Yiziphi amakhono ezimoto ezimnandi?
Amakhono amakhono emoto ayingxenye yezenzo ezididiyelwe zezinsizwa, amathambo nezinhlelo zezinzwa zomuntu, ngokuvamile ezihambisana nesistimu ebonakalayo ekwenzeni ukuhamba okuncane, okuqondile ngezandla neminwe nezinzwane. Ngokuvamile, igama elithi "amakhono emoto amnandi", igama elithi "dexterity" lisetshenzisiwe.
Indima yamathoyizi ekuthuthukiseni amakhono amancane emoto kubantwana ukusheshisa, nokuthuthukisa lekhono ekuthuthukiseni ingane.
Ososayensi bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zendawo yonke yomshini wokucubungula kobuchopho uhlala ngokubheka kwesandla, esitholakala eduze kwendawo yokukhuluma. Kusukela kulokhu kulandela isiphetho esilandelayo: ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo yengane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emoto amnandi yizinqubo ezimbili ezihlangene, ezingenakuhlukaniswa. Ngizophinde ngiqaphele ukuthi emkhakheni wezimoto ezinhle zezithuthuthu kukhona izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuhamba. Lezi zenzo zokuqala, ezifana nokuthunjwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, lezi yizinyathelo ezincane kakhulu, ngekhwalithi yokubhala ngesandla yomuntu kuxhomeke kuyo. Ukuzibona kungenye yezibonelo ezithinta kakhulu zamakhono emoto.
Kuthuthukiswa kanjani amakhono amamoto amahle?
Inqubo yentuthuko yamakhono emihle emotweni ivela ngokwemvelo, ngokwemvelo ngesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono omuntu jikelele womuntu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emoto kuhamba ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, kuqala ngokubamba into enesandla sonke, ngakho-ke kuthuthukiswa ngenkathi kuguqulwa into ngesandla, kanti nangeminyaka emibili ingane ingakwazi ukubamba ngokucophelela i-spoon ne-brush, kodwa futhi idwebe. Inqubo yokuthuthukisa amakhono emoto kwenzeka ngenjabulo esikoleni samabanga asenkulisa nasesikoleni sokuqala. Ingane kaningi ikwenza izenzo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga izenzo ezididiyelwe zombili izandla.
Yini eyenza inqubo yokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono amakhono emoto?
Izazi zengqondo nabafundisi batusa ukuqala ukuthuthukisa amakhono amakhono omntwana kusukela eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ngokuqeqesha okusebenzayo iminwe yengane. Yini eyenza ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono amancane emoto wengane?
Kunezindlela eziningana eziphumelelayo zokuthuthukisa amakhono amakhono emoto:
- imidlalo enezinto ezincane (i-mosaic, i-puzzle, ubuhlalu, abaklami, njll);
- imidlalo yomunwe;
- ukufanisa;
- ukusikhipha iminwe nezandla.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amathoyizi ahlukahlukene ezemfundo azoba umsizi omuhle ekuthuthukiseni amakhono emoto amnandi, abaningi abazali abakwazi ukuzikhiqiza.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamathoyizi ekuthuthukiseni amakhono amancane emoto kubantwana
Ake sihlaziye amathoyizi ahlukahlukene anikezwa emakethe yanamuhla yezingane zamathoyizi, okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emihle emotweni kubantwana beminyaka esemncane.
Izindandatho
Ukubhebhezela amabhasi, noma amamithi, ukuhlalisa ubuhlalu - akuyona nje impahla yokugqoka yomama onesihlengikazi, kodwa kuzo zonke izici ithoyizi lezemfundo elibalulekile lomntwana, kusukela ekuzalweni. Bonke omama abahlengikazi bayazi ukuthi izingane ziyakuthanda kakhulu into ethi "yinkinga" ezandleni zabo ezincane. Ngakho kungani i-karapuza encane "ingenangqondo" yokuthola izinto ezinjalo ezimfashini zomama wanamuhla - neminwe iyasiza, futhi umama kulula. AmaMama abondliwa noma abondliwe bazoqonda ukuthi ngithini.
Amathoyizi we-Lacing
Ukukhishwa okulula kunazo zonke izingane ezineminyaka eyodwa kuya komunye nengxenye. Esikhathini sefomu lezemidlalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono amakhono emoto kwenziwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukulungiswa kancane kancane kwengane ngokubhala. I-Lacing ikuvumela ukuba uvele nemidlalo eminingi. Lokhu kushayela ngokuqondile, kanye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa izakhi zoku- "ukuphoqa" emidlalweni yokudlala indaba noma ukufunda imibala eyisisekelo. Imidlalo ye-Lacing iklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa amakhono emoto amnandi, ama-assiduity neso. Phakathi nomdlalo, ukuxhumana kokunyakaza nokuguquguquka kwezandla kuyathuthukiswa. "I-Laces" ibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwamakhono amakhono emoto, ukucabanga okunengqondo, inkulumo, futhi ngenxa yalokho - kushukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho zokukhuluma (izinsimbi zokukhuluma).
Amapiramidi ahlukahlukene ngokhuni
Ngangihlale ngimangalisa umyeni wami ngokuthenga enye ipiramidi ngendwangu yendodakazi yami. Imisindo yokuchaza ilula: "Le mibhoshongo ayilula, lezi ziyizinyathelo zokuthuthukisa, kokubili ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono amakhono emoto kanye nokucabanga okunengqondo kwengane." Yimiphi imibhoshongo yanamuhla?
I-pyramid ingenye yezinyathelo ezisemqoka zokuthuthukiswa kwengane yomntwana ekupheleni kokuqala, kweyesibili nowesithathu yokuphila. Le ithoyizi iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhono amamoto amahle, ukucabanga okunengqondo, ukuqonda ubuciko obusha, ubujamo obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu, nemibala. I-pyramid iphinde ibe ngumklami wendawo yonke oyithakazelisayo. Le phiramidi, eyenziwe ngamapulangwe, ithwala ngokwayo amandla okudlala ithoyizi lezinkuni. Izinto ze-phiramidi zikanokubamba, ngoba zihlala zifudumele kulokhu okuthinta, futhi ubuso obanzi buqala ukuzwela okuthinta ingane.
Kukhona amaphiramidi ahlukahlukene anezinga eliyinkimbinkimbi yokwehluleka. Ngomncinyane, udinga ukuthenga ipiramidi ngenani elincane lamasongo. Ngemva kweminyaka eyodwa nengxenye, ingane iqala kancane kancane ukuqonda umqondo wesayizi, ngakho uqoqa le piramidi ngokulandelana okulungile kwamasongo. Kuzingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zemipiramidi ziyadalwa, okubizwa ngokuthi amapuzzram puzzles. Ziyi-podstavki enezinduku eziningana zobujamo obuhlukahlukene be-geometric, okudingeka ukuthi usebenzise izintambo ezifanele kahle.
Cubes
Lokhu ithoyizi ivela empilweni yomntwana kusukela esemncane. Ngosizo lwezingodo zamapulangwe noma epulasitiki kunokwenzeka ukwakha imibhoshongo, ukwakha izindlu nezindlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-cubes enkuni anezithombe kubo (isibonelo, imifino, izilwane ezifuywayo, amaqhawe ezintandokazi) athengiswa, ngenxa yokuthi umdlalo wamagobhu uhamba ekuqoqeni izithombe. Lokhu akukona nje ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono amakhono omgwaqo nokucabanga kwendawo, kodwa futhi nokuthuthukiswa kokunakwa kanye nokucabanga.
Abakhi
Ukuklama kwamahhala kuyindlela elula yokuthuthukisa ukucabanga kwendawo yengane, amakhono emoto, izidingo zokudala kanye nezenzo ezingenakuphikisana. Ngakho-ke, umakhi wokuqala, okuyinto ingane yakho eyohlangana, kufanele ngempela imithi. Imininingwane yezinkuni zomklami inhle kakhulu ukubamba futhi ihamba ngezinga elincane, futhi hhayi kuphela, ilawula. Ukusikhipha okunjalo kwezandla kunomphumela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni ukuthintwa kwamakhono kanye namakhono amahle amakhono, futhi kuyasiza empilweni. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imboni yanamuhla yabakhiqizi bezinto ezivela ezinkantini zanamuhla azizange zikhule, umklami owenziwe ngokhuni uyohlale ehlala endaweni efanelekayo phakathi kwabo. Amathoyizi anjalo anconywa yizingqondo zezingane zengqondo kanye nothisha njengomklami wezingane zokuqala.
Amafreyimu nokufaka
Amapuzzni ezinkuni, noma ama-frame-liners, abambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwamakhono amakhono amakhono, ukuzimela, ukunaka, ukuqonda umbala, ukuqonda okuphelele kwendaba, ukucabanga okunengqondo nokuhambisana kwengane. Ngokokuqala ngqa uhlaka olunjalo lwalusetshenziswa nguMaria Montessori. Umdlalo usekelwe ekuqhathaniseni izimbobo ezisefreyini kanye ne-liner. Umphumela jikelele ungaba olula njengezibalo ezifakiwe, nezinhlobonhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kukhona kokubili uhlaka oluhle-ukufakwa kwezinto ezincane kakhulu, futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi kubantwana abadala.
Amanani kumagnet
Ingqikithi yesiqandisisi "insimu yesenzo" emangalisayo kumcwaningi omncane. Njengoba usithenge ingane yakho ngombukiso wamagnetic, ngeke uthathe isifundo esiwusizo kuphela, uzoba nesikhathi sokupheka ukudla, kodwa uzophinde uhambisane nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono amancane amamoto, ukubambisana kokuhamba kanye nokucabanga kwendawo. Futhi iphutha lomntwana lizosiza ukwembulwa izibalo ezihlukahlukene ngendlela yezinhlamvu ezinemibala, izinombolo kanye nezibalo ze-geometric.
Ipulasitiki noma inhlama yokufanisa
Ngosizo lwe-plastiki, ingane ayizibonakali nje ngekhono, kodwa futhi iveza ukuguquguquka nokuhamba kweminwe yakhe, okuyiyo eyenza inkulumo ibe ngcono. Ngokwemvelo, izingane ezincane azikhuthazwa ukuba zinike ubumba oluvamile. Ngakho-ke, okomncane kunabo bonke, kusukela ekuqaleni komunye nengxenye kuya eminyakeni emibili, wathengisa ubumba olukhethekile emitini, okuthiwa "inhlama yokufanisa". I-plasticine edlala kahle i-plasticine Play-Doh i-Hasbro. Uhlezi kahle, akaphazi izandla zengane, akanamathele ezandleni zakhe futhi ukhulula injabulo enkulu hhayi kubafana abancane kuphela, kodwa nakwabantu abadala. Futhi uma kungazelelwe ingane yakho inqume ukuzama "ubumba obumnandi" ukuze kunambitheke, khona-ke ukunambitheka kwakhe okusawoti akumele kwenzeke kuye. Ngakho konke kukhonjisiwe!
Abalingisi be-Cubes
I-Cube-brand - ithoyizi elihle lokuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwemvuthuluka yakho. Umntanakho ufunda ukuthatha izibalo ngokuma futhi uwafake emigodini ehambelanayo. Ngenxa yemisebenzi enjalo, i-kid iveza amakhono emoto amnandi eminwe, futhi ijwayele izibalo ezihlukahlukene zejometri nemibala ehlukene. Awuwona umsebenzi othakazelisayo!
Amabhodi e-Siegen
Amapulangwe aseSeguin ayizithombe ezidibeneyo, lezi zingamapulangwe ezinkuni ezinezinsimbi, lapho izinto eziphilayo eziphilayo noma ezingezona eziphilayo zivezwa khona. Izingane kufanele zivale ibhodi ngezinhlaka ezizimele, ukhethe ingxenye edingekayo ekudwebeni nasayizi. Lo mdlalo unomthelela ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo, ingqondo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo, amakhono amakhono okuhamba kahle, kanye nokuqonda kwendawo yengane.
Ama-puzzle
Ukuqoqa izithombe ezimibalabala, i-kid ayikwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhono amakhono kuphela, kepha nokulalela, ukuhlakanipha, ukucabanga okunengqondo, ukuxhumanisa umsebenzi wezandla nezandla.
UMose
Amageyimu anezinhlobonhlobo zemisindo ehlukene ekwenzeni ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono amakhono emoto, ubuhlakani kanye namakhono okudala wengane. Itheyishini enjalo yokufundisa ingathengwa ngumntwana, ngokushesha nje lapho ephendulela unyaka owodwa ubudala. Into eyinhloko - qaphela ama-chips nonyaka wengane, okwakhiwa ngayo i-mosaic. Kumncane kunawo wonke, ama-mosaics adalwe nge-chips enkulu ekhanyayo namapulangwe amakhulu.
Imidlalo yeminwe, amadonsa omunwe kanye namadonki amagundane
Imidlalo yeminwe iwubuhlakani obulethwa kithi kusukela ekujuleni kwamakhulu eminyaka. Sonke siyazi ngemidlalo ethi "The Magpie", "Ladushki", "Goat-horned" nokunye okuningi. Amageyimu nokuzivocavoca ngeminwe kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ingane yonke.
Amapopu angama-finger angaba yindwangu enamapulangwe nethambile. Ngenxa yalesi sidingo esilula, kufanele ukwazi ukuhlela i-puppet show ekhaya ngokubamba iqhaza komntanakho, kodwa futhi uqeqeshe kahle iminwe yakho encane.
Khumbula ukuthi uhlakaniphile izandla zakho, ingane yakho iqonde. Ukuthola ngamathoyizi amathoyizi ngenhloso yokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono amakhono emoto kubantwana, wenza umthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni ingane yakho. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma yikuphi ukudlala kuyothatha inzuzo encane uma ingane idlala naye "ekuziqhenyeni okuziqhenya." Kuphela ngenxa yesibambisene "isizathu esivamile" sabazali nengane kuzoba nomphumela omuhle omuhle.