Lesi sifo asikaze sihlolwe ngokugcwele, okunikeza amathuba amaningi okucwaninga okuqhubekayo, ukudalulwa kanye nencazelo yokukhathazeka kokulungiswa.
Umqondo uqobo we "alalia" uye waphindwa kabusha futhi waguqulwa. Ukungqubuzana phakathi koososayensi kusalokhu kuqhubeka, ezindabeni zegama lesiqephu, izindlela zokulungisa, kanye nokuhlelwa, ngaphansi kwe-alalia. Namuhla, iningi elingaphansi kwe- alalia liqonda ukungabikho noma ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo, ngenxa yomonakalo ongokwemvelo kwezinye izindawo zokukhuluma ze-cortex ye-cerebral. Ngokujwayelekile isifo esinjalo siqala ngisho nangesikhathi sokubeletha noma sokuqala kwengane yentuthuko.
Yini i-Alalia?
I-Alalia iyinhlangano engathuthukiyo yokukhulumisana, lapho isici sefontiki-phonemic siphulwa khona, kanye nesistimu ye-lexico-uhlelo lohlelo.
Ngokuvamile, lapho kwenzeka isifo esinjalo, inqubo yokukhulumisana, njengombuso, izokwenzeka ezimweni zesimo sezinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi. Ngokwezibonakaliso zayo kanye nobukhulu bokuthuthukiswa kwezilimi, i-alalia ingcono kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, ngokwezinga lokuhlukanisa ifomu, lesi sifo sihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana. Okuvame kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa kwe-topological alalia. Lesi sigaba sisekelwe ezimweni zokucabangela ukutholakala kwendawo ye-brain lesion.
Hlanganisa amakilasi anjalo alalia:
I-Motor alalia - (isikhungo sikaBraca) sibonakala ngokuphazamiseka esigabeni esiphakathi se-analyzer motor analyzer;
I-Sensory alalia - ihambisana nesilonda sezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-analyzer ephindaphindiwe, futhi ibuye ibonakale njengesihluthulelo sesithathu esilandelayo se-gyrus yesimanje esiphezulu;
I-Sensomotor alalia - ivame ukuhlanganisa izimpawu zala alalia ezimbili ezingenhla.
Ukulungiswa.
I-Allaia, njenganoma isiphi isifo, ingaphansi kokwelashwa nokuvinjelwa. Ukwelashwa kuka-alalia kungukulungiswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngosizo lomphumela oyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yalokho.
Indlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphansi kwe-alalia ihlose ukwakheka kwayo yonke imisebenzi yokukhuluma, futhi inqubo ende futhi echitha isikhathi. Ngenxa yokulungiswa, umuntu angabona umthelela ekwakheni inkulumo, ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wokuqonda, ukuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emoto, ukwakheka kwemidwebo yesisekelo sembalo, ukwakheka kwesigaba somqondo-ngokomqondo, njalonjalo. Umsebenzi wokulungisa uhlose ngokuyinhloko ukunqoba i-alalia, ukudala izindlela zokukhuluma. Umsebenzi wenziwa enkulumweni nasebuntwini ngokugcwele, amaphethini okuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wokukhuluma kanye nemithetho yesakhiwo sohlelo lolimi kuthathwa ngokucabangela. Ngakho-ke, lapho wenza zonke izenzo ezidingekayo: isisusa sakhiwe; ukuchithwa kwalo kwe-lexical kwenziwa; kukhona ukukhethwa kwegama lexical negrammatical; ukuhlelwa kwegrama kufezeke; Uhlelo lwangaphakathi lwamazwi; inhloso yokukhulumisana isakhiwe;
Ukuthuthukisa inkulumo yokukhulumisana kuyaqala, ukuqala ngamandla okusebenzisa ulwazi ngokucophelela, ukulinganisa izimo ezihlukahlukene, nokulawula amandla. isiqondiso esibalulekile futhi esiwusizo ukuthuthukiswa kwezinyathelo ezingahambisani nokukhuluma. Ngokuvamile le ndlela isetshenziselwa izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo.
Indlela yokuxhumana nengane?
Ukuyinkimbinkimbi yenkulumo, kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni kwengane engavinjelwe, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuxhumana njalo, nazo zonke izinqubo ezihlobene ngokuqondile nenkulumo. Khona-ke abazali banemibuzo, indlela yokuhlela ukukhulumisana nomntwana ongakhulumi emndenini? Umthetho oyinhloko wabazali yizinyathelo zokulungisa ngesikhathi esifanele, kanye nokuxhumana njalo nengane. Ngenxa yalokhu, iqiniso elilodwa kufanele libhekwe. Ukuphila komuntu kungaphansi kwesigqi esithile, njengoba kuboniswa ngesigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukujula kwezinhliziyo, ukushintsha kwezonyaka, izingxenye zosuku, nokunye. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisana nengane engakhulumi, sebenzisa le mfanelo. Uma ukhuluma, unamathele kuphethini yesigqi esiqinile. Indlela engcono yokuxhumana kuyoba izingoma nezinkondlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkondlo nezingoma zezingane zingakhethwa kunoma yisiphi isenzakalo. Enye incomo ekusetshenzisweni kokukhulumisana kwevesi yiqiniso lokuthi njengoba izingane zikwazi ukuqonda kahle ivesi, ngakho-ke le nqubo yokuxhumana iyophumelela kakhulu. Futhi, uma ukhulumisana, sebenzisa ukuvumelanisa kwenkulumo nokunyakaza kwamalungu amakhulu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukunyakaza kwamajoka namajoyombe. Futhi, ngesikhathi sokukhulumisana, kufanele usebenzise amasu athuthukiswe ngendlela yezabelo zemidlalo. Ukuthola izifiso nezidingo zomntwana, sebenzisa nokuthinta, ngenkathi ubiza amagama, amagama, izenzo zakho njalo. Memezela konke, ngokucindezela ngokucacile isilawuli ngasinye. Isibonelo, uma unikeza ukudla, yiza nomlolotelo omncane, noma uthi "ku-sha-ti" ngokucacile, ngenkathi usebenzisa isenzo esifanele esifakwe ochwepheshe, noma osungulwe nguwe, ucabangela amandla omntwana.
Ungamphoqeleli ukuthi ingane iphinde iphinde iphoqe, uma kukhona okungahambi kahle. Yiba nokuthula nokubekezela, ungakhohlwa ukudumisa ingane yakho impumelelo. Khumbula ukuthi kuphela ngokuhlanganiswa nokwelashwa, sebenzisa ochwepheshe kanye nomsebenzi wakho oqondile nomntwana ongayifinyelela umphumela oyifunayo. Ungabuyiselwa ingane ngokukhulumisana, ake ephumule, lapho efuna okuthile, makazame ukutshela ngakho. Ngisho noma ingane ingenangqondo, qalisa ukuyihlisa, zama ukuqagela isifiso sakhe bese umcela ukuba abonise, noma athi (umsindo) lokho akufunayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhlela ukuxhumana nomntwana ongakhulumi, uzokwenzela inhlangano yesifiso-sicelo-umphumela enganeni.