Iningi labantu alibi kakhulu ngesisindo sabo ngokweqile, kodwa ukwedlula ngokweqile izingane zabo akuzona ezibucayi kakhulu. Abazali, naphezu kokuqhathanisa, baqhubeke nokukhuphula ingane yabo ngamaswidi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ingane ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyisisekelo yomzimba. Emindenini lapho kunezinkinga zempahla, kunalokho, kunzima ukuhlinzeka ingane ngokudla okunomsoco, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo.
Ngokuvamile, izingane zasemakhaya zithatha idatha engavumelani ngokujwayelekile ukuze zithole izindinganiso zesisindo, nakuba le ndlela ingakaze isetshenziswe eNtshonalanga isikhathi eside, kodwa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-BMI (inqwaba yomsindo womntwana) isetshenziswe, lokhu kuyinkomba lapho isisindo sesisindo sinqunywa khona.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi umzimba wezingane unamandla okulwa kalula nokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ngisho noma ingane ingamakhilogremu engeziwe, isehlala iselula futhi isebenza. Izinkinga ziqala kamuva, ngokuvuthwa kocansi komzimba. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa komzimba kusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwesisekelo, esizobekwa umuntu kumpilo yonke. Uma umzimba wengane ugcwele ngokweqile, khona-ke imiphumela yalokhu izobonakala ngokucacile. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga esikhathini esizayo, wonke umzali kufanele azi ukuthi isisindo somntwana sihambisana nezindinganiso.
Umzimba wengane nengane ngesikhathi sokukhula inendawo yokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, ngokungafani nomzimba omdala. Imizimba yabo ikhula ngokwalo, ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezihlukene zokuthuthukiswa, ingane eyodwa ingase ihluke komunye umntwana, futhi isilinganiso sesisindo nokuphakama singase sihluke. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokunquma isisindo somzimba ngamunye kubantu abadala iyingxenye eyodwa kuphela lapha. Ukuze kutholakale isibonakaliso sesisindo somntwana, kwenziwa izifundo eziningi, okwaholela ekuboneni izinkomba ezijwayelekile ze-BMI zeminyaka ehlukene yezingane. Ngenxa yalezi zedatha, singathola ukuthi isisindo somntwana sihambisana nesikhathi esinikeziwe.
I-BMI yengane ibhekwa kanje:
BMI = Isisindo / (Ukuphakama ngamamitha) 2
Le ndlela yokubala ingasetshenziswa kubantu abadala, kodwa ifomula isetshenziselwa izingane ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-20. Muva nje, izinguquko zenziwe kule fomula ngendlela yokucacisa ama-coefficients, kodwa azithinti ngokuyinhloko inkomba yokugcina.
Thatha, isibonelo, ingane eneminyaka emibili ubudala ubude be-1 m no-20 cm ngesisindo se-17 kg. Ngendlela esisithola ngayo - BMI = 17: (1,2 2 ) = 11,8
Kodwa lezi coefficients inikeza ulwazi oluncane. Itholakala etafuleni elikhethekile le-BMI, elisetshenziswa abazali nabahlengikazi entshonalanga.
Imiyalo
Kubalulekile ukukala ukuphakama nobukhulu bomzimba wengane, bese ubala i-BMI usebenzisa ifomula. Maka eshadini amaphuzu anjalo wokuxhumanisa njenge-BMI yengane kanye neminyaka yakhe. Bhala iphuzu kugrafu.
Ngakho-ke, uneminyaka engu-2 ubudala, i-BMI = 11.8, ngokulandelanayo, ngokuhambisana ne-Age sibonisa iphuzu 2, futhi ku-BMI axis iphuzu liyi-11.8. Thola iphuzu lesiphambano sabo kulesi grafu. Leli phuzu libonisa isisindo esincishisiwe somntwana, ngoba iwela emgqeni wobuluhlaza.
Ngosizo lwesigrafu, singaphetha ngokuthi izinga lesisindo somntwana lilinganisani nokuphakama nobudala. Lona umehluko phakathi kokubala kobuningi ngokwendlela ye-BMI isimiso esivela ezindleleni ezijwayelekile ezamukelwe ngaphambili, i-calculus ekhombisa ukubhalisa noma umehluko emzimbeni wesisindo somntwana kusuka esimisweni, ngaphandle kokuthembela ekukhuleni kwayo.
Izilinganiso ezinjalo zesisindo nokukhula komzimba wengane kufanele zenziwe kanye ngenyanga ezinyangeni eziyisithupha futhi ziphawulwe egrafu, isb. iphuzu lokukhula kanye nephuzu le-BMI. Okulandelayo, sidinga ukuxhuma la maphuzu ku-curve ekhombisa inkambo yentuthuko ye-BMI nokuthi ngabe kukhona ukuthambekela kokuzicabangela ngokweqile.
Eceleni kwe-BMI kunezinombolo - lena iphesenti. Kubalulekile ukusetha iphuzu lekhasi kusukela kumaphuzu okulinganiswa kwengane yakho uma kuqhathaniswa namaphoyinti ahlasele okuholela kumaphesenti. Esikhathini esichazwe ngenhla, iphuzu lingaphansi kwe-5% line. Ngenxa yalokho, izingane ezincane ezingaphansi kwezingu-5 zalesi sizukulwane nokuphakama zinomzimba omkhulu kangaka. Futhi uma iphuzu, isibonelo, liseduze nomugqa wenkomba ye-20%, kusho ukuthi ama-20% wezingane zaleli qembu lobudala nokukhula banesisindo esinjalo.
Uma amaphuzu angaphezu komugqa wenkomba ka-85%, isisindo somntwana singaphezu kokujwayelekile, futhi uma ngaphezulu kuka-95%, ingane isivele isiphelile.