Ngokuvamile, izingane ziqala ukukhuluma ngemva kokufinyelela cishe unyaka owodwa. Amantombazane aqala ukukhuluma ngaphambi kwabafana. Ukubiza kahle amagama amabizo Izingane zifunda ngomnyaka wesine wokuphila.
Inkulumo yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lapho izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezinsiza zokukhuluma zihlanganyela. Ukuxhumana okuqondile kwamapayipi, i-larynx, imisipha yolimi nezindebe kufanele kuqinisekiswe.
Ukuqedwa kweziphambeko zenkulumo
Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu ujwayele ukukhuluma okungalungile. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwamuva kuqala, kunzima nakakhulu ukuqeda ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo ekhona. Ukwengeza, uma kungekho ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele, kunengozi enkulu ukuthi ikhono lomguli lokukhuluma lizoqhubeka liwohloka.
Izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kwenkulumo
Inkulumo yomuntu ingaphazanyiswa ngenxa yezinkinga zokuzalwa ezingenayo yokubeletha, ulimi, imilenze, i-palate noma izindebe (hare hare). Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ingane ayifundi inkulumo noma ikhuluma ngobunzima (abadala bangaphinde balahlekelwe ngamakhono abo okukhulunywa ngaphambili). Kunezimo lapho inkulumo ingathuthuki ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuxhumana ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwayo noma ukuhlukaniswa kwengane yomphakathi. Izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kwenkulumo zingaba izifo eziphilayo ezingenasifo sangempela. Izikhungo zokukhuluma zobuchopho zivame ukuthinteka (isibonelo, ngenxa yengozi ye-craniocerebral noma ukuvuvukala kobuchopho). Inkulumo yabantu abadala iphulwa kancane noma ihlukunyezwa ngenxa yezingozi noma izifo. Esinye sezimbangela eziyinhloko yi-stroke. Uma imisebenzi yezikhungo ezithile zobuchopho ziphukile noma uma ezinye izinzwa ze-cranial zonakalisiwe, izicubu zobuso, izilimi, kanye nama-laryngeal zingase zikhubazeke. Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo kungase kuvele nezicubu zobuchopho, i-larynx noma umlomo ne-pharynx.
Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela?
Ngokuhlolwa okuvame ukuvimbela, izinkinga zokukhuluma zikhonjiswe ngokushesha. Uma intuthuko yenkulumo igxila ngemuva kwezinga eliphansi lokuthuthukiswa kwezinyanga ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, kuyadingeka ukuthi uxoxe nodokotela. Abantu abadala, beqaphela ukuthi uma beqala ukwenza amaphutha noma ngokuzumayo abakwazi ukubiza ngokunembile umsindo othize, kufanele babuye nodokotela.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinyo
Ezinye iziphambeko zenkulumo zenzeka ngenxa yokungavamile kwamazinyo noma ezinye iziphambeko, ngenxa yalokho okushiwo inkulumo. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona isici senkulumo noma kubonakala kamuva, udinga ukuvakashela udokotela wamazinyo noma i-orthodontist. Udokotela unquma ukuthi ukukhubazeka kwamazinyo kungumphumela wesici esinjalo.
Ukuzivocavoca ukuqeda ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo
Sebenzisa ukuzivocavoca, ukuzivocavoca, ukucula nokudlala indima. Ngokuvamile izindlela eziningi zokwelapha zisetshenziswa kanyekanye. Ngisho nabantu asebekhulile bangafunda ukukhuluma kahle futhi.
Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zokukhuluma
Kuye ngesibangela, kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuqeda izinkinga zokukhuluma kanye nezindlela zokufunda kabusha amakhono okukhuluma. Esikhathini sokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi (i-phonopedia kanye nokwelashwa kwenkulumo) ngokuvamile kuvame ukuba nomthelela omuhle endleleni yezinkinga eziningi zokukhuluma. Kulesi simo, isiguli sifunde ukukhuluma ngaphansi kokuqondiswa komuthi wezinkulumo noma i-phonopaedist.
Zizwa inkulumo
Izinqubo ezenzeka lapho imisindo ikhulunywa ayibonakali. Ngakho-ke, isiguli sibeka isandla sakhe entanyeni yophila izinkulumo futhi sizwa ukuthi izwi lenkulumo lizwakala kanjani enkulumweni ye-larynx nokuthi yikuphi ukudlidliza okuzwakalayo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngesandla sesinye isandla, isiguli ngesikhathi esisodwa sihlola i-larynx kanye nokuhlola; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukunyakaza kwawo kulungile.
Inkulumo ngaphandle kwe-larynx
Ukukhuluma kungakwazi futhi iziguli ezisusiwe i-larynx noma ingxenye yayo. Kumele bafunde ukuthi yiliphi izwi eliyi-esophageal noma sebenzisa uhlobo lwe-amplifier. Ngaphandle kwe-larynx, amagama angachazwa ngomlomo, amazinyo nolimi, kodwa kulokhu akukho umsindo ozwakalayo. Ukuvumelanisa okukhethekile (i-laryngophone) kuqinisa lawa mazwi athule, nabanye bangawaqonda. Yiqiniso, inkulumo enjalo yomuntu ifana "nenkulumo ye-robot". Lapho uthola umsebenzi wezwi ngokushintsha izwi eliyi-esophageal, isiguli sifunda ukugwinya umoya (kanye nokufunda ubuciko be-ventriloquism). Khona-ke ilawula ukuphuma kwayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ifomu amagama aqondakalayo.