I-asthma yisifo sokuvuvukala emigwaqweni yomoya, lapho kunzima ukuthola umoya emaphashini bese uyihoxisa emaphashini. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwe-asthma, imisipha yekhontrakthi ye-bronchi, kukhona ukuvuvukala kwendwangu yomoya, ukuvuthwa komoya kuncishisiwe, futhi imisindo evamile yesondo ingazwakala ngenkathi iphefumula. I-asthma ibonakala ngokubunjwa okukhulu kwe-mucus. Iziguli eziningi ze-asthma zithola izikhathi zokuphefumula, okunye okuhamba ngezikhathi ezingenakuqhathaniswa. Ukuqubuka kungadlulela emaminithini ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuba yingozi uma ukunyuka komzimba emzimbeni kunciphisa kakhulu.
Izimbangela zokuhlasela kwe-asthma ye-bronchial ezinganeni:
- Ukwehluleka kwezifo (izinto ezibangelwa ukwelashwa): izinhlayiya zoboya obufakelwayo kusukela emathoyizi, izidakamizwa, isikhunta, impova yezitshalo.
- Izifo zokuphefumula.
- Umsebenzi womzimba.
- Umoya obandayo, ukubhema ugwayi, ukungcola kwemvelo.
- Ukucindezeleka.
- Ukudla (ukudla okunomsoco).
- Imithi, njengezidakamizwa zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-aspirin.
I-asthmatics eminingi inomlando wezinkinga zomzimba - ngokwabo noma kumalungu omndeni wabo, isibonelo, i-hay fever (i-rhinitis ye-allergen), kanye ne-eczema. Kodwa kunezibalo ze-asthmatics, lapho kungekho nezihlobo ezingenayo i-asthma noma i-allergies.
Izimpawu
- Hus fever nokuphefumula
- Iqala ngokuzumayo, ngokuvamile i-episodically, iyanyamalala yodwa.
- Kwangathi ungangena ebusuku noma ekuseni, emva kokusebenza ngokomzimba noma ngaphansi kwethonya lokubandayo.
- Ithuthukisa nokusetshenziswa kwe-bronchodilators (izidakamizwa ezandisa izindiza).
- Isikhumba nge-phlegm (mucus) noma ngaphandle kwayo.
- Ngemva kokuzivocavoca, ukuphefumula kuba nzima nakakhulu.
- Lapho uphefumula, isikhumba sithathwa phakathi kwezimbambo.
Izimpawu ezidinga izinyathelo zokuphuthumayo:
- Inkinga enkulu ekuphefumuleni.
- Ukwesaba okukhulu okubangelwa ukuphefumula okunzima.
- Ubuso obomvu nezindebe.
- Ukushayela njalo, ukujuluka.
- Ukulala nokudideka ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa isifo sokuphefumula kwesisu.
Imisebenzi yemvelo kanye nemidlalo yangaphandle iyadingeka kubo bonke abantwana, futhi izingane ze-asthmatic azifani, ngisho noma kunama-80% amacala kunzima ukuba bahlanganyele ezemidlalo. Kodwa ungaphathi kahle ingane ehlushwa isifo sokuphefumula futhi umvimbele ekuzikhandla ngokomzimba, ikakhulukazi njengoba izinzuzo ze-psycho-emotional and social ezemidlalo ziyaziwa kahle. Emva kokucindezeleka, wonke umuntu uzizwa ekhathele futhi angase ahlupheke ngokuphefumula. I-asthmatic engakaze yenze imidlalo izokhathala ngaphezu kwengane enempilo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba umjwayeze emdlalweni kancane kancane, ukuze afunde ukuhlukanisa ukuphefumula okuvamile okuvela ekuhlaselweni kwe-asthma. I-Asthmatics ingayenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezemidlalo (ngaphandle kwe-scuba diving), kodwa ezinye zifaneleke kakhulu kubo.
I-Athletics, ibhola lebhola lebholabhadi ngokuvamile lidala ukuphazamiseka kwe-bronchi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukubhukuda endaweni echibini elingaphakathi kahle (ngenomoya ofudumele nomoya omswakama), ukuvocavoca, igalofu, ukuhamba okuhamba phambili kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili ngaphandle kokukhuphuka intaba kufaneleka kakhulu kwi-asthmatics. Imidlalo ye-tennis nebhola iyaselula, kodwa idinga ukunye ukuzama, ngakho-ke iphinde ikhuthazwe kanye nezobuciko (i-judo, i-karate, i-taekwondo), uthango, njll. Akunconywa ukuhamba nge-scuba diving ngoba kungase kube namaconsi, Ngaphansi kwamanzi, i-asthma ayikwazi ukususwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Kunzima ukwenza izinyathelo zokucindezeleka ezidingekayo ekukhuphukeni okuphephile, uma ukuphefumula kunzima. Imidlalo yasezintabeni (ukuhamba ngezintaba, ukuhamba nge-alpine, njll) kuyinkinga ngenxa yesidingo sokuphefumula umoya obandayo nowomile, kodwa kungasuswa kancane ngamaski nezigqoko.
Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-asthma emnene, ejwayelekile. Ezinganeni nasebancane, kuvame ukufaka amafomu amabili okuqala lapho kutholakala khona izinkathi ezingenakubalwa. Ngefomu elibi kakhulu le-asthma, izimpawu ziba njalo. I-asthma ingabuye ihlukaniswe ngemvelaphi: ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-asthma engavamile (ukutholakala) nge-sensitization ye-allergen (ama-80% amacala ezinganeni) kanye nesifuba esingapheli (i-hereditary), lapho izimbangela zokungezwani ezingabonakali. Lezi zimpawu zingabuyekezwa ngabanye:
- Ukwandiswa kwamakha.
- Ubuhlungu esifubeni.
- Ukuzwa kokuqina kwesifuba.
- Ukuphulwa kwesigqi sokuphefumula, ukubambezeleka kokuphefumulelwa.
- Ukuyeka okwesikhashana ukuphefumula.
- Ukuzwa ukuphelelwa amandla.
Ukuxilongwa kwe "asthma" kusekelwe, okokuqala, ngesisekelo se-anamnesis yengane kanye nokuba khona kwalezi zimpawu ezingenhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhomba izici zokuhlukunyezwa: isimo sabo, izikhathi eziphakathi kwabo, izici ezikhungethe, ukuxhuma nezinguquko zonyaka, ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwesifo. Ukutadisha okuningiliziwe kwerekhodi yezokwelashwa kwengane kuyadingeka ukukhipha ezinye izifo zokuphefumula, izimpawu zazo ezifana nezimpawu ze-asthma. Ukuxilongwa okusebenzayo kwenziwa ukuhlola izinga lokuvimbela umoya; Ngenxa yalokhu injongo yokukala umthamo wamaphaphu (i-spirometry) yenziwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yocwaningo olunjalo, usizo lomguli luyadingeka, ngakho-ke lufanelekile kuphela ezinganeni ezindala kuneminyaka engama-6.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-asthma
Amathanga amathathu lapho inqubo yokwelapha i-asthma isekelwe:
- Ukuvimbela. Ngaloko kusho ukuthintwa kuzo zonke izici ezikhungathekisa.
- Ukuqeqeshwa. Ukuqeqeshwa kwengane-asthmatist nabazali bayo yitshe legumbi. Uma ingane ihlushwa isifo sokuphefumula, i-spirometry kufanele ifakwe lapho ihlola. Lokhu ukulinganisa okungenabuhlungu kwamandla emaphaphu kanye nesigqi sokuphefumula. ukwelashwa kokuvimbela. Kubalulekile ukuthi abazali baqonde ukuthi isifo siyini, bazi izimbangela nezimpawu, ukwazi ukusebenzisa imithi, imidlalo yezokwelapha nokuzivocavoca, njll.
- Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa. Izinhlobo ezintathu zemithi ziyaziwa: ziphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezibangela ukusabela okweqile okuvimbela isenzo salezi zinto, futhi ekugcineni, kunciphise ukuvuvukala nokuvimbela i-bronchi (isibonelo, izidakamizwa ze-cortisone nama-bronchodilators). Manje siyazi ukuthi i-asthma ye-bronchial enganeni, izimpawu zalesi sifo.