Izimpawu ze-autism zitholakala ezinganeni ezincane, kepha ukutholakala kwezifo kukhonjiswe KUPHELA lapho ingane ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-4-5. I-Autism kunoma yikuphi isimo isimo esibi, nakuba ubukhulu bokubonakaliswa okubuhlungu kungahlukahluka kakhulu. Izimbangela zofuzo zokuthuthukiswa kwengane ye-autism azikaziwa. Zonke izingane ezine-autism zinenkinga kulezi zici zokuphila kwansuku zonke njenge:
- inkulumo;
- ukuxhumana;
- ukuziphatha.
Ukuxhumana
Zonke izingane ezine-autism zithola amakhono olimi ngokweqile, kakade zisencane kakhulu ubunzima bokukhulumisana bubonakala. Ingxenye yabo ayihlakulele ikhono lokuveza imizwa nemizwelo yabo ngosizo lolimi. I-autistic ingane ayizami ukuxhumana, ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa i-agukanya nokukhuluma ngezingane. Ezinye izakhi zenkulumo zikhula ezinganeni ezinjalo, kodwa ngokuvamile zidlala indima ekhethekile yokuzivikela - ingane iqala ukuveza imisho engavamile noma inkulumo yakhe isuke imvelo, uma ephindaphinda ngokungapheli amazwi akhulunywa ngabanye, engayiqondi incazelo yayo. Ngenxa yezinkinga zokukhuluma, izingane ezine-autism zingase zibonakale zingenangqondo futhi zingakhathazeki. Banobunzima ekusebenziseni izibizo zomuntu siqu, ngokwesibonelo, bangakwazi ukukhuluma ngokwabo kumuntu wesithathu futhi, njengomthetho, abazi ukuthi bangaqhubeka kanjani nengxoxo. Okokugcina, izingane ezinjalo azikwazi ngisho ukudlala imidlalo efuna ukuba khona kokudala nokucabanga. Inkinga enzima yezingane ze-autistic ukuxhumana nabanye abantu; ukuziphatha kwabo, ikakhulukazi, kubonakala ngezici ezilandelayo:
- Azikho emibonweni yemfudumalo, ikakhulukazi endizeni yenyama.
- Abakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi umuntu ucabanga kanjani futhi uzizwa kanjani.
- Ngisho noma bekhubekile, abazami ukuthola indlela yokuphuma kwenkinga yokulwa.
- Bakugwema ukubona omunye umuntu esweni.
Ngenxa yalezi zinkinga, ingane ye-autistic ayithandanga ukwakha ubuhlobo nabanye abantu futhi ihlukanisiwe kakhulu.
Izici zokuziphatha
Izingane eziphethwe yi-autism zizama ukuzithoba ngaphansi kwazo kanye nezwe lonke elizungezile ukuba lihlelekile futhi liyakhathazeka kakhulu uma liphukile. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi abakwazi ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwezehlakalo ezenzeka nabo nokuthi babone ukuthi bangaqeda yini; Isikhathi esimisiwe sisebenza njengendlela yokuzivikela yokuba bagweme izinto ezimangazayo ezibangela ukuba bakhathazeke. Izingane ezigunyazayo zinenani elilinganiselwe lezintshisekelo, ngokuvamile zizwa uhlobo oluthile lokunamathisela okuthile, kepha hhayi kumuntu noma kwenye into ephilayo. Imidlalweni yabo iyingqayizivele, iyakhula ngokuvumelana nesimo esifanayo. Ngezinye izikhathi abantwana abanjalo bangaphinda baphinde baphinde benze izenzo ezingenasici, isibonelo, ukujikeleza nxazonke noma ukuphikisa iminwe yabo.
Ukusabela okuphazamisayo
Kanye nezici ezifakwe ohlwini, ezinye izingane eziyi-autistic. Ungabonisa indlela engavamile yokwenza iphunga, izithombe ezibukwayo nemisindo. Abantu ngabanye bangase bangasabele nakancane emicabangweni ebuhlungu noma ngisho nokuthokozisa ekubangela ubuhlungu kubo. I-Autism yisifo esingelapheki, futhi uma ingane itholakale, idinga uhlelo lokuqeqesha olubandakanya iqembu labachwepheshe. Ukuze ulungise ukuziphatha nokuphazamiseka okuphazamisayo, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kungadingeka. I-Autism ivela kubafana 3-4 izikhathi eziningi kaningi kunamantombazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukana ngokobulili ngokusakazeka kwalesi sifo kukhulunywa kakhulu ezingeni eliphakeme lokuhlakanipha; eqenjini lezingane ezine-IQ ephansi, isilinganiso sabafana namantombazane abhekana ne-autism cishe kufana. Ingxenye yesilinganiso sezingane ze-autistic, izinga lobuhlakani libonisa ukwephulwa kwekhono lokufunda kusuka ekubuneni okulinganisela ukuqedela ukufunda. I-10-20 kuphela kuphela ene-intelligence eyanele yokufunda okujwayelekile. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-autism akuhlobene nokuziphatha komnotho womndeni wengane egulayo.
Amakhono akhethekile
Ngokuvamile, i-autism ivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezinokukhubazeka kokufunda. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abane-autistic banekhono elihlukile ngokuphelele, njengememori engavamile engqondweni. Cishe ngo-10-30% weziguli ezine-autism ngezikhathi ezithile ziqubuzana. Uma ingane itholakale ene-autism, wonke umndeni udinga usizo lwabachwepheshe okufanele bafundise ukuqonda isiguli futhi benze ngokuvumelana naye. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kwengane ye-autistic kwenzeka ezimweni ezifanele kuye. Kunezikole ezikhethekile ezihlelwe isikhathi esifanele futhi kugxiliswe ekuthengeni kwamakhono nokukhuluma ngezingane.
Izindlela zokwelashwa
Imithi yokwelapha iklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuziphatha kwezenhlalo ezamukelekayo kumntwana, kanye nokucindezela izenzo nezenzo ezivimbela inqubo yokufunda, njengokuzilimaza noma ukuziphatha okuphoqelekile. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kusetshenziselwa, kodwa kuphela imodi elinganiselwe: i-fenfluramine inqunyelwe ukuvimbela izenzo ezingapheli; ngenxa yokucindezelwa kwe-excitability eyengeziwe - i-haloperidol noma i-pimozide. Enye yezindlela, eziqanjwe ngososayensi waseJapane u-Higashi (owaziwa nangokuthi "ukwelashwa kwansuku zonke"), uhilela ukuhlanganiswa komculo nobuciko obunomzimba ojulile ukuze ufundise ingane indlela yokulingisa endaweni eyaziwa kahle, ecacile. Indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni idlalwe inkulumo kanye nokwelapha ulimi. Ngokuphathelene nezingane ezingasebenzisi ulimi, ezinye izindlela zethonya zisetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuxhumana nokuxhumana nomntwana.
Izimbangela ze-Autism
Ngenxa yokuthi i-autism isondelene kakhulu nokukhubazeka nokufunda nesithuthwane, ososayensi bavame ukubheka imbangela yalesi sifo ekungalingani kwemvelo. Kuze kube manje, akekho osondele ngisho nokuchaza ukuthi kusebuchosheni beziguli ezine-autism ukuthi lokhu akunjalo. Kukhona ukufana phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwesifo kanye namazinga egazi aphezulu we-serotonin ehlobene noma mahhala, kodwa imininingwane yezinqubo ze-pathological ingakabonakali. Nakuba kuleso simo ngasinye kunzima ukucacisa noma yikuphi imbangela, i-autism kufanele ihlotshaniswe nochungechunge lokulimala kokubeletha, i-rubella yokuzala, i-phenylketonuria, nokuxubana kwengane.
Ithiyori Yokucabanga
Ngokuphathelene nezinga lokucabanga, kucatshangwa ukuthi abantu abane-autistic bahlushwa ngokwehluleka kwemisebenzi ethile echazwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lomqondo othiwa "inkolelo yengqondo". Lokhu kusho ukuthi laba bantu abakwazi ukuzwa noma ukucabanga ngalokho omunye umuntu ocabanga ngakho, abakwazi ukubikezela izinhloso zakhe.