I-genus Cyclamen inezinhlobo ezingamashumi amahlanu zezitshalo ezingokomndeni we-primrose. Insimu lapho baqala ukutholwa yiYurophu Ephakathi, nase-Asia Minor. I-Cyclamen isitshalo se-herbaceous, esihlala isikhathi eside, esinezimpande eziyi-tuberous, elincane kakhulu. Ukushiya kuwo kukhulu kakhulu, nge-cuttings eside, e-round-lobed, eluhlaza. Izimbali zitholakala kuma-peduncles amade, futhi zibonakala kancane kancane.
Kukhona umbono wokuthi indlu yesikhuni esakhiwa yindlu inzima ukukhula endlini, kodwa ayikho iqiniso. Uma ikhulile ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho, izojabulisa abalimi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Izinkinga zingavela ngemibala ethengwe esitolo.
Ukunakekela isitshalo.
Ukukhanyisa. Ngothando lonke lalesitshalo ukukhanya, aludlulisi imisebe yelanga eqondiswe kubo. Uma sikhuluma ngehlangothini lomhlaba, khona-ke baycono kakhulu entshonalanga nasempumalanga.
Umbuso wokushisa. Uma sikhuluma ngezimo ezifanele zokukhula okujwayelekile nezimbali, khona-ke zingahlukaniswa ngezimo zasehlobo nasebusika. Ehlobo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukubeka egumbini elinokushisa kwe-18-25C, futhi ebusika kufanele kube ikamelo eliqhakazile futhi elipholile elinokushisa kwe-+ 10C, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-12-14C.
Ukunisela. Uma lesi sihlahla sesitshalo siqhakaza, kufanele siphuze amanzi amaningi noma ngokulinganisela. Ungavumeli i-waterlogging noma isule umhlaba. Amanzi afanelekayo okunisela agcinwe kahle futhi athambile. Ngokuqondene nokuchelela, kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngokuphethelela kwembiza; Ungavumeli amanzi ukuba afake amahlumela nezilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ungangena amanzi bese usebenzisa ipellet. Futhi, lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukusinda uma amanzi engena emgodini wesitshalo, ngoba i-tuber ingabola. Uma sikhuluma ngokushisa kwamanzi, kufanele kube yizilinganiso ezimbalwa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa ekamelweni. Ngemuva kokunisela, emva kwehora noma amabili, amanzi avela epanini, uma ekhona, kumele agciniwe, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zingase ziqale ukubola. Ngemuva kokuthi lesi sitshalo siphelile, imvamisa yokuphuza ingaqala ukunciphisa, kanti ngenkathi yehlobo, ayiphuziswa ngokuphelele lapho amaqabunga ephuzi futhi emile.
Uma isikhathi sokubukeka kwefihlekile siyeza, isitshalo se-cyclamen sidinga ukufutholwa. Futhi emva kokubonakala kwabo, ukufiphala kumisiwe ukuvimbela ukubola kwabo. Uma udinga ukwandisa umswakama, khona-ke kule pallet ungabeka ama-moss anamanzi noma ubumba obunwetshiwe (amahlumela abuye ahlangane). Kodwa khumbula ukuthi phansi akufanele uthinte amanzi. Amanzi emvula ayoba afiseleka kakhulu, kodwa ungasebenzisa futhi amanzi ahlanjululweyo, aphelile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Lapho amahlamvu eqala ukuvela esitshalweni, kodwa kusengabikho izimbali, isitshalo kufanele sondliwe ngomanyolo wamaminerali; imvamisa yokufaka umanyolo - njalo emavikini amabili. Ama-cyclamens athande umquba ophilayo. Futhi nge umanyolo we-nitrogen, kufanele uqaphele, awukwazi ukuwafaka ngobuningi obukhulu, ngoba angashintsha izimpande eziyizimpande.
Izimbali. I-Cyclamen isitshalo esikhula cishe eminyakeni engu-10-15 njalo ngonyaka kuze kube izimbali ezingu-70 zingabonakala kuyo. Lezi zimbali eziye zaphela futhi zaphela, zahlanzwa nge-pedicel. Lapho isitshalo seluqala ukuvuna, isb. ikhula futhi amaqabunga aphuzi, kubalulekile ukuwaqeda emmpandeni (kodwa hhayi ukusika). Ngemuva kwalokhu kuqhuma indawo ifafaza i-powder eningi emanzini.
Ukukhiqiza. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cyclamen kunzima kakhulu ekhaya. Kuvame ukusabalalisa ngokuhlukanisa i-tuber. Kukhona ukuhlukahluka kokukhiqiza kanye nembewu, kodwa lena inqubo ende kakhulu.
Ukuze uthole imbewu egcwele ekhaya, khona-ke impova yokufakelwa (ukuhamba kangcono) kuyadingeka. Kumele uthathe ibhulashi elithambile, ulisebenzise ukuthatha impova esitshalweni esisodwa bese uyifaka kwi-pestle yesinye isitshalo. Kuyoba kuhle ukuphakela i-cyclamen ngalesi sikhathi ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium.
Isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela ngo-Agasti, ngoba ehlobo lesi sitshalo sinesikhathi sokuphumula.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ngezinye izikhathi imbewu inikezwa ngesishukela (5%) bese ithatha imbewu ewile phansi; imbewu eye yawela ayifanele. Ngesinye isikhathi imbewu ihlanganiswa nesisombululo se-zircon.
Nge-substrate, izithako ezilula zithathwe. Ingxube yendawo yeqabunga kanye ne-peat, ngokulinganisa kwesinye kuya kwesinye, noma i-peat ne-vermiculite, iyofaneleka ngokwesilinganiso esifanayo.
I-substrate iswakanyisiwe, khona-ke imbewu ihlelwe phezulu futhi ifafazwe ungqimba lomhlaba we-0.5-1 cm ubukhulu. Ukuze zihlume, imbewu ayidingi ukukhanya, ngoba ingafakwa ifilimu engabonakali. Ukushisa okungcono kunazo zonke kuzoba ngu-20C, ekushiseni okungaphezu kwembewu "kungalala" futhi ukuhluma kuyomisa. Ukushisa akusondeli nangaphansi + 18С, njengoba imbewu izobola. Ungakhohlwa ukuqapha okuqukethwe komswakama womhlabathi, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukuvuselela isitsha ngenhlamvu.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa okujwayelekile esimweni sokushisa esiphezulu singaphezu kwenyanga. Ngemva kokuhluma, ifilimu isusiwe ebusweni, futhi isitsha sigcinwe endaweni ekhanyisiwe, kodwa ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile. Ukushisa kufanele kube ngaphansi, cishe + 15-17С.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamagundane amaqabunga amabili ama-2-3 ezitshalweni, futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngoDisemba, afakwa ebhodweni, lapho kukhona khona ishidi lomhlaba (izingxenye ezimbili), i-peat (1 ingxenye) nesihlabathi (0.5 ingxenye). Ama-neodules kufanele ahlanganiswe nomhlaba (abadala abakudingi ukwenza lokhu). Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha ingxube entsha, ngemva kwesonto, kubalulekile ukwengeza umanyolo, okufanele uhlanjululwe ngesigamu. Isixazululo se-0.2% se-ammonium sulphite (2 amagremu ngalinye ilitha) sizofaneleka, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-0.1 zengeze u-0.1% we-nitassium nitrate.
Entwasahlobo izithombo sezivele zitshalwe zibe izimbiza ezihlukene.
Ama-cyclamens asekhulile avela kule mbewu azoqhakaza ngemva kokuhlwanyela ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-14.
Ukuqapha.
I-Cyclamen, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zayo - i-cyclamen yasePheresiya, iqukethe izinto ezinobuthi. Okuqukethwe okukhulu kunazo zonke kuzilimo eziyizigaxa. Lesi sifo singabangela ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, noma iziqhwa.
Izinkinga zokunakekelwa.
Lesi sitshalo singahlaselwa yi-weevil yamagilebhisi. Kulesi simo, iziqu zalo zizophuka futhi zife. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba uhlole njalo indawo yokuba khona kwezibungu ezinemibala ekhanda, enezinwele ezimnyama.
Uma igumbi lingumswakama ophezulu kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa aliphakeme kakhulu, khona-ke izimbali nezifihlekile zivame ukubonakala zivuthiwe.
Ngaphandle kwe-weevil, lesi sitshalo sinokulimala yi-cyclamen mite. Shiya kulesi simo sokushintsha - ukuguqula, noma ungakhuli; izimbali ziqala ukuphelela, ukuqubuka kanye ne-peduncles crinkle. Uma lesi sitshalo sitheleleke ngombala, kufanele silahlwe, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukukhipha uphawu.
I-Cyclamen ayibekezelele kahle ukushisa, ngakho-ke emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-17C, lapho umoya ufudumele futhi usomile, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe futhi isitshalo sizophela. Okufanayo kuzokwenzeka uma kunganele ukuphuza isitshalo futhi kuyokuma ilanga eliqondile.