Emazweni aseMpumalanga Yurophu, kunezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili zezinhlobo zezitshalo eziphakeme. Kodwa ingxenyana encane yalezi zitshalo, ezingaba ngu-2, 5 000, inayo yonke impahla yokuphulukisa. Ngokwenza, Nokho, cishe 10% yenani lezitshalo ezinezakhiwo zokwelashwa zisetshenzisiwe.
Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwelapha eziphezulu kakhulu zokwelapha yi-billet efanele. Izitshalo zokwelapha zivunwa kuphela endaweni enhle, esomile, emini, lapho isitshalo selivele selomile kusukela emvuleni noma ekuseni.
Uma izinto ezisebenzayo zesitshalo zokwelapha zingaphakathi kwezitho zangasese, iningi lezitshalo ezinjalo liyiqoqo emini. Uma izinto ezisebenzayo zingaphakathi kwezitho zangaphansi komhlaba, akube isikhathi sosuku noma isimo sezulu sokuqoqwa kwezitshalo ezinjalo sithintekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphambi kokumisa emasimini amaningi bahlanza. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi phakathi nokuthengwa kwempahla yokusetshenziswa kwemithi, kubalulekile ukugxilisa hhayi nje kuphela izinsuku ezinikezwe ikhalenda lokuvuna izitshalo, kodwa futhi phakathi nesigaba sokudla. Ngendlela, igama elithi "izitshalo" elisuka eLatin elithi word vegetatio lisho ukukhula, isimo sokusebenza okubalulekile kwezitshalo eziphilayo. Futhi kuphela lezo izingxenye nezitho zezitshalo zokwelapha eziqoqiwe, lapho izinto eziningi eziphilayo ezibuthelwa khona ziqoqa ngesikhathi semifino. Uma le mithetho ebalulekile ingalandelwa, izitshalo zokwelapha eziqoqiwe ngaphambi noma ngemuva kwesikhathi sokudla kungenzeka zingabi naluphi ukwelashwa emzimbeni wethu.
Masikhumbule futhi - ukuvuna izitshalo kudingekile ngaleso sikhathi lapho sebeqongelele ubuningi bezinto ezisebenzayo futhi bengakabi nesikhathi sokuzisebenzisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ezintsheni, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto ezisebenzayo zenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwazo; ezilimo eziyizigaxa, izimpande nama-rhizomes - ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa; futhi igxolo linenani elikhulu kakhulu entwasahlobo.
Ukuqoqwa ngokwemithetho yezitshalo zokwelapha kudinga ukuhlunga ngokucophelela, ukususa izitshalo ezingekho emithi ezibanjwe ngengozi kanye nokungcola kwangaphandle. Izimpande futhi ziqukethe izingxenye ezifile noma ezilahliwe zihlanjululwe ngokuphelele.
Futhi enye yemibandela yokuthola izinto ezibonakalayo zekhwalithi yilezi zinto zikhona lapho kukhona isitsha esomile, esingenasici, esihlanzekile ngokuphelele. Ukuqoqwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo zokwelapha kwisitsha esisodwa akusifisi.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izinso kufanele ziqoqwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho ziqala ukukhula futhi zivule, kodwa zingakaqali. Ngale fomu, izinso zinenani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto ezibhaliwe nge-balsamic ne-tarry. Uma izinso zikhulu, isibonelo, i-pine, kufanele inqunywe ngomese. Uma izinso ziyingcosana, i-birch, khona-ke zivunwa ngemuva kwamagatsha omisiwe. Izinso zivame ukuphela kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke kuhleleka ukuqedela iqoqo labo ngaphambi kokuba impuphu eluhlaza yezinso iphenduke eluhlaza, ekhombisa ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwazo.
Amagxolo nezihlahla nezitshalo zilungiswe kahle ekuqaleni kokunyakaza kwentwasahlobo yamanzi: ngokuvamile kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi. Amagxolo ngalesi sikhathi ahlukaniswe kahle nezinkuni. Ukuyiqoqa, ngommese obukhali kuyadingeka ukwenza izinhlamvu eziningana eziningana emagatsheni amancane omunye komunye ekude ka-25-30 cm. Khona-ke, ngokuzibandakanya kwe-longitudinal, xhuma izindandatho bese ususa amagxolo njengemifantu. Qoqa kuphela kangcono kunamagxolo, lapho ungqimba lwesikhomba (ingxenye efile ye-cortex) engekho.
Amahlamvu aqoqwe kangcono ngesikhathi sokuqala kwezitshalo zezimbali, kuvuna kuphela amaqabunga ase-basal, aphakathi naphakathi aphansi. Kudingekile ukuhlanza izinto eziluhlaza eziqoqiwe kusuka ezingcolile bese ubomisa.
Utshani kufanele uqoqwe ekuqaleni kokubhakabhaka kwawo, uthathe i-pruner, isikela noma ummese. Ngokukhula okuqinile kwezitshalo, zihlanjululwa nge-scythe ejwayelekile, bese zikhethwa ekutsheni.
Ama-inflorescences nezimbali zezitshalo zokwelapha ziqoqiwe ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuqhakaza, ziqothula ngezandla zabo. Izimbali kuphela ezivele ziqhakaze, kodwa zingakapheli, zilungisiwe.
Izinto ezicebile kakhulu eziphilayo ezisebenzayo ziyizithelo nembewu . Kulokhu, bavunwa emva kokuvuthwa okugcwele. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe emabhokisini okhuni noma amabhasikidi, ukushintsha utshani obujwayelekile zonke izendlalelo noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, iphepha elomile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izithelo azihlangani ndawonye futhi azifaki.
Izimpande nama-rhizomes angaqoqwa hhayi nje kuphela ngemva kokufa kwezinxenye zangaphakathi (ekwindla), kodwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqala (ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo). Ngemuva kokumba, izimpande ziyagxila emhlabathini, ingxenye yendiza inqunywe, izimpande ezincane nezindawo ezilimaziwe zisuswe. Izinto ezivela eluhlaza zihlanjululwa ngamanzi abandayo, zomile phezu kwe-tarpaulin noma i-litter ehlanzekile.
Ngokuvunwa okufanele kwezitshalo zokwelapha, balondoloza inani eliphelele lemithi edingekayo ekwelapheni izifo ezithile.