Ungamisa kanjani ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia ezinganeni

I-Myopia ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo kokungahambisani namandla okukhanyisa ubukhulu be-cornea obukhulu be-eyeball. Kungenzeka ngamehlo nge-stene kakhulu, i-cornea ekhanda kakhulu futhi evamile, noma ngisho nehlisiwe amehlo, noma emehlweni amakhulu kakhulu. Ukuhluka okuqala kwe-myopia kuvame ukuhambisana nokudluliswa kwesimo se-cornea neso.

Futhi ngokuphambene nombono ovelele wamehlo e-myopic kulawa bantu abantu bancane futhi banezindaweni ezincane zokuvinjelwa kwe-cornea. Ngokuvamile, ukukhishwa okunjalo kwenzeka kwizihlobo eziseduze zesiguli, njengoba ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa uhlobo oluthile lwe-autosomal. Lezi zingane zibhekwa ngobuningi obubonakalayo obubonakalayo kude ngaphandle kwezibuko, ngisho ne-high-degree myopia. Imininingwane mayelana nalesi sifo nokuqhubeka kwayo - kusihloko esihlokweni esithi "Ungamisa kanjani ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia ezinganeni."

Ngokuvamile, abazali bayaqaphela ukuthi ingane ibheka izithombe noma amathoyizi, eduze kakhulu kwamehlo abo, futhi lokhu kubangelwa indlela ethile yokucacisa umbono. Ku-fundus, njengombuso, azikho izimpawu zesimo sokuxilongwa kwe-anteroposterior axis iso - i-crescent ye-myopic, i-cone kusukela eceleni kwesikhala se-optic nerve disk noma ngisho ne-staphyloma ezungezile. Ayikho i-depletion ye-membranes yeso, lapho imikhumbi emikhulu ye-choroidal ibonakala ngendwangu eselulekile ye-epithelium ye-pigment. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azikho izimpawu zenkambo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-myopia enezinguquko endaweni ye-macular, ukunciphisa i-retina ne-dystrophy ngasendlini. Ezinganeni zesikole esikhulile, uma kukhona i-myopia eqhubekayo, izinguquko ezinjalo, isibonelo, ezungeze i-distic nererve disc, kungenzeka, kodwa azihambisani ngokuqinile ngezinga le-myopia. I-ophthalmometry izobonisa ukwehla emkhakheni wokuvinjelwa kwe-cornea nokunyuka kwamandla ayo okukhanyisa uma kuqhathaniswa nesimiso seminyaka yobudala. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kuzobonisa ukuthi ubukhulu beso i-PZO lihambisana nesikhathi noma ngaphansi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufeza i-biometrics yeso ezindizeni ezimbili: okuyi-horizontal ne-sagittal. Nge-myopia, iso ligcina isimo se-ellipsoidal, esivamile sesilwane esinempilo, njengokungathi ngesigxobo esiphansi saso iso. Ngakho-ke, ngamehlo enempilo, i-axis enezingqimba izoba mkhulu. Ubuhlobo obunjalo buvame kakhulu ku-myopia. Ukulungiswa kwe-optical rational of the eyes kubantwana abanjalo kukhuthaza ukuzinza kokukhipha futhi akudingi ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo noma okuhlinzayo.

Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kokuhluka kwesibili kwe-myopia, ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu be-eyeball. Kuyinto ejwayelekile kulo njengokwanda kwesikhala se-anteroposterior ne-horizontal axis iso. Futhi ngenxa yesimo se-ellipsoidal, ubukhulu besibini bukhulu nakakhulu. Ngeshwa, ngalokhu okuhlukile kwe-myopia, ukunyuka okungajwayelekile ekubunjweni kweso le-eye kungase kungabi ngenxa yobudala kuphela, kodwa futhi kubangelwa yizinto ezibangelwa yi-intrauterine eziholela ekuphazamiseni ekubunjweni kweso. Ezimweni eziningi, kungaba ukutheleleka kwe-intrauterine yesisu, ukudakwa kwesisu. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zalo zitholakala ngesimo esidala se-chorioretinal foci noma i-white foci engakaze ibonakale emkhakheni we-retina. Kukholelwa ukuthi kulezi zimo ukuthi kungase kube nokunciphisa ubuningi bokubukeka okubukwayo ngokulungiswa, okubizwa ngokuthi "i-amblyopia" (ngokuvamile engenakuhlinzeka ngemithi). Ezigulini ezinamehlo amakhulu kakhulu, i-autosomal uhlobo oluphindaphindiwe lwefa livame ukubonwa, okuvame ukuholela ekuthuthukiseni kwe-myopia eyinkimbinkimbi. Kusobala ukuthi indlela kuphela yokuphatha iziguli ezinjalo nge-myopia ukulungiswa okunengqondo ngezingilazi ezingekho emthethweni noma amalingo okuxhumana (nge-myopia ephezulu) ekuvimbeleni i-amblyopia nokuqhubeka kwe-myopia. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi nge-myopia engaphezu kwe-2 D, odokotela abaningi banamathele ekugqokeni okugunyaziwe kwamathuluzi okulungisa lapho benza umsebenzi obala. Lokhu kusiza ukugwema ukuguqulwa okwenyuka okuhambisana nokufakwa kokuvala okusohlo kweso, kuvimbela ukwehlisa indawo yokuhlala kanye nokuqhubeka kwe-myopia. Yiqiniso, esimweni sokumisa se-myopia, lezi zingane azidingi ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzwa okunzima. Ngeshwa, ukulungiswa okungabonakali kombono nomthwalo omkhulu wokubukwa kungadala ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-myopia. Futhi ngokushesha lapho kwenzeka, okubi kakhulu futhi kungabangela ukuba kube nemopia eyinkimbinkimbi. Kulezi zimo kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe ukwelashwa okuhloswe ukuqiniswa kwenqubo yokuqeda i-myopia eqhubekayo.

Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu nge-myopia esimile, imibuzo yokulungiswa kokuboniswa kombono ingaxoxwa. Futhi ukuhluka okuqala kwe-myopia cishe kuyona kuphela icala le-orientation ye-pathogenetic ye-keratorefrakion imisebenzi. Ngokuyinhloko, ukulungiswa kwe-laser excimer, lapho "cornea" eqinisweni ngempela iqedwa ekuthuthukiseni i-myopia. Manje siyazi ukuthi singamisa kanjani ukuqhubeka kwe-myopia ezinganeni.