Izimpawu zesifo
Izifo ezinamazinyo ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zikhonjelwa ukuphuma kwegazi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene - ngezansi, ngokubunjwa kwe-hematoma, isisu noma isilonda somzimba. Kodwa-ke, ukuphuma kwegazi kungabuye kube umphumela wamathonya angaphandle - isibonelo, isilonda esisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi lapho kuhlolwa abantwana abasha. Ngezinye izikhathi, isifo esibi segazi siyatholakala ngemuva kokusoka. Ukubonakaliswa okuyingozi kakhulu kwalesi sifo kungukudla kwesisu, okungaba ngamacala angu-30% okuholela ekufeni noma ukulimala komqondo okuholela ekukhubazekeni. Isifo se-Hemorrhagic saziwa iminyaka engaba ngu-100, futhi ukulwa nalo ngokuqokwa kuka vithamini K kuqala kwaba yi-60s yekhulu lama-XX. Le vithamini ikhona emifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti futhi isakhiwe yi-bacterial microflora evamile yomathumbu womuntu. Kudingekile ukusiza izici eziningana zokweqa igazi, ukujoyina amaplatelets asebenzayo wezindwangu zegazi eziholela ekwakheni i-clot yegazi.
Ukwaneleka kwe-vitamin K ezinsana
Emzimbeni wengane kukhona inani elincinci le-vitamin K elizuzwa kumama, futhi alisakwazi ukuzakhela ngokwabo, ngoba amabhaktheriya adingekayo angatholakali emathunjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibindi sesana esisanda kuzalwa asikathuthuki ngokugcwele futhi asikwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokugcwele izici zokuvimba ezilindelekile kwe-vitamin-K. Konke lokhu, okuhlangene nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-vitamin K ebisi lomuntu, kwandisa ingozi yokugaya isisu. Izinsana zangaphambi kokuqala zisengozini enkulu. Ezinye izidakamizwa ezithathwe ezinyangeni zokugcina zokukhulelwa zingathinta umthambo we-vitamin K futhi ziveze ingane engozini yokugaya esikhathini sokuqala kwamahora angu-24 okuphila. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-anti-tuberculosis anticoagulants kanye namanye ama-anticonvulsants. Ukuvikela umntwana osanda kuzalwa kungenzeka nge-injection yokuqala ye-intramuscular of vitamin K. Kukhona nesifo esingavamile, esibizwa ngokuthi yisifo se-neonatal esiphelile, esivame ukubonakalisa eneminyaka engama-2-8 amasonto. Ngokuvamile kubathinta izingane ezibelethwe ngamabele, futhi zinezinkinga zemithi, ezifana nesifo sesibindi, isifo sohudo esingapheli kanye nezinkinga zokuthuthukiswa. Ngenxa yento yonke, ukuphuma okunjalo kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kuholele ekufeni noma ukukhubazeka okukhulu. Isifo esingaba nesifo esiyingqayizivele singavinjelwa ngempumelelo ngokumisela ukulungiselela okufanelekile kwe-vitamin K kuzo zonke izingane ngemuva kokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ngemuva kwalokhu kukhona izinsolo zesifo esiyingozi, uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zegazi zenziwa. I-Vitamin K isetshenziswe ngendlela evamile nge-injection ye-intramuscular. Umthamo we-1 mg, olawulwa zingakapheli amahora ayisithupha emva kokuzalwa, unikeza ukuvikeleka okunokwethenjelwa ngokumelene nesifo sofuba. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1990, kutholakala ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwezijovo ze-vitamin K kanye nokunyuka okuncane engcupheni yengane yezingane.
Ifomu ka-vitamin K yomlomo
Njengenye indlela yokujola, i-vitamin K ingasetshenziswa ngomlomo. Kodwa-ke, leli fomu lezidakamizwa alisebenzisi kangcono ekuvimbeleni isifo esibi sekwephuzile. Ngakho-ke, uma odokotela abaningi bebanconywa bancoma ukusebenzisa ifomu lomlomo, manje ochwepheshe abaningi bakhetha indlela yokuhlolwa yokujova yokujova. Lena kuphela indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi okuphuthumayo okungenzeka kube yingozi.
Inkambo yokwelapha
Ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela yokulawulwa kwezidakamizwa, izingozi nezinzuzo zazo ngamunye zixoxwa nabazali bomntwana. Isinqumo kufanele senziwe ngaphambi kokulethwa. Ngakho-ke, umthamo wokuqala ulawulwa ngaphandle kokulibaziseka. Uma abazali bakhetha umzila womlomo, izilinganiso ezintathu ezihlukene ze-2 mg zinikezwa. Izibhedlela eziningi ziye zasungula iziqondiso zazo zokusebenzisa u-vitamin K. Abaningi babo batusa injection ye-intramuscular yomuthi ezinganeni ezinengozi ephezulu yokuthola isifo esiyingozi. Lokhu ikakhulukazi abantwana abangakafiki ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nezingane ezizalwa ngesigaba seKhesariya. Uma kukhishwa isifo esiyingozi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kutholakale i-anemia, ukungasebenzi kwesibindi kanye nekhono lokugcoba. Ngemuva kokuthi igazi lithathwe ukuze lihlolwe, ukwelashwa ngokulawulwa kwamavithamini K kanye nokumpontshelwa kwe-plasma yegazi okuqukethe izici zokuvala kungaqhubeka. Uma ingane ishaywa ukwethuka okubangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi, kungadingeka ukuthelelwa igazi lonke. Ngeshwa, izingane ezingaphezu kwezingu-50% ezitholakale ziphethwe yisifo se-cerebral, eziholela ekufeni noma ezibangela ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi eside. Lokhu kubi kakhulu ngoba lesi sifo singavinjelwa ngokuqinile.
Izinsana eziningi, ezihlakulela isifo esibi kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuba kube ne "isixwayiso" esincane sokuphuma kwegazi. Uma unezibonakaliso zokugaya igazi, kufanele ubike ngokushesha lokhu kumbelethisi noma udokotela jikelele. Ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele uzinake izinto ezinjalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi abazali batshele udokotela ukuthi uthola kanjani i-vitamin K ukuthi ingane ikutholaphi ngoba izinsana ezithatha ngomlomo zingase zithinteke ekugcineni kwesifo esiyingozi. Igazi emthonjeni wengane akusho ukuthi isifo esiyingozi, ngoba singangena emathunjini ngesikhathi sokubeletha noma ukuncelisa uma umama eshaqile imivimbo.