Umndeni Freesia ovela emndenini we-iris. Lolu hlobo lubandakanya izinhlobo ezingu-6. I-Afrika ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yalesi sitshalo. I-Freesia ingeyomuthi we-tuberous. Iqukethe amaqabunga amade futhi amancane ombala obala obala. Izimbali zalesi sitshalo zimibalabala, zibe nombala ohlukile, zingaba mhlophe, okwesibhakabhaka, ukhilimu, i-orange, okubomvu. Izimbali zikhula ngamaqembu, zibe nephunga elimnandi, zitholakala eyodwa-eceleni komugqa, iziqu ezigobile. Emvelweni kukhona amafomu amabili futhi alula.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-freesia zibhekwa njenge-hybrid freesia kanye ne-freesia ephikisiwe. I-freesia yezimbali zixhomeke esikhathini sokutshala ama-corms. Ngokuvamile i-freesia itshalwe ukuze ngamaholidi ebusika iqala ukuqhuma.
Freesia: ukunakekelwa
I-plant freesia futhi ayinakekele ayidingi amakhono akhethekile, ngakho uma ikhula, akufanele kube khona ubunzima obukhethekile. I-Freesia idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ingahluma ngaphansi kwelanga eliqondile, kodwa nge-umoya omuhle, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizoshiswa. Ngokuba ukutshala kwamafasitela e-freesia, eningizimu, entshonalanga nasempumalanga kuzohambisana. Kusukela emini yelanga, ikakhulukazi eshisayo sezulu sehlobo, isitshalo singcono kakhulu ku-pritenyat. Ewindini elisenyakatho, i-freesia izobhekana nokuntuleka kokukhanya, okuyinto edingekayo kumifino evamile. Esikhathini sekwindla nobusika isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okungeziwe ngezibani ezimhlophe noma emini.
Kungcono ukuthi ungahlwanyeli izitshalo ezincane ngaphansi kwelanga eliqondile, kodwa ukwenza ukukhanya okukhanyayo kukhanye. Ungafaki isitshalo ngokushesha emva kokuthenga elangeni, yenza lokhu akufanele futhi emva kwesimo sezulu eside esibhakabhaka, noma ngabe isitshalo sizoshiswa.
Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, isitshalo se-freesia kufanele sigcinwe endaweni eyomile, epholile, enomoya, lapho izinga lokushisa liseduze no-16-18 degrees. Ngombuso ophezulu wokushisa wokuqukethwe, u-freesia kufanele abe nokufinyelela emoyeni omusha.
Uma lesi sitshalo sigcinwa endaweni epholile ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukuchelela kumele kube okulinganayo, njengoba ungqimba lomhlaba luzomiswa. Ukunisela, amanzi athambile, athathwa amanzi. Ekushiseni okuphezulu kokuqukethwe (cishe ngo-22-25 o ) kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukuchelela, noma kunjalo, isendlalelo esiphezulu kumele sisomile.
Ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwe-corms, ukuze ungasikhukhuli isitshalo, udinga ukuwahambisa ngokucophelela. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula, ama-corms aqukethe ezimbizeni noma e-peat akufanele anisele.
I-Freesia egumbini elipholile lingathatha umoya omile. Uma isimo sezulu sisishisa, lesi sitshalo kumele sifafazwe ngamanzi okuqala ekuseni, futhi amanzi kufanele athambile. Ukufafaza kwenziwa nsuku zonke.
Ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuvela, isitshalo kufanele sondliwe kanye njalo emva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngamaminerali omanyolo. Udinga ukondla kuze kube yilapho wonke amahlamvu emile esitshalweni. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, udinga ukondla umanyolo nge phosphorus eningi. Ngesikhathi ukukhula kwamaqabunga, futhi ngemuva kokuphela kwesitshalo, kuyadingeka ukondla umanyolo, okubandakanya inani elikhulu le-potassium ne-nitrogen.
Izitshalo ze-freesia kumele ziboshwe njengoba zikhula, ngoba ukudumaza kungabangela ukuguqulwa kwezimbali, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokungabi khona kwezimbali ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokukhazimula i-stalk yembali ayikwazi ukuhlala endaweni yokuma ngaphandle kokusekelwa. Blossoms freesia cishe izinsuku ezingu-15-20. Izitshalo ezindala ziyaqhakaza kakhulu kunezilimo. Ukuze uhlale ube nezimbali zama-freesias, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise izitshalo eziphindaphindiwe njalo eminyakeni engamashumi amabili. Njengoba isitshalo sesiphelile, isitshalo sezimbali siyakunqunywa, emva kwalokho ukutshala kwesitshalo kufanele kuqhubeke namanye amasonto angama-5-6, kuze kutholakale ama-corms amasha. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuchelela kufanele kuphungulwe kancane kancane, kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga ebhubha ngokuphelele. Khona-ke ama-corms afundwa futhi agcinwe egumbini elipholile elikhanyayo, ekhoneni elomile lokugcina kuze kufike ehlobo elizayo. Ukushisa kokuqukethwe akufanele kudlule ama-6-8 degrees. Ama-Corms angashaywa masinyane emiphakathini nasesikhathini esizayo kuze kufike amaqabunga ekamelweni lokukhanya elipholile. Ngemuva kokuvela kwefesimali freesia kungadluliselwa efasiteleni. Ukushisa okungaphezulu kokuqukethwe kufanele kube ngu-12-16 degrees.
Ukukhiqizwa kwesitshalo
I-Freesia isitshalo esingakhula hhayi kuphela ku-corms, kodwa nakubantu.
Imbewu ikwaziswa ukuba ihlwanyelwe uma kudingeka, ngenkathi ungathola izicabha ezihle kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu kungcono ukuhluma, ngoba imbewu iyatshala njalo eminyakeni engamashumi amabili. Ingxube yomhlaba yokuhlwanyela kufanele ibe nesihlabathi kanye nomhlaba womhlaba. Futhi ungathatha i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo izitshalo nezihlabathi. I-substrate elungiselelwe kufanele iphuze okokuqala, bese ihlwanyela imbewu kuphela. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe kufanele ihlanganiswe ngendlala encane (2 mm) yexube elikhethekile lembewu. Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zikhule zibe ngamasentimitha angu-2-3, kumele zenziwe kancane, izithombo eziyi-10 kufanele zihlale ebhodweni. Uma imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, i-freesia ekhulile ngale ndlela izoqhakaza ngasekupheleni kwebusika.
Ama-corms angatshalwa entwasahlobo noma phakathi kwehlobo (konke kuxhomeke lapho ufuna ukuthola ama-freesias e-flowering). I-corms ye-plant kufanele ibe yizicucu ezingu-5 ebhodweni elivamile. Ngaphambi kokutshala, abanye balimi batusa cishe amasonto amabili ukulwa nama-corms ekamelweni elinamazinga angama-28-30 degrees. Ukuze uthole izimbali eziluhlaza kungcono ukuthatha ama-bul. Ngaphansi kwebhodlela kufanele kube yisendlalelo seshlabathi, ama-shards, amagravel, ukuhlanganiswa okulungiselelwe kwezitshalo ezinobuningi noma ingxube equkethe ishlabathi 13 nomhlabathi wensimu (ingxenye engu-1) exutshwe namalahle athululelwa.
Ama-corms atshalwe ukujula cishe ngo-3 cm enhlabathini enomanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ibhodlela kufanele lifakwe endaweni epholile, lapho kufanele khona ngaphandle kokunisela kuze kube khona amaqabunga. Lapho nje amaqabunga eqala ukukhula, udinga ukuqala ukuchelela ngamanzi ahlale elula, alula. Uma amaqabunga nezimbali zivela, ukuchelela kuyanda.
Ukulimala: i-aphid ne-spider mite.