Ingane ine-fever high - yini okufanele uyenze?

Ukushisa okuphezulu kwezingane kuyisikhalazo esivame kakhulu lapho omama beya kudokotela wezingane. Uma kwenzeka lesi simo, ukwethuka kwenzeka kaningi emndenini, ikakhulukazi uma ingane encane kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho yokunciphisa izinga lokushisa nokufunda ukuqonda uma ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila, izinga lokushisa lomzimba osanda kuzalwa lingakhuphuka kancane (37.0-37.4 C emgqeni). Ngonyaka uhlelwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesijwayelekile: 36.0-37.0 degrees C (ngokuphindaphindiwe ama-degree angama-36.6 C).

Ukushisa komzimba okuphakanyisiwe (umkhuhlane) kuyindlela yokuzivikela evamile yomzimba ekuphenduleni isifo noma umonakalo. Emithi yesimanje, umkhuhlane ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nezimbangela ezingezona ezithathelwanayo zivelele (izimpikiswano zesistimu ezisemkhatsini, izifo, izinkinga zengqondo, izifo ze-hormonal, ukushisa, ukulimala, izifo ezigulayo, njll).


Ukutheleleka okuvame kakhulu ngumkhuhlane. Iqala ukuphendula isenzo se-pyrogens (esivela kuGreek pyros - fire, pyretos - heat) - izinto ezandisa izinga lokushisa komzimba. I-Pyrogens ihlukaniswe ibe yinkimbinkimbi (yangaphandle) futhi engapheli (yangaphakathi). Ama-bacterium, angena emzimbeni, aphindwe ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi eqhubeka nomsebenzi wawo obalulekile, kukhishwa izinto ezinobuthi ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo, eziyi-pyrogens zangaphandle (ezinikezwa umzimba ngaphandle), ziyakwazi ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba womuntu. Amaprorogens angaphakathi ahlanganiswa ngokuqondile nomzimba womuntu ngokwawo (i-leukocytes - amaseli egazi, amangqamuzana wesibindi) ekuphenduleni ukwethulwa kwama agent angaphandle (amabhaktheriya, njll).

Esikhathini sobuchopho, kanye nezikhungo zokuphumula, ukuphefumula, njll. iyisikhungo se-thermoregulation, "ihanjiswe" ekushiseni okuhlala njalo kwezitho zangaphakathi. Ngesikhathi sokugula, ngaphansi kwethonya le-pyrogens yangaphakathi nangaphandle, i-thermoregulation "ishintshela" kwizinga elisha lokushisa eliphakeme.

Ukushisa okuphezulu kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kuyisenzo sokuzivikela somzimba. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, ama-interferons, ama-antibodies ahlanganiswa, ikhono lama-leukocytes ukumbamba nokubhubhisa amaseli angaphandle avuselelwe, futhi izindawo zokuvikela zesibindi ziyasebenza. Ezinganeni eziningi, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme libekwe ku-39.0-39.5 C. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, izinyunyana ezincane zinciphisa izinga lokukhiqiza, zilahlekelwa amandla okubangela izifo.


Kanjani kahle ukukala ukushisa?


Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi umntwana une-thermometer yakhe. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa komunye, ungakhohlwa ukusula ngotshwala noma ngamanzi afudumele ngensipho.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi yiziphi izinkomba ezijwayelekile kumntanakho, zilinganisa izinga lokushisa lakhe uma enempilo futhi ezolile. Kunconywa ukulinganisa ngaphansi kwe-armpit kanye ne-rectum. Yenza lokhu ekuseni, ntambama nakusihlwa.

Uma ingane igula, faka izinga lokushisa kathathu ngosuku: ekuseni, ntambama nakusihlwa. Nsuku zonke cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo kulokhu kugula, kubaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abasengozini. Qopha imiphumela yokulinganisa. Kudayari lokushisa udokotela angahlulela inkinga yesifo.
Ungalingani izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwengubo (uma usana olusha luhlanganiswe kakhulu, izinga lokushisa kwalo lingakhuphuka kakhulu). Ungalingani izinga lokushisa uma ingane isaba, ukukhala, ukhathazekile ngokweqile, memezele phansi.


Kuziphi izindawo zomzimba engingakwazi ukulinganisa lokushisa?


Ukushisa kungalinganiswa ku-armpit, emhlanjeni we-inguinal nase-rectum, kodwa hhayi emlonyeni. Okungafani ukulinganisa kokushisa usebenzisa i-thermometer ye-dummy. Ukushisa kwama-rectal (kulinganiswa ngaphakathi kwe-rectum) cishe ku-0.5 degrees C ngaphezulu kunomlomo (kulinganiswa emlonyeni) kanye ne-degree ngaphezu kwe-axillary noma inguinal. Ngomntwana ofanayo, lokhu kuhluka kungaba mkhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo: izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile emhlathini we-armpit noma u-inguinal ngu-36.6 degrees C; izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile elilinganiselwe emlonyeni lingama-37.1 degrees Celsius; izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile elilinganiselwa ku-rectum lingama-37.6 degrees C.

Ukushisa okungaphezu kwendabuko evamile evunyelwe kungaba isici ngasinye somntwana. Amanani asebusuku avame ukuphakama kunama-morning ngamakhulu ambalwa. Ukushisa kungakhuphuka ngenxa yokushisa, ukujabula ngokomzwelo, ukwandisa umzimba.

Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa e-rectum kulungele izingane ezincane kuphela. Izingane ezineminyaka emihlanu nezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala zishintsha futhi ngeke zikuvumele ukuba uyenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ingase ingajabulisi ingane.

Ukukala ukushisa kwama-rectal, ukushisa kwe-elekthronikhi efanelekayo, okuvumela ukuthi ukwenze ngokushesha kakhulu: umphumela ongena kuwo ngomzuzu owodwa nje.

Ngakho-ke, thatha i-thermometer (i-mercury ngaphambi kokudonsa uphawu ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-36 C), gcoba ithiphu layo nekhilimu lomntwana. Beka umntwana ngemuva, uphakamise imilenze (njengokungathi uyayigeza), ngakolunye uhlangothi, faka ngobumnene i-thermometer phakathi kwe-2 cm. Lungisa i-thermometer emkhatsini weminwe emibili (njengogwayi), bese ucindezela iminwe yomntwana ngeminye iminwe.

E-groin nase-armpit, izinga lokushisa lilinganiswa ne-glass mercury thermometer. Uzothola umphumela kumaminithi angu-10.

Vula i-thermometer ibe ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-36.0 C. Yisa isikhumba emanzini njengoba umswakama ugoba i-mercury. Ukuze ulinganise izinga lokushisa ku-groin, ubeke ingane emgqonyeni. Uma wenza izilinganiso ngaphansi kwesigqoko sakho, simbeke ngamadolo noma uthathe ezandleni zakho bese uhamba naye ekamelweni. Beka i-thermometer ukuze iphoyinti liboshwe ngokuphelele esikhunjeni, bese ngesandla sakho, cindezela isibambiso somntwana (umlenze) emzimbeni.


Yisiphi izinga lokushisa okufanele linciphise?


Uma ingane yakho igula futhi inomkhuhlane, qiniseka ukuthi ubiza udokotela ohlola, obeka ukwelashwa futhi uchaze ukuthi ungayifeza kanjani.

Ngokusho kwezincomo ze-World Health Organization (WHO), ekuqaleni izingane ezingenempilo akufanele zinciphise izinga lokushisa, elingakafiki ku-39.0-39.5 degrees C.

Ngaphandle kwezingane ezisengozini ngaphambili ezazithola zibhekene ne-fever, izingane ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zokuphila (ngalesi sikhathi, zonke izifo ziyingozi ekuthuthukiseni kwazo ngokushesha nokulimala okubukhali esimweni esiphezulu), izingane ezinezifo ze-neurological, izifo ezingapheli zesimiso sokujikeleza, ukuphefumula , ngezifo ezithinta umzimba. Izingane ezinjalo kakade ekushiseni kwama-37.1 degrees C kumele zinikeze ngokushesha izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ingane isesimweni esibi kakhulu naphezu kokushisa okungakafiki ku-39.0 degrees C, ubuhlungu obunamahlumela, ubuhlungu be-muscle, isikhumba esikhuphukile, izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhuhlane uphelele futhi udonsa amandla omzimba futhi ungaba nzima kakhulu yi-hyperthermia syndrome (okuhlukile komkhuhlane, lapho kukhona ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi yazo zonke izitho kanye nezinhlelo - ukuxuba, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuphefumula nokucindezeleka kwenhliziyo, njll). Lesi simo sidinga ukungenelela kwezempilo okuphuthumayo.


Indlela yokunciphisa izinga lokushisa?


1. Ingane kufanele igcinwe ipholile. Ukufudumala ingane ngokushisa okuphezulu ngosizo lwezingubo zokugqoka, izingubo ezifudumele, i-heater efakwe ekamelweni kuyingozi. Lezi zinyathelo zingabangela ukushaqeka okufudumele uma izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ezingeni eliyingozi. Gcwalisa ingane egulayo kalula, ukuze ukushisa okungaphezu kwamandla kungageleza futhi kungagcini ukushisa kwama-20-21 degrees C (uma kunesidingo, ungasebenzisa i-air conditioner noma umshayeli ngaphandle kokuqondisa umoya kumntwana).

2. Njengoba ukulahlekelwa uketshezi ngesikhumba kwanda emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ingane kumele idakwe kakhulu. Izingane ezikhulile kufanele, njalo ngangokunokwenzeka, zinike amajusi ezithelo ezihlanjululwayo nezithelo zamanzi namanzi. Izinsana kufanele zivame ukusetshenziselwa esifubeni noma zinike amanzi. Khuthaza ukuphuza njalo kancane (kusuka isipuni), kodwa ungadlwenguli ingane. Uma ingane yenqaba ukuthatha amanzi amahora amaningana ngosuku, yazise udokotela ngakho.

3. Ukusula. Isetshenziswa njenge-adjuvant ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izinyathelo zokunciphisa izinga lokushisa noma ukungabi khona kwezidakamizwa ze-antipyretic. Ukusula kuboniswa kuphela kulabo bantwana ababengabanjwanga, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nesimo somkhuhlane okhulayo, noma izifo zezinzwa.

Ukuze usule, sebenzisa amanzi afudumele, izinga lokushisa eliseduze nokushisa komzimba. Amanzi ashisayo noma abandayo noma isiphuzo (esisetshenziselwa ukusula ama-antipyretic) angabangela ukudonsa, kodwa ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa futhi kubangele ukuthuthumela okusho ukuthi umzimba "udidekile" okudingekile ukuba unganciphisi, kodwa ukwandisa ukukhululwa kokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvuza amaphuzo ophuza kuyingozi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ashisayo nakho kuphakamisa izinga lokushisa komzimba futhi, njengokugqoka, kungabangela ukushisa kwesibindi.

Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo, faka izindwangu ezintathu esitsheni noma emgodini wamanzi. Beka embhedeni noma emadolweni i-oliva, phezu kwalo ithawula le-terry, futhi kuyo - ingane. Khubaza ingane bese uyimboza ngeshidi noma i-diaper. Cindezela esinye sezigqoko ukuze amanzi angaboni kuwo, ulifake futhi ulibeke ebunzini. Uma umisa indwangu, kufanele uxoxwe futhi.

Thatha indwangu yesibili bese uqala ukukhipha ngesikhumba isikhumba senyana sisuka endaweni yangasese kuya enkabeni. Khokha ngokukhethekile ezinyaweni, emilenzeni, emaphethweni e-popliteal, emagqumeni angama-inguinal, emabhulashini, ezinhlangothini, ezingaphansi, entanyeni, ebusweni. Igazi eliye lala phezu kwesikhumba ngesikhuhlane sokukhanya, lizokhuphuka ngokukhuphuka kwamanzi ebusweni bomzimba. Qhubeka ukusula ingane, ukushintsha izindwangu lapho kudingeka khona okungenani imizuzu engamashumi amabili kuya kwezingamashumi amathathu (ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa komzimba kuthatha isikhathi esiningi kakhulu). Uma kusetshenziselwa ukusula amanzi emakhazeni, faka amanzi atshisayo kuwo.

4. Ungakhansela amanzi ngamabhulebhu amancane futhi, ngokuwafaka nge-diaper, usebenzise ezindaweni lapho kunezikebhe ezinkulu: izindawo ezingamanzi, ama-axillary.

5. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-antipyretics.

Izidakamizwa ozikhethela umkhuhlane ezinganeni ziyi-PARACETAMOL ne-IBUPROFEN (amagama okuhweba lala mithi angahluka kakhulu). I-IBUPROPHEN inconywa ukuthi imiswe ezimweni uma i-paracetamol ingenqatshelwe noma ingasebenzi. Ukunciphisa isikhathi eside nangaphezulu kokushisa ngemuva kokusebenza kwe-IBUPROPHEN kuqaphele kunemva kwe-PARACETAMOL.
I-AMIDOPYRIN, ANTIPIRIN, i-FENACETHINE ayifakiwe kuhlu lwamagciwane e-antipyretic ngenxa yobuthi bayo.

I-Acetylsalicylic acid (ASPIRIN) ayinqatshelwe ukusetshenziswa kwabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 ubudala.

Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-METAMIZOL (ANALGINA) njenge-antipyretic ayinconywa yi-WHO, ngoba ucindezela i-hematopoiesis, iyakwazi ukudala ukusabela okukhulu kwe-allergenic (ukuphazamiseka kwe-anaphylactic). Ukulahlekelwa yesikhathi eside okungenzeka ukuthi kunomqondo wokunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuya ku-35.0-34.5 degrees C. Ukulawulwa kweMetamizol (Analgina) kungenzeka kuphela uma kungabikho ukubekezelelana kwezidakamizwa ozikhethelayo noma, uma kunesidingo, umjovo we-intramuscular, okufanele uyenze udokotela kuphela.

Uma ukhetha uhlobo lomuthi (umuthi wamanzi, isiraphu, amaphilisi okuhlakulela, amakhandlela), kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi amalungiselelo esixazululo noma isiraphu enza ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-20-30, emakhandlela - emva kwemizuzu engu-30-45, kodwa umphumela wabo ubude. Amakhandlela angasetshenziswa esimweni lapho umntwana ehlanza khona lapho ethatha uketshezi noma enqaba ukuphuza umuthi. Amakhandlela asetshenziswe kangcono ngemuva kokunciphisa ingane, ahlinzekwa kalula ebusuku.

Ukuze imithi ifakwe ama-syrups amnandi noma amaphilisi ahlaziyekile, imithi ingase ivele ngenxa ye-flavorings nezinye izithasiselo. Izinto ezisebenzayo nazo zingabangela ukusabela okweqile, ngakho-ke ngamasu okuqala okudingeka uqaphele ngokukhethekile.

Uma unikeza ingane imithi, ikakhulukazi leyo ehlobene nesilinganiso eminyakeni ethile, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalelo ukuze ungadluli umthamo onconywayo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi udokotela angashintsha umthamo wengane yakho.

Uma ngabe usebenzisa izindlela ezihlukile zomuthi ofanayo (amakhandlela, ama-syrups, amathebulethi afanelekile), kufanele uhlanganise wonke amanani atholakele ingane ukuze ugweme ukudlula ngokweqile. Ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwalesi sidakamizwa akunakwenzeka ngaphambi kwamahora angu-4-5 emva kokudla kokuqala futhi uma kuphela izinga lokushisa likhuphukela kumazinga aphezulu.

Ukusebenza kwe-febrifuge kumuntu ngamunye futhi kuncike kumntwana othize.


Okungafanele ukwenze uma ingane inomkhuhlane




Kunini lapho kudingekile ukubiza udokotela futhi kumntwana?



Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngisho phakathi nobusuku noma uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo.