I-Meningococcus iyi-microbe ejwayelekile kakhulu, futhi emhlabeni jikelele. Emazweni athuthukile, wabizwa ngokuthi yimpi eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10 eyedlule, futhi isikhali esiyinhloko kwakuwumgomo wokugoma izingane kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala. E-Russia, abazali bangavikela ingane kuye kuphela. Izinhloso ze-pneumococcus yi-nasopharynx, indlebe ephakathi namaphaphu. Unyaka ngamunye, le nsizazane ibulala abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-600, abayizinkulungwane ezingu-800 kubo - izingane ezincane kuze kube ngu-2 eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingu-200 - izingane ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu. Ukutheleleka kudluliselwa ngamaconsi amancane. Izithwala zakhe eziyinhloko yizingane eziya ezikhungweni zezingane, enkulisa futhi esikoleni esiphansi. Ama-bacteria angagxuma iminyaka futhi avuke ngokungalindelekile ngemuva kwe-hypothermia noma ukushisa okukhulu, ukucindezeleka, ukuhlukunyezwa noma ngesikhathi sokubanda.
Iqembu eliyingozi
Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke i-pneumococcus yizingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili. I-bacterium ihluke kubalingani bayo ngesakhiwo esikhethekile. Unomlenze onamandla we-polysaccharide, okuwukuphela kwamaseli omzimba omuntu omdala angabhekana nawo. Njengoba ingane encane inesistimu yokuvikelwa iqale ukwakha, ayikwazi ukumelana nokuzivikela. Okwesibili, izinsana zithatha inkambo esheshayo yesifo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isibalo asihambanga ngezinsuku, kodwa ngamahora.
Imiphumela ebuhlungu
I-pneumococcus ingabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene, eziyingozi kunazo - i-pneumonia meningitis ne-sepsis. Yilabo abashushisa izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala. Ezinganeni ezindala, ngephutha laleli bhakthariya, i-otitis (ukuvuvukala kwezindlebe eziphakathi) nesinitis (ukuvuvukala kwezono zempumphu) kuvame ukuvela. Kodwa-ke, i-otitis eyenziwa yi-pneumococcus cishe ibuye iphinde iphinde iholele ukuvuvukala okungenhla. Lezi zinqubo zingabangela ukugcina isithulu ngokungahlehlisi kwenkulumo nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal ngokuvamile kubeka emakhazeni avamile, kunzima abazali nabahlengikazi ukuba baqaphele ngemuva kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile: umkhuhlane nomkhuhlane. Ukwenza ucwaningo olunembile, kuyadingeka ukudlulisa ukuhlaziywa okukhethekile, kodwa ezweni lethu lezi zinyathelo zithathwa kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Enye inkinga: kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule, le microbe iye yasungula ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane. Ukuze athathe isidakamizwa, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha izinsuku eziningana.
Izikhumbuzo ezibalulekile
Kunzima ukuhlukanisa ukutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal emakhazeni, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi izimpawu eziningana zezici. Ake sihlaziye amacala amathathu amakhulu kakhulu. I-pneumonia ebangelwa i-pneumococcus iyimbangela evamile yokufa kwabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia nazo azijabulisi, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukujoyina umkhuhlane. Bangabonakala kanjani? Ngomkhuhlane noma ebandayo, uma ingane ishaywa izinga lokushisa, udlala, ugijima, ugijimela, udla ngokudla. Ngokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, ulala kakhulu, alele isikhathi eside, eba buthakathaka, wenqaba ukudla. Kunezibonakaliso zokudakwa (ukukhula okukhudlwana emzimbeni wezinyosi eziphephile): isikhumba somntwana siyabonakala ngokuphawulekayo. Kodwa isibonakaliso esicacile se-pneumonia ukuphefumula, okubonakala cishe masinyane, okungenani ngosuku lwesibili. I-Meningitis, ukuvuvukala kwezingqimba zobuchopho, kuvusa ama-microbes amaningi. Ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyi-1 kuya kwemibili ubudala, lesi sifo sivame ukubangelwa yi-pneumococcus ne-hemophilic rod, ezinganeni ezindala - i-meningococcus. I-Meningitis cishe ayidluli ngaphandle kokulandelana, futhi izilwane zayo ezihlukahlukene ze-pneumococcal ngokuvamile zishiya ingane ikhutshaziwe. Ama-bacteria aphindaphindiwe kuma-meninges, futhi njengoba ehlanganisa lonke ubuchopho, lesi sifo singenzeka noma kuphi. Uma ukutheleleka kufinyelela ku-nertic optic, ngesimo esibi kunazo zonke, ukuphuphutheka kwenzeka uma indlebe isithulu. Omunye umphumela ovame ukuqhutshwa kwengqondo yokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, okungabonakalisa iminyaka eminingana emva kwalesi sifo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izingane eziye zabhekana ne-pneumococcal meningitis zisencane esikoleni zihlushwa ukungabi nandaba, ukungaboni kahle, nokuhlukana noontanga ngokuphumelela okuphansi. Izimpawu eziphazamisayo - ukwephulwa kokucaca kokuqaphela, ukubukeka kwezikhumba zesikhumba, ukubhoboza okuhlabayo, ukubhoboza nokukhala okukhulu kakhulu (isibonakaliso sokuthi ingane inekhanda eliqinile). Izinsana ezifika ezinyangeni ezingu-6 zokushisa kungenzeka kungenzeka, ngoba kule minyaka yobudala i-thermoregulation ivela ngokuhlukile kunabantu abadala; ezinganeni ezindala, kuvame ukukhuphukela ku-40 C. I-Sepsis, ukutheleleka kwe-bacterium egazini, ngokuvamile kuvame ukudala i-staphylococci ne-streptococci, ngokuvamile i-pneumococcus, u-E. coli nezinye izifo ezincane. Uma segazini, amabhaktheriya athinte zonke izitho nezinhlelo, futhi uma kungenjalo ngesikhathi Ukumisa le nqubo, umphumela obulalayo awukwazi ukugwema, kodwa lesi sifo asivamile, futhi akubona bonke abantu abathintekayo kuwo, kulokhu konke kuncike ekuziphatheni komzimba kanye nesistimu yomzimba. Ukudakwa ngokweqile komzimba, isikhumba esilaphayo sombala womhlaba (grey-yellow).
I-Right Weapon
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvikelwa ekuthelelekeni kwe-pneumococcal i-vaccination esifike ngesikhathi. Okungcono, inoculation yokuqala kufanele yenziwe ezinyangeni ezimbili. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi ingane iyakucinywa yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukukhulelwa komama", eyathola ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ukugxilisa ingane yakho kungenzeka futhi kamuva, kuphela ukusebenza kahle kuzokwehla ngezikhathi. Uma ukhetha uhlelo oluhle olunikezela ukuvikelwa okuphezulu, odokotela bazogoma ngezigaba ezimbili: kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili, ingane izonikezwa amagciwane amathathu ngezikhathi ezinyangeni eziyi-1-1.5, kanti ekugcineni ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila ezinyangeni eziyi-15 noma ezingu-18. Ngaphambi kokugoma kuyadingeka ukuba udlule ukuhlolwa: ukudlulisa umchamo nokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukubonisa ingane kudokotela wezingane kanye neurologist, ukuze ungaphuthelwa izifo ezingapheli, ngenxa yokuthi ukugoma kuyodingeka kuhlehliswe okwesikhashana. Umgomo wokulwa nokutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal uphephile futhi awukwenzi neze imiphumela emibi, kepha konke ngoba awukwenziwe, okungukuthi, "angaphili". Ngokwezibalo, ngosuku lokugoma, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kuphela ku-5-10%, futhi ukushisa kukhishwa kalula yi-paracetamol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mgomo uhlangene nanoma yikuphi ukugonywa kwekhalenda kazwelonke. Isidakamizwa singanikezwa ingane ngosuku olufanayo kanye nemigomo yokulwa ne-diphtheria, i-pertussis ne-tetanus (DTT), i-hepatitis B. poliomyelitis nezinye izifo. Okunye okunye okungenakuphikwa komuthi wokugoma ukuthi ubulala amabhaktheriya "alele". Uma ufaka ingane yokuguga, uzoyeka ukuhamba naye.