhlobanisa uhlobo lwesikhumba somuntu kanye nezimbangela zokubukeka, izinga lokuzwela kanye nesimo sesikhumba sonke, yonke yale mingcele ingaba ngabanye. Zonke izinhlobo zesikhumba azivikelekile kule nkinga, kodwa ngayinye yazo inokuzwela ngendlela yayo. Inkinga yokuzwela kwesikhumba iyafundiswa kakhulu, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezithonya ukubukeka kwayo.
Zonke izizathu eziyinhloko zingahle zihlukaniswe ngokomzimba zibe izinhlobo ezintathu:
- I-endogenous - ehlotshaniswa nokuhlelwa kwezakhi zofuzo;
- Okungafani - okuvela ngesikhathi sokuhamba;
- Ixubile - inhlanganisela yezinto ezimbili ezedlule.
Uma kwenzeka izimbangela zokuzwela kwesikhumba zingavamile, lokhu kungenxa yokungalingani noma umphumela wezinto ezilimazayo, ngenxa yemiphumela yengqondo njengokucindezeleka, ukukhathala; somatic - isifo, noma yangaphandle - isimo esibi semvelo, isimo sezulu, ukungezwani komzimba.
Isikhumba esiye saboniswa ngemiphumela yokuziqhenya ngokweqile, isibonelo ngesikhathi sokukhipha amakhemikhali, kungase kube nokuzwela.
Esigungwini saseFrance se-Epidermal and Research Sensory and Research (CE.RIES), ngesikhathi socwaningo, ukuxhumana kwatholakala phakathi kokuzwela kwesikhumba kanye nezinto ezifana nokuphila kanye nezimo zemvelo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukudeleka kwelanga eside kakhulu kungathinta isikhumba esibucayi. Isibonakaliso sesikhumba esibucayi kaningi kubomvu, ukuzwa ukugubha noma ukuvutha, kanye nokomile okwandisiwe kwesikhumba. Isikhumba esinjalo singasabela ezindleleni zokuzithokozisa zokunakekelwa komzimba noma izimonyo zokuhlobisa. Lapho kuqhutshwa ucwaningo lwabesifazane eYurophu, ababalelwa ku-60% abaphendulile bathi bacabanga ukuthi isikhumba sabo sibucayi futhi ama-5-10% azokwazi ukubiza imbangela yalesi simo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani izici ezivelele (ukucindezeleka, isimo esibi sezemvelo, njll) nokwanda kwenani labesifazane abane "isikhumba esibucayi se-syndrome", esingakaqiniseki. Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu kubunzima bokuphila obuvela emphakathini wanamuhla
Inombolo yabesifazane abanesikhumba esibucayi inkulu ngokwanele, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi simo singathinta noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unjani isikhumba.
Amazinga ahlukene wokuzwela
Kunezigaba eziningana zokuzwela, ezingahluka ngokuya komuntu ngokwakhe noma isikhathi sonyaka. Ukuziqhenya kwesakhiwo sesikhumba kungathinta ukubonakala kokubonakala komzwelo. Ezinye izinto zingenza ngcono le nqubo, ngakho ukukhanya okukhanyayo, isikhumba esincane noma esomile sithandwa kakhulu. Isikhumba esincane kakhulu futhi esilula kakhulu - siyizwela kakhulu, uma siqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zesikhumba, ngenxa yokuthi yiyona enhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke, okungenani kuvikelwe.
1. Isikhumba esizwelayo
Isikhumba esibucayi sichazwa kakhulu ezintweni zangaphandle. Kubonakala ngomzwelo we-tightness, itching noma ukukhipha. Ngesikhumba esinjalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha ngokunakekela izindlela zokunakekelwa, ngoba zingabangela ukuwohloka kwesimo, okuzokwenza kube lula nakakhulu.
2. Isikhumba esiphezulu noma esicasulayo (esikhulelwe)
Kubuhlungu isikhumba esibucayi. Izinto ezithonya ukutholakala kwesimo esinjalo zingase zihluke, isibonelo, umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini, wezokwelapha noma wamakhemikhali. Njengomthetho, isikhumba siphenduka nge-reddening, roughness, dryness noma izindawo ze-scaly, ukuthinta isikhumba esinjalo kungaba mnandi noma kubuhlungu. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa njalo ukunakekelwa kokubuyisela nokusetshenziswa kokunciphisa, ukuvuselela nokubuyisela ama-agent.
3. Isikhumba esisebenzayo
Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu, elibonisa ubuzwe besikhumba. Isikhumba esinjalo asikwazi ukubona lutho, futhi sithinta kunoma iyiphi into ecasulayo. Kulesi simo, kuyadingeka ukuba ulandele ngokuqinile izincomo zikadokotela, kufaka phakathi ekukhetheni kokuhlanza kanye nezindlela zokukhathalela.
4. I-Rosacea
I-Rosacea yinkinga yesikhumba, ibonakaliswe njengomphumela wokungasebenzi kahle, futhi iholele ekunciphiseni izitsha. Kungacasulwa yizinto ezihlukahlukene (isimo sezulu noma esingapheliyo) futhi sihambisane nokuzwa okuvuthayo. Isikhumba esinjalo siseduze nobuzwe. Isici sesibonakaliso se-rosacea esikhumbeni kukhona izindawo ezibomvu noma izitsha zegazi ezibizwa. Isikhumba esibucayi sidinga ukunakekelwa okufanele. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthola izimbangela zokuzwela kwesikhumba, ukuze kuqedwe izici ezibangele lesi simo. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhetha ngokucophelela imikhiqizo yezimonyo ukuze uphathe inkinga ukuze umise ukwanda kwezinga lokuzwela kwesikhumba. Uma kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa emva kokuqala ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa awuboni ukuthuthuka, kufanelekile ukubonisana nodokotela noma dermatologist. Indlela yokuphila enempilo kusiza ukudala umphumela omuhle esikhumba esibucayi. Imiphumela ebulalayo esikhumbeni sakho ingahlala isikhathi eside ilanga noma kubanda, umoya oqinile, utshwala, ukubhema. Futhi, kubalulekile ukugwema ukwenza izinqubo ezifana nokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali noma imiphumela yesikhumba esinamandla yemikhiqizo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-retinol.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesikhumba ukuvikela ngokumelene nemiphumela emibi yezinto ezilimazayo, okuyinto impendulo kumthelela wansuku zonke wemvelo.
Uma kuhlaziywa le ndlela yokuzivikela, kutholakala ukuthi izinga lokuqala lokuvikela liyingqimba elincane elingaphansi komhlaba (noma libizwa nangokuthi i-stratum corneum), engabonakala njengezicubu "ezifanelekayo". Lapha, ukugeleza kuhlungwa ngendlela eyodwa futhi umswakama ugcinwa - ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaleyo ndlela ulawula ukuphela kwamanzi esikhumbeni. Lolu ungqimba lubandakanya ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana anoketshezi, kodwa lusebenza kakhulu, luqukethe okuthiwa izithunywa, okuvumela ukulawula inqubo yokuvuselela i-epidermis evela ngezansi. Ngaphansi kwezingqimba zomzimba yizingqamuzana ze-basal zezingqamuzana ze-epidermis ne-Langerhans (ama-macrophage we-dermis), awaziwa ngokuthi "i-watchdog" amaseli. Bamba noma yikuphi umzimba ongaphandle ongangena esikhunjeni, bese unikezela isignali kuma-lymphocytes ukuze awubhubhise. Ukuphendula okunjalo isikhumba kungabangela ubuhlungu kanye / noma ukucasula esikhumbeni.
Ngakho, isikhumba siphenduka kukho konke:
- Uma kwenzeka umonakalo, "uphendukela" kumaseli ase-basal, okuthinta ukubuyiselwa kwe-epidermis.
- Njengoba ilanga elijulile, isikhumba sivikelwe ama-melanocytes, akwazi ukukhiqiza i-melenin, evikela amangqamuzana ase-basal angasebenzi.
- Uma ikhubazekile, i-fibroblast iqala ukukhiqiza ama-collagen ne-elastin fibers.
- Ukuze uvimbele ukushisa, isikhumba siqala ukuthuthukisa ukujuluka.
- Uma i-supercooled, yenza "ama-reserves" wamafutha.
Kuzo zonke ezingenhla, kungaphetha ngokuthi ukulingana kwalesi simiso kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngisho nokuhluleka okuncane kungabangela imiphumela embi. Isikhumba esicabangelayo noma esisebenzayo siwumphumela wokungasebenzi. Le nkinga iqhutshwa phambili yiqiniso lokuthi, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, zonke izimo zokweluleka kwesikhumba zihlukile kumatrix asebenzayo. Icala elibi kakhulu le ukungalingani i-psoriasis. Lesi simo esingalungile sesikhumba sibonakala ngendlela esheshayo yokuvuselelwa kwe-epidermis (izinsuku ezingu-3 kunamaviki amathathu avamile), lokhu kuholela "ebuqilini" obungunaphakade noma isimo sesikhumba esisebenzayo, esibangela imiphumela ebuhlungu.
Izentuthuko zakamuva emkhakheni wokunakekela isikhumba esibucayi
I-Laboratory Research kanye ne-IFREMER (i-French Institute for Marine Resources Research and Exploitation) ekucwaningeni okuhlangene bathole ingxenye esebenzayo ngenomphumela wokunciphisa futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kabusha kwamaseli avela ekuphenduleni izinto zangaphandle. Konke lokhu kwathokoza ngenxa yocwaningo olusanda kusungulwa kolwandle ngosizo lwemishini entsha, edlula ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-2 500. Ekujuleni okukhulu, ukugcina ubumnyama obuphelele, ngo-550 m kukhona cishe akukho ukukhanya, futhi ukukhanya okuncane, impilo encane. Ngakho-ke, ukuphila okusekelwe ku-photosynthesis akunakwenzeka lapha. Ngo-1977, ososayensi bahlolisisa iziQhingi zaseGalapagos, okwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukutholakala okungavamile okwenyusa imingcele yokuphila emhlabeni. EPacific ngezinto eziphilayo ezingaba ngu-2 500 m eziphilayo, ezizungezwe yizilwane ezicebile, ezakhiwe ama-mollusks nama-crustaceans, ziqoqwe ndawonye phakathi nhlobo lwe-oasis. Ukuba khona kwalesi sizwe sezilwane kugxile emithonjeni efudumele e-hydrothermal ebizwa ngokuthi "abamnyama ababhemayo," futhi okufana ne-chimneys. Isisekelo salo mthombo ngamanzi asolwandle, ahamba ngezintambo zeziphambeko eziqondisa ukugeleza kwawo emhlabathini we-crust eseduze nomlingo.
Lomfudlana we-hydrothermal uphethwe ukushisa okungaphezu kuka-400 ° C futhi uphakamise phezulu ocean. Ukuphila kugxila lapho kungabikho khona lo mthombo wamandla, ovela ezinhlobonhlobo zamafomu ezinhlobonhlobo eziyinqaba. Yingakho lezi zindawo zibizwa ngokuthi "iPharadesi Gardens". Kodwa uma "ababhemayo abamnyama" boma, khona-ke inyamazane ecebile iqala ukufa, ishiya ihlane elimhlophe elingenampilo kuphela.
Ngo-1987, i-IFREMER yaqoqa iqoqo eliyingqayizivele lempilo ephilayo. Ososayensi bakwazi ukuhlukanisa imfihlakalo yomjikelezo wabo wokuphila, ngokuyinhloko kwi-chemosynthesis (ukuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo ezivela kubhaktheriya engakahleleki), okwaholela ekutholakaleni kwesinye sezixhumanisi zokuqala ekuthuthukiseni ukuphila komhlaba ... Uma ufunda enye yezinyunyana, intsha isakhi esisebenzayo nge amakhono amangazayo okujwayela ukujwayela nokuqina, ekubeni ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zokuba khona. Lezi zosayensi zokutholwa zaqala ukubhekwa njengethuba lokusebenzisa ingxenye eholela ekunakekeleni isikhumba esibucayi.