Ukuvakashelwa njalo ku-ophthalmologist ebuntwaneni kubalulekile, njengoba kunemigomo, ukuhlolwa ngodokotela wezingane. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokubona kwezingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokubeletha esibhedlela ngenhloso yokuthola ngokushesha izifo zamehlo okuzalwa (i-glaucoma, i-retinoblastoma (i-retinal tumor), i-cataracts, izifo ezivuthayo zeso). Izingane ezazalwa ngaphambi kwaleso sikhathi zihlolwe ngezibonakaliso ze-optic nerve atrophy kanye ne-retinopathy yokungabi nesikhathi sokuqala.
Ukuhlola okubonakalayo ezinganeni kufanele kwenziwe eneminyaka eyi-1, 3, 6 no-12. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuziphatha ngokuphathelene nezingane ezisengozini, zifaka izingane:
- abazali babo noma eyodwa kuphela kubo abanokukhubazeka okubukwayo;
- ozelwe ngaphambi kwegama;
- izihlobo zazo ezihlushwa i-glaucoma.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela ugxila kulokhu:
- amajwabu amehlo, isikhundla sabo, ukuhamba, umbala wesikhumba, ukuma nobubanzi begebe leso, imfucumfucu ye-mucous, isimo se-conjunctiva. Ukukhubazeka kubhekisela ekuguquleni nasekuguquleni amajwabu amehlo, ukwehlisa ijwabu leso eliphezulu, ukusakazeka kwe-vascular, ukuvuvukala, ukubuyisela futhi ukuqina kwamajwabu amehlo, ukutholakala kwezikali, ukuhlambalaza;
- umfundi. Ngokuvamile nxazonke, emnyama, ububanzi buhlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ukukhanya - 0,15-0,25 cm. Uma uneminyaka engama-4-6 amasonto, isibonakaliso esibalulekile sombono ovamile emntwaneni ukunciphisa abafundi bamehlo ngokufakwa okubukhali komthombo wokukhanya;
- ukuhamba nokuma kwamehlo. I-Strabismus, i-nystagmus (i-twitching iso), ukuhamba okulinganiselwe kubhekisela ku-pathology.
- izindlela ezihlobene nezinyembezi kanye nesimo sabo. Esikhathini esivamile sokumangala akufanele kube;
- umbala wombala. Izingane zakuqala ziqala ukuqonda imibala. Kodwa uma ingane idibanisa imibala (eluhlaza, obomvu, obuluhlaza), khona-ke lokhu kuvunyelwe kuze kube seminyaka engu-3 ubudala;
- Ubuningi obubonakalayo buhlolwe eminyakeni engu-3-4 ngosizo lwetafula lezingane ne-ophthalmologist.
Izifo zamehlo ezivamile kanye nokuxilongwa kwabo emehlweni ezingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala
I-strabismus yamanga neyiqiniso
Abazali abahlukumezayo ngokuvamile bazibona ngokwabo, kodwa uchwepheshe anganika kuphela ukuxilongwa okunembile. Ngokuvamile, ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwamehlo wengane kuxoshwa, kodwa lokhu kuyi-strabismus yamanga, imbangela yayo ekhona ezicini zobuso futhi ibhekwe ikakhulukazi nekhala elibanzi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubukhulu bekhasi buyanda, futhi umonakalo we-strabismus wamanga uyanyamalala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-strabismus yamanga ivame kakhulu ezinsaneni ezineminyaka yobudala bokuqala ngenxa yokungahlali kwesimiso sabo sezinzwa.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmologist kuyi-strabismus yangempela yasungulwa, kuyadingeka ukunquma nokuqeda izimbangela zalesi sifo. Uma kungenjalo, iso elilodwa lizoqala ukusebenza njengomholi, futhi umbono weso lesibili uqala ukuwohloka ngokushesha.
Ukuvuvukala kwesikhwama esilalayo
Le nkinga ivame kakhulu ngemvamisa ye-10-15%. Ukuvuvukala kwesikhwama esibizayo, okuthiwa i-dacryocystitis, kuhambisane nokufihla amehlo, i-teardrop, i-crusts eyelashes. Ngokuvamile, abazali futhi ngezinye izikhathi izingane zezingane zamukela ngokungalungile lesi simo ngenxa yezibonakaliso ze-conjunctivitis. Khona-ke ingane ayitholi ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi esithile futhi ngemva nje kokusebenzisa okungenangqondo kwemithi ngendlela yamaconsi eso, uthola ochwepheshe.
Amehlo "athambile"
Amehlo wengane angenza ukunyakaza okungahambisani nezinkomba ezahlukene kanye nama-amplitudes. I-lesion ye-amehlo ibizwa ngokuthi i-nystagmus. Ngalesi sifo, isithombe esisezingeni elihle kwi-retina asigxilile, umbono uqala ukuwohloka ngokushesha (i-amblyopia).
Izinkinga ngokugxila
Ukuze umbono ube yi-100%, isithombe kufanele sigxile ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokuqondile kwi-retina yeso. Ngamandla amakhulu okubheka iso, isithombe sizogxila ngqo phambi kwe-retina. Kulesi simo, bathi nge-myopia, noma, okuthiwa, i-myopia. Ngamandla amancane okubheka iso, ngokuphambene nalokho, isithombe sizogxila emuva kwe-retina, ebizwa ngokuthi i-hyperopia, noma i-hypermetropia. I-ophthalmologist inquma amandla okubheka iso emehlweni yengane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokusiza kwababusi abakhelwe ngokukhethekile.
Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-1 zingakhipha ukulungiswa kokubunjwa okuqondile kokuxhumana phakathi kokubonakala kwesithombe ku-retina nokuthola isignali ngobuchopho balokhu ukuze umbono wengane ungawi.