Izingane eziningi ezinempilo zihlakulela izixuku ezimbi ebusweni nasemzimbeni ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwazo. Iningi lazo liyanyamalala ngaphandle kokwelashwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa iziqhwaga ezishabalalisa zodwa, kusuka emanzini afuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukwelapha izidumbu emzimbeni wengane eneminyaka eyodwa kuyisici esibalulekile sokuqeda imbangela yalesi sifo.
I-Sweatshop
Ukushayalala kuvamile kakhulu ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, ngoba izinsana ziye zahlakulela izikhukhula ze-sweat futhi zishisa kalula. Ibukeka njengezingxube ezincane eziphakanyisiwe ezibonakala ebusweni nasemzimbeni. Ngokuvamile, ukujuluka kuyanyamalala yedwa, kodwa ukubonakala kwayo kuwuphawu lokushisa, okuyinto engozini yokugula kwesifo sokuzalwa kosana ngokuzumayo.
Izifo zesikhumba evamile zihlanganisa:
- Amakhanda. Kubangelwa ukubonakaliswa kwendawo, okuyinto ehlaselwa kakhulu, ngokuvamile ezintendeni noma ezinyaweni ezisanda kuzalwa. Kuthunyelwa ngokuxhumana okusheshayo, ngakho ngokuvamile kuthinta amalungu angaphezu kweyodwa omndeni.
Izifo zesikhumba ezihlobene nesikhathi sokubeletha zihlanganisa:
- U-Urticaria (i-urticaria) yi-rash evuvukile, enezinambuzane, ngezinye izikhathi ebonakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila. Iyabonakala ngokuyinhloko esiqwini futhi ngokuvamile iyanyamalala ngokuzimela.
- I-Milia (amhlophe) - amaphuzu aphakanyisiwe 1-2 mm ububanzi, abhekwe emakhaleni nasamahlathini ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Bavuka nokuvuthwa kwezingqimba ze-sebaceous bese bedakalala phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa ngemva kokuzalwa.
- "I-Strawberry" izakhi ezibomvu ziphakanyiswa ngezikhathi ezithile lapho zizalwa, kodwa ngokuvamile zivela emavikini ambalwa okuqala okuphila futhi zingaba phezu kwesiqu, intamo noma ubuso. Ngokuvamile, i-nevi ikhula phakathi nonyaka wokuqala, bese igazi labo linciphisa, futhi kancane kancane liphela ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikole. Kodwa-ke, uma i-nevus ikhona endaweni yamehlo, ukwelashwa kwama-laser kungadingeka.
- Izindwangu ezilula ("ugwegwe lwesigodlo") yizimpawu ezibomvu ezivame ukuvela kusukela ekuzalweni ku-nape noma emuva kwentamo. Bahlale bephulika ngesikhathi futhi bengenzi izinkinga zezimonyo.
- Izindawo zaseMongolia zingamabala aluhlaza, okuvame ukuvela ezinswaneni ezibomvu. Njengomthetho, zitholakala phansi komgogodla nasemagodini. Ukudangala njengoba bekhula.
I-eczema ne-dermatitis zivame kakhulu ezinganeni futhi zingabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu kubazali. Lezi zifo zisabela kahle ekwelapheni, ezimweni eziningi, ukuthuthukiswa (noma ukubuyisela okugcwele) kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo, njengoba ingane ikhula. I-Eksematoznye ikhula ezinsaneni zivame kakhulu, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, iningi lezingane liphuma kulezi zinkinga. Ngokuvamile, kulo mlando womndeni, izifo zenyama ziyingozi, kuhlanganise nezimo ze-asthma, i-hay fever, noma i-eczema.
I-Eczema yezingane
Izinsana ezine-eczema zinesikhumba esomile kakhulu, lapho kuvela khona izindawo ezibomvu ezibonakalayo. Ezinganeni ezindala, ukuqhuma kuvame ukuphazamisa ama-elbows kanye ne-popliteal fossa. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha ukusetshenziselwa okuvamile kwe-emollients, nokulahlwa kwesepha. Uma lokhu kungakusizi, udokotela jikelele angachaza inkambo emfushane ye-1% i-hydrocortisone ukhilimu (isenzo esithambile kakhulu steroid) ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala isikhumba. Ngomuso, ukhilimu onomsoco ophansi kakhulu (isamba esingu-0.05%) uvame ukuphakanyiswa.
Ukwelashwa okukhethekile
Ngezinye izikhathi, ezimweni ezinzima, ukuqhuma kuhlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu zesikhumba. Khona-ke ukwelashwa okunamandla okudingekayo kuyadingeka. Udokotela wezingane angabhekisela ingane kudokotela wezidakamizwa ukuthola iseluleko. Ngokuvamile, abazali bayelulekwa ukuba bavikele isikhumba somntanakho emathonyeni anomshini. Umonakalo omkhulu nge-eczema uma kwenzeka, uma kunconywa, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa amaglavu angavumeli ingane ukuba ilimale. Kucatshangwa ukuthi, ngokwezinga elithile, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-eczema kuvimbela ukubeletha. Izidlo zokuqeda (ngokuqedwa kokuqeda izifo ezithile), eziphumelelayo ezigulini ezikhulile, ngokuvamile azizisi izingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma zisetshenzisiwe, kunengozi yokungondleki.
I-seborrheic dermatitis
I-dermatitis ye-infant ye-infant ngokuvamile iyakuthinta isicwebe, kepha ingenzeka futhi ebusweni, esifubeni, ukugoba kwezigqoko namadolo. Kule nkinga, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ezikhulayo ezineminyaka engaba ngu-3, izikali ezomile eziphuzi zivele ekhanda, futhi ukushona okubomvu kwe-scaly kuvela emzimbeni. Amacala amancane aqedwa ngokugcoba umnqumo noma amafutha e-peanut esikhwameni, kulandelwa ukugeza nge-shampoo baby. Izimbangela ezijwayelekile zezinsalela zesikhashana nezinkinga zesikhumba:
- I-diaper dermatitis.
Iningi le-diaper dermatitis liyasabela kumchamo oqukethe umchamo. Loluhlobo lwe-dermatitis luyinto engavamile kakhulu ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwamapayipi angenayo. Ngokuvamile, isikhumba siphunga ngaphandle kwendawo yokuxhumana esheshayo ne-diaper asithinteki, okuyinto eyisihluthulelo sokuxilongwa. I-diaper dermatitis iyancipha uma uqala ukushintsha amathayi kaningi, futhi uma kukhona kungenzeka, okwesikhashana ungayisebenzisi nhlobo. Gwema ukusebenzisa i-napkins yezingane enambithekile futhi ubuyele ekuhlanjeni okujwayelekile nge-cotton uboya namanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-creams elula kusuka ku-diaper dermatitis, njenge-zinc ointment, esekelwe kumafutha we-castor, nawo enza njengengqinamba evikela ingane.
- Ukuhlukumezeka kwama-viral.
- Izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane ezibangelwa ukushisa kwezingane, nazo zihambisana nokushayeka. Ngokuvamile udokotela akakwazi ukucacisa igciwane elithile, kodwa iningi lezinsalela azidingi ukwelashwa okuqondile. Inqwaba yemifino yegciwane, ngaphandle kwe-inkukhu, ivuleka ngokucindezela komnene kwekhasi yengilazi. Uma ukushaywa kwengane enempilo embi kungadluli ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi, udinga ukunikeza ukuhlolwa kwezempilo ngokushesha ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi lokhu akulona ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal.