Izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, lapho ingane iqala ngaphakathi kwakho, akuyona nje injabulo kuphela, kodwa igcwele injabulo. Yikuphi ukucwaninga okudingeka kwenziwe? Igama elithi "placenta previa" lisho ukuthini? Ingabe i-ultrasound iphephile? Phonsa injabulo engadingekile, thola phansi. Kulesi sihloko uhanjiswa ngemibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokukhulelwa.
Utshwala luyithinta kanjani ukukhulelwa?
Ukuphuza noma ukungaphuzi umbuzo. Yiqiniso, ukuphuza utshwala nokukhulelwa akufaniseki - lokhu kuyaqondakala. Kuthiwani ngesilazi sewayini noma ubhiya? Kungenzeka yini ukuphuza okuncane eholidini noma njengaleyo, ngokuthanda? Odokotela baphendula - yebo, ungakwazi. Kuphela uma ungakhulelwe. Ingilazi yewayini elibomvu noma ingilazi yobhiya, yebo ehle kunazo zonke futhi ebiza kakhulu, kulokhu, iyingozi ngendlela efanayo. Futhi uma ulinda ingane futhi uzoqhubeka nokulibeletha - ungafaki utshwala kuze kube sekupheleni kokudla. Ngoba konke okuphuzayo, kungena egazini nase-placenta. Lezi zilinganiso azilimazi kuwe, futhi umzimba womntwana awukwazi ukubhekana nazo. Isibindi sakhe asikhuliswa kakhulu (uma ngabe sithuthukile) ukuhlanza igazi. Zonke utshwala zihlala naye, zithonya zonke izitho nezinhlelo. Lokhu kusongelwa ukuthi ingane ingazalwa maduzane kakhulu, ukuthi uzoba nezinkinga ekuthuthukiseni impilo yengqondo nengqondo, ukuthi inhliziyo yakhe ngeke isebenze ngendlela efanele. Ingabe uphuze utshwala uma ungazi ngokukhulelwa? Lokhu akusihle kakhulu, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Phakathi namasonto amabili okuqala, umbungu uphephile.
Iziphi izivivinyo ezilindele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Uzonikezwa ukuhlolwa kwe-cytology nencazelo yeqembu legazi - lokhu kuyadingeka wonke umuntu. Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, udokotela uzophinde ahlele ukuhlaziywa kwe-glucose egazini. Uzonquma ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, futhi uyasebenza ekutholeni isifo sofuba nesifo sofuba. Njalo ngenyanga kufanele uhlole ukuthi izinso zisebenza kanjani. Ukuhlaziywa kwama-urine kuzokwethula umkhondo we-urinary kanye nokutheleleka kwegazi - isibonelo, i-anemia. Isivivinyo se-toxoplasmosis sinquma ukuthi unama-antibodies ngokumelene nama-parasites abangela lesi sifo. Kuyingozi kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kodwa bangaphulukiswa.
Isifo sikashukela nokukhulelwa - kuyingozi yini?
Lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukubhekana nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin eyanele - ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, izinga leshukela legazi liphuma. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi kukhona usongo wesifo sikashukela, kungenzeka kube khona ushukela kumchamo. Ingatholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, okwenzeka phakathi kweviki lama-24 nesama-28 lokukhulelwa. Udinga ukukhathazeka kunanini ngaphambili, uma uvame ukuzwa ukomile futhi uvame ukuya endlini yangasese. Ungakhathazeki lezi zibonakaliso - isifo sikashukela sinengozi kwengane. Udokotela wakho cishe uzotusa ukudla okufanele, ukuphathwa kwesisindo, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo kwegazi (i-glucometer ingaqashwa) kanye nokuphathwa kwe-insulin.
Ingabe ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuyingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Lapha kunombuso olula: uma ngabe uhlanganyela ezemidlalo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, qhubeka uwenza, futhi uma ungakwenzi, akufanele uqale. Ungayeki umzimba ngenxa yokuthi ukhulelwe. Ukuyeka imfundo engokwenyama, kufanele kube nezizathu ezinhle zesimo sempilo. Yebo. Kunemidlalo ethile evunyelwe abesifazane abakhulelwe. Lokhu ukugibela, ukuhamba ngezimoto, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, kanye ne-tennis kanye ne-marathon egijima. Kodwa kunconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubhukuda, ukuhamba, i-yoga, ukuzivocavoca nge-fit-ole ngisho nokudansa! Ukuvocavoca akusizi nje ukulawula isisindo. Kuyasiza futhi ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ukunakwa sicela! Uma uzizwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba emzimbeni esezansi noma ekuqaleni kokuphuma kwegazi - ngokushesha uthintane nodokotela.
Ingabe kuyimpoqo owesifazane okhulelwe ukuba aye kudokotela wamazinyo?
Ngokuqinisekile, yebo! Futhi, ukuvumelana emhlanganweni nodokotela bamazinyo kungcono ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Ukuze uphathe amazinyo, ukususa i-plaque kubalulekile nje ngalesi sikhathi. Uma ulindele ingane, ukubola kwezinyo kuyinkinga enkulu. Amazinyo angenayo angamasango avulekile emzimbeni wengane ngezifo ezehlukene. Ziza kuye ngegazi futhi zingaholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-gom ivame ukuphuma, okungesiyo isifo njalo. Kusengcono ukubona udokotela.
Umbala wezinwele uthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa?
Konke kuxhomeke kulokho umbala oyisebenzisayo. Kunezinhlayiyana ezingenayo i-ammonia kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokuvikelwa. Ingasetshenziswa kuze kube yi-trimester yesithathu. Noma kunjalo, namanje kunconywa ukuba ugweme noma yikuphi ukubola kuze kube sevikini le-12 lokukhulelwa nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Izinguquko zemizwelo evamile zivamile?
Yebo, nabesifazane abakhulelwe lokhu kwenzeka njalo. Injabulo, ukudabuka, izinyembezi nenjabulo futhi - yilokho isimo esivamile sesifazane okhulelwe. Lokhu kuvamile! Beka konke - ama-hormone. Ngokuqondile, umehluko emzimbeni. Izinga labanye landa, kanti abanye - behla kakhulu. Futhi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngesivinini esinjalo kangangokuthi akumangalisi ukuthi imizwelo ikhona. Ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo kubonakala kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-trimester. Esikhathini sesibili uzoba nokuthula - umzimba usetshenziselwa imephu entsha ye-hormonal.
Ukuqaphela kanjani ekutheleleni kwangempela ngesikhathi ukhulelwe?
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhishwa okuningi kukhishwe kunokujwayelekile. Ngokumelene nemvelaphi yalezi zimfihlo, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa lesi sifo. Uma bengenalo amanzi, ubisi, ngephunga elimnandi, elibukeka sengathi ngaphambi kokuya esikhathini - konke kulungile. Ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, lokhu kukhishwa kubonakala ngobuningi kangangokuthi akukho namaphilitiki angasetshenziswa. Uma ukukhishwa kwesisu kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhakeni, ukukhwabaniswa kwe-curd kanye nephunga elimnandi (nokushisa, ukuvuza) - konke lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi uhlushwa ukutheleleka kwe-fungal noma ibhaktheriya kwesifazane. Unganqikazi ukuvakashela udokotela. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha.
Ungadla kanjani ngesikhathi ukhulelwe?
Lona ngumbuzo ovame ukubuzwa ngokuphathelene nokukhulelwa, okukhathazeka cishe bonke abesifazane. Into esemqoka okudingeka uhambisane nayo - ukudla kumele kube nokuphilile futhi kugcwele. Ukudla njalo, kodwa ezinxenyeni ezincane - isisekelo sempilo yakho. Izithelo nemifino eningi (850 amagremu ngosuku), izinhlobo ezincane zamafutha ezinkukhu, izinkukhu noma inhlanzi, ikakhulukazi olwandle. Qiniseka ukuthi udla amaqanda (izikhathi ezingu-3-5 ngesonto), zonke izinkwa zesinkwa, okusanhlamvu, ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi (ama-servings amathathu ngosuku). Gwema ushizi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukudla okulwandle okuluhlaza kanye nenhlanzi, inyama eluhlaza, i-ayisikhilimu, ikhofi (kubandakanya ngenxa yengozi evela ku-caffeine).
Yimiphi imithi engakwazi ukuthathwa ngabesifazane abakhulelwe?
Umthetho obalulekile: ungathathi umuthi ngokwakho ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela, ngisho namavithamini. Kumele uthathe: i-folic acid, insimbi (uma ungenayo i-anemia), amavithamini (uma udla kahle, cishe ngeke uyidinge). Kodwa khumbula - ezinye zazo kufanele zigweme! Lezi amavithamini A, D, E, K. Uma unesifo sikashukela, ukutheleleka kwamagciwane noma ukuphuma kwamagciwane, umfutho wegazi ophakeme - qaphela noma yimiphi imithi. Lezi zifo ziyingozi kumama nengane. Ingabe uhlaselwa ikhanda, izinkinga zokulala, amakhaza, ukushaya inhliziyo? Noma kunjalo, zama ukwenza ngaphandle kokuthatha imithi. Abaphephile, noma ngabe yini abakushoyo kuwe ekukhangiseni. Lumela noma uzame ukusebenzisa amayeza omuntu ongahlanzekile.
Iyini i- placenta previa? Kunokuba kuyingozi?
Lena yimibuzo evame ukubuzwa abesifazane abaningi. Kwenzeka ukuthi i-placenta iyindawo engavamile - engxenyeni engezansi yesibeletho ngakho-ke ihlanganisa intamo yayo. Lesi esinye sezimbangela zokugaya abesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngokuvamile udokotela ukhetha lokhu ngesikhathi se-ultrasound, futhi ngokuvamile lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele wenze isigaba se-cearean. Esimweni esinjalo, udinga ukugwema ukuzivocavoca umzimba futhi ngokujwayelekile noma yimiphi imithwalo. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nobulili buyaphikisana. Ngokubheka njalo nokuphathwa ngokucophelela, ukukhulelwa kungaqedwa ngokuphelele futhi kunikezwe ukuzalwa (ngisho nosizo lwama-cearean) wengane enempilo.
Ingabe isisindo esiningi sinengozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Yebo, futhi, wena nomntwana. Ukuthola isisindo esiphephile kuphakathi kuka-10 no-17 kg. Ngokusho odokotela. Isisindo sikhula ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yesisindo somntwana ngokwawo, i-placenta, i-amniotic fluid, isisu, isifuba, izicubu ezinamafutha nokwanda kwegazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kudingeka ube nesisindo ngokuvumelana. Uma isisindo sakho siphenduka esimisweni esamukelekile - thintana nodokotela. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, noma yikuphi ukudla kokusindiswa kwesisindo kunqatshelwe!
Ukukhulelwa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu - kuyini ingozi?
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-preeclampsia ivame ukubonwa - umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kungenxa yalokho. Ukuthi umzimba ugcwele ngokweqile. Ukuba khona kwenkinga kuboniswa kuqala kokukhona kwamaprotheni emcintini. Khumbula: akukho ukwelashwa kokweqile kwegazi kuyingozi kumama nengane. Ukushisa komzimba kungancishiswa ngemithi, ukudla nokuzivocavoca. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi (ezimweni ezingavamile) kuyadingeka ukuba uhlale esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okungeziwe noma ukulethwa kokuqala.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukubonakala kwamanothi elula ngesikhathi ukhulelwe?
Ngeshwa, le nqubo ayinakugwenywa. Isikhumba sithundukile, futhi ezindaweni ezolulayo ziba mncane futhi izibazi zivele. Ikonakala ikakhulukazi esiswini nesifuba. Ungabanciphisa futhi ubenze zingabonakali kancane. Nsuku zonke, uhlambulule isikhumba ngesandla esigulini esithambile endaweni yokujikeleza. Ngemuva kokugeza, sebenzisa u-lotion kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye kanye ngesonto, sebenzisa umzimba. Futhi ungakhohlwa nge-bra - kuyasiza uma isifuba sinzima.
Iyini impikiswano kaRhesus?
Uma umama wesikhathi esizayo eneqembu lika-Rh elibi legazi - lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Ingane kaningi ithatha i-Rhesus enhle, ngakho-ke umzimba we-Rh-hasi umama uphatha ngokuhlukumezeka, ukhiqiza ama-antibodies ngokumelene nama-fetal cells. Ukungqubuzana kubangela, okuvame ukuholela ekukhipha isisu noma ukubeletha. Ingozi encane ingasongela ingane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala, kanti okulandelayo kungabangela ukuba i-anemia ye-fetus. Lokhu kungahambisani kungavinjelwa ngokunikeza i-immunoglobulin emzimbeni womama. Inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi yenziwa kuphela esibhedlela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa odokotela.
Ngingahlanganyela yini ocansini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Yebo. Lokhu akuvunyelwe. Uma kungekho okuphikisanayo (isibonelo, i-placenta previa, ukukhubazeka komlomo wesibeletho), khona-ke ungase ube nobulili kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zokukhulelwa. Ungamangazi uma uzizwa unesifiso esingenakuqondiswa ngokomzimba. Kuyinto enkulu kakhulu ku-trimester yesibili yokukhulelwa - lokhu kungenxa yezinga eliphezulu lama-estrogens ne-progesterone. Into eyinhloko ukwazi ukuthi izinga lilingani futhi lenze kahle. Ungavumeli ubuhlungu, ungabuyeli ekuthumeni okukhulu.
Indlela yokubala usuku lokuzalwa ngendlela efanele?
Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lokugcina esikhathini, khipha izinyanga ezintathu. Isibonelo, inyanga kaMeyi 20 - 3 = February 20. Bese useza izinsuku ezingu-7 ngosuku olutholiwe (Februwari 20 + 7 izinsuku = February 27). Usuku lokuphela usuku olulinganiselwa lokubeletha. Kodwa kaningi ingane izalwa esikhathini esinqunyiwe kuya ngokunemba kosuku. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka phakathi kweviki lama-37 no-42. Ukukhulelwa kuhlukaniswe ngamagama amathathu: owokuqala kuya kumaviki angu-13, okwesibili - kusukela ngesonto eli-14 kuya kwelama-27, isithathu - kusuka ngeviki 28 kuya ku-40.