Isifo sofuba yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i-bacillus ye-tubercle (igama elingasasebenzi) liholela ekwakheni ukuvuvukala okuthile ezithombeni nasezicukeni zomuntu. Ngokwezibalo, eRussia ukwanda kwalesi sifo kungu-50 kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Ngeshwa, eminyakeni emibili eyedlule, lesi sigameko phakathi kwezingane sikhule cishe ngo-26%. Ngesihlandlo sokuqala lesi sifo sasihlolisiswa kakhulu nguRobert Koch ngo-1884m. Namuhla, i-phthisiatricians (phthisiatricians, odokotela abaphatha iziguli ngesifo sofuba) bahlukanise izinhlobo ezintathu zalesi sifo:
- Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nasebancane, yisigaba sokuqala sesi sifo, okungathi singadlulela ngaphandle kokwelashwa uma ingane ikhulelwe ngamandla;
- Isifo sofuba sohlelo lokuphefumula - kaningi, lokhu kuyisifo samapayipi;
- Isifo sofuba sezinye izitho nezinhlelo yilona uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwesifo (isifo sofuba samathambo namalunga, isifo sofuba esiswini, isifo sofuba socansi, njll)
Njengazo zonke izifo ezithathelwanayo, isifo sofuba asiveli ndawo. Ngokuvamile abathwali banabantu abanesifo sofuba (abanesifo semikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka kanye nezinto zasendlini), kanye nezilwane - ikakhulukazi ezincane, izinkomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kutholakala kungadluliselwa ngamaconsi amancane, ngothuli oluqukethe izinhlayiyana zokutheleleka (inothi: leli bhakthi lingahlala endaweni eyodwa kuze kube unyaka futhi lingabonakali ngokushesha; ukubhujiswa kwalo emkhathini wangaphandle kusetshenziswe ukukhanya kwelanga, ukubilisa nokugcoba ngemisebe ekhethekile ), ngokusebenzisa inyama etholakala kuma-bacteria anesifo sezilwane, kanye nokungenisa ngokulimala esikhumbeni.
Ngokuvamile, isifo sofuba, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo, sibonakala ezinganeni ezindala nasezingane zesikole. Okuvamile kakhulu, futhi ngeshwa, ukuvikeleka okungu-100% kulokhu ukutheleleka kungukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux (inothi: lokhu ku-inoculation kwenziwa ezinganeni uma befunda emabangeni 4, 7, 10, kanye no-inoculations ngesifo sofuba kwenziwa esibhedlela esibhedlela sokubeletha ngo-3, 5 no-7 usuku olulandelayo emva kokuzalwa, kunezinketho zokwenza kamuva) - okuthiwa ukugoma, okwenzelwe izingane ezineminyaka ehlukene. Lokhu kugonywa kwe-bacillus ye-tubercle ngesilinganiso esincane, esiza ukubona ukuthi kukhona ukutholakala kwesifo sofuba emzimbeni wengane, noma ngokuphambene nokuqinisa ukuzivikela kwayo. Indlela yokunquma ukuthi ingane yakho inomphumela omuhle noma cha? Ukulandelana kwalokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ngamamitha ambalwa, uma kusekhona ukutheleleka emzimbeni, kuzovele kubonakale ngokwakho: okokuqala, ngendlela yokutshala indawo yomjovo, ubomvu, ukushisa okungenzeka, futhi kwandise indawo yokufakelwa kwamanye ama-12 mm. Kulesi simo, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho we-TB ngokushesha.
Singabona kanjani izimpawu zesifo sofuba, ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphansi kweziphi izinhlobo? Lokhu kuzoxoxwa kamuva.
Siphila esikhathini esithuthuka kakhulu, lapho izingane ezikoleni zithola umthwalo omkhulu, kanti zisaqhubeka nezigaba ezengeziwe futhi zenza izinto zokuzilibazisa. Kulokhu
imbangela yokuphefumula okujwayelekile, ukukhathala ngisho nokuqina, abazali bangase bangaboni izimpawu ezicacile zokuthuthukisa isifo esithathelwanayo. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zesifo sofuba zihlanganisa: ukukhathala, izinga lokushisa, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukukhathala, ukukhula okunamandla, i-tachycardia, ukuvuvukala kwe-lymph node, ukushisa komkhuhlane, ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu besisu kanye nobunzima lapho ucindezela isisu, ngezinye izikhathi ukwandisa isibindi nesipere. Ngokuvamile, isigaba sokuqala sesifo sofuba sifana kakhulu nomkhuhlane, lapho ingane inomkhuhlane ophikisanayo nomkhuhlane omkhulu - uma izidakamizwa eziphikisana nomkhuhlane zingasiza, lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuqala lokutheleleka. Uma kukhona izinsolo zalesi sifo, okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukwenza i-x ray, kaningi umuntu angabona ukumnyama emmpandeni wamaphaphu noma ezinye izitho kuye ngokuthi, kusukela esilweni, kodwa lokhu akuyona inkomba ekhanyayo njalo. Uphawu oluvame kakhulu luyisilinganiso sokushisa okuphezulu, okuhlala isikhathi eside kunomkhuhlane ojwayelekile noma ukushisa okuvamile, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes yamaqembu amaningana, uma ukuhlolwa okuvamile kunikezwa, bese egazini - ukwanda kwe-ESR (inothi: isilinganiso se-sedimentation ye-erythrocyte), emaphakathini - imigqa engapheli, emceni - inani elikhulu lamaprotheni.
Kubalulekile ukuhlala ngokuningiliziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo sofuba kanye nezibonakaliso zayo, futhi ucabange ngokuqapha ukuze ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kungaguli.
- Uma ingane inokwanda: ukunyuka okuncane kokushisa, kanye nokuvuvukala kwamakhansela, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi emzimbeni wakhe wangenelela ku-bacillus ye-tubercle, ehlinzeka nge-toxins ekhethekile ephazamisa impilo yomuntu noma yimuphi umuntu. Lolu hlobo lokutheleleka lubizwa nge- tubercular ukudakwa , okuvame kakhulu phakathi kwezingane . Uma unesikhathi sokulandelela le fomu esikoleni sokuqala, singasilula kalula, kodwa kuphela uma uhlanganisa: ukwelashwa okwenziwe udokotela, ukuvivinya umzimba nokuhamba emoyeni ohlanzekile, kanye nesimiso esikhethekile nsuku zonke - ingane yakho izophumula ngokushesha.
- Ngokuvamile izingane zithola isifo sofuba sezinhlayiya ze- bronchial . Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zalolu hlobo lwesifo zifana nomkhuhlane, njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni (ukushisa, ukukhwehlela). Kodwa lolu hlobo lwesifo sofuba alubonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesimo sokushisa okuphezulu. Ingane iqala ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngokujulile, iyakhathala ngokushesha futhi ivuke kakhulu, ukukhwehlela kuyaqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Isifo sofuba samaphaphu sivame kakhulu kubantu abadala, kepha izingane nazo ziyagula, kodwa zivame kakhulu. Lapho izingane ezikhanyayo zishaywa, isibonakaliso esicacile nakakhulu sekhulu salokhu ukushisa okuphezulu. I-Pulmonary TB inzima kakhulu ukuphulukisa ezinganeni kunesifo sofuba sezinhlayiya ze-bronchial. Kodwa uma uqala ukwelashwa ngezikhathi futhi ulwa nesifo ngokuqinile futhi uqhubeka, ungakwazi ukunqoba lesi sifo.
- Isifo sofuba samathambo noma amalunga angabangela ukwakheka kwe-hump noma ukuzinyala uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwanga ngesikhathi. Ngokuvamile kulesi sifo, izingane zikhononda ngobuhlungu emajoyini, imisipha - udinga ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha, kungenjalo ngemuva kwesikhathi bangase baqale ukuphoqa.
- Enye yezinhlobo ezimbi kunazo zonke zesifo sofuba yisifo sofuba sabantu abathintekayo noma isifo sofuba. Ngokuvamile, kubonakala kubantwana emindeni lapho kukhona kakade isiguli esinesifo sofuba ngendlela evulekile. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwengane kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yikuphi uhlobo lwalesifo.
Ukubamba iqhaza, noma yikuphi ingane enesivumelwano sokutheleleka kufanele ibe ngaphansi kokuqapha kukaDokotela, uthathe izidakamizwa ezithile ngesikhathi esifanele, ulandele isimiso esikhethekile sosuku, uchithe isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle, futhi uma kungenzeka, uhlale emzaneni, e-cottage - in noma yikuphi indawo lapho kusondelene khona imvelo (inothi: ngoba lesi sifo sidinga inani elikhulu lokusetshenziswa komoya okwenziwe ngomzimba), izinqubo zamanzi kanye nokushisa ilanga nakho kuyadingeka, kodwa ngenani elilinganiselwe. Ngokwezibalo, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izifo zesifo sofuba zikhula minyaka yonke emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo senziwa ngendlela evulekile, lapho umuntu oyedwa engakwazi ukuthelela inqwaba, ngisho nezinkulungwane zabantu. Ngeshwa, lesi sifo singabamba kokubili abadala nabantwana. Ngakho-ke, ekuphetheni, ngingathanda ukunikeza izincomo ezincane kodwa eziphawulekayo kubo bonke abazali mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ukunciphisa amathuba okugula kwengane yabo ngaleli gciwane:
- Kubalulekile ukugoma ngesifo sofuba ngesikhathi, ngaphandle kokulibala;
- Njalo ngonyaka i-Mantoux kufanele ishintshwe, kanye nezingane ezisakhula, njenge-addition-fluroography;
- Uma udokotela wezingane egxeka ukuba khona kwegciwane emzimbeni womntanakho, udinga ngokushesha ukuya kuchwepheshe we-TB ophethe le nkinga;
- Uma kukhona ukusola noma ibhethri esitholiwe kakade, ingane kufanele ihambisane nayo yonke imiyalelo enqunywe udokotela, futhi kuphela abazali abangasiza ingane yabo ukuba inqobe lesi sifo.
- Kubalulekile ukunikeza ingane yakho isikhathi esiningi: kufanele athole inani elanele lokucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ukukhuni, ukungasebenzi ngokweqile nokuningi emoyeni ovulekile;
- Ukugxila okuphoqelekile emithethweni yengane yengane yakho kuzonciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuthola izifo.
Manje uyakwazi ukubona isifo sofuba ekuqaleni kwezigaba ezinganeni. Futhi khumbula, bazali abathandekayo, siphila ekhulwini lama-21, lapho kungekho izifo ezingelapheki, sidinga kuphela ukuqapha impilo yezingane zethu kanye nesikhathi sokukwazi ukubona ukugula okungathí sina ukuze sikwazi ukunqoba kanye nhlobo.