Enye indlela yokunciphisa inani lokukhipha izisu - kukhona ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezizalo zokubeletha.
Ukukhetha indlela yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwenziwa ngokucabangela izici eziningi - izindawo ezingezona zokukhulelwa ezingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa impilo yabesifazane futhi zivimbele izifo eziningi zesisu, ukuthembeka kwendlela, ukuphepha kwayo, kanye nesimo sengqondo somuntu ngamunye wesifazane ekukhuliseni. Ukusebenza kwanoma yikuphi ukukhulelwa kuboniswa yi-index ye-Perl, enqunywa inani lokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abangu-100 abasebenzisa le ndlela ngonyaka.
Phakathi kwezindlela zokwehlukanisa ukuhlukanisa:
- i-hormonal
- amadivayisi we-intrauterine
- isivinini
- ukuhlinzwa
- Postcoital.
Indlela ye-Hormonal yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa.
Kule ndlela, izindlela ezinjalo zisetshenziswa:
- kuhlangene (estrogen-gestagenic) izisu zokubeletha ngomlomo;
- Izisu zokubeletha zomlomo ze-gestagenic (i-mili-drank);
- Izindlela zokubeletha ezinomjovo isikhathi eside;
- Ukwakha izakhi zokubeletha.
Kukhona izingxenye ezilodwa eziqukethe i-progestin eyodwa kuphela kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokubeletha komlomo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokubeletha komlomo (COCs) kuyizinsiza eziphumelelayo eziqukethe isrogenic neprogesational component.
I-COC ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone okufaka isandla ekwenzeni i-ovulation. Izinguquko ku-endometrium, ngenkathi uthatha i-COC, ungavumeli iqanda elikhulelwe lifakwe. Futhi futhi usizo lwe-COC ukunciphisa igazi elahlekile ngesikhathi sokuphuma esikhathini, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuya esikhathini, ubuhlungu, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa izifo ezithile zokuvuvukala.
Ukuhluleka kubandakanya izimo ezenzeka ngezinye izikhathi uma uthatha ama-COC. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kuyisisindo esingenasici, ukukhanda ikhanda, isizungu, ukuhlakulela isimo.
Izinzuzo zendlela yilezi : ukusebenza kahle, ukusebenziseka kalula, ukuphindaphinda, umphumela omuhle emsebenzini wokubeletha futhi ngokujwayelekile emzimbeni wesifazane (isikhumba, izinwele) kuthuthukisa. Abesifazane abahlala njalo futhi okwesikhathi eside (okungenani iminyaka emibili) bathatha i-COC kunciphisa kakhulu imvamisa yezifo ezingokwemvelo zesistimu yokuzala, ukuthuthukiswa kokukhathazeka nokuphefumula kwe-postmenopausal.
Ukuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe- COC ukukhulelwa, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha ngesikhathi noma ku-anamnesis (i-hypertension, thrombophlebitis, i-IHS, imivimbo). Awukwazi ukubhema abesifazane emva kweminyaka engama-35, ngesifo sesibindi esihambisana nokuphulwa komsebenzi wayo, izicubu ezixhomeke kumahomoni, ukutholakala kwegazi etiology engaqiniseki, ukukhuluphala.
Izisu zokubeletha zomlomo ze-Gestagenic .
Zihlanganisa kuphela ama-progestin. Izisu zozalo lwe-gestagenic zisebenza kangcono kwabesifazane abadala. Ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe ukuhamba esikhathini esibuhlungu nokuphuza, i-mastalgia, i-premenstrual syndrome. Esinye sezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izidakamizwa ze-gestagenic zingathathwa ngesikhathi se-lactation.
Ukwelashwa kokubeletha okwesikhashana.
Kukhona izivikelo zokuvimbela i-estrogen-gestagenic ezihlanganisiwe kanye ne-one-component components, ezifaka progestogens zesenzo eside. Kuleli qembu lezidakamizwa, okuvame kakhulu yi-depot-provera.
Muva nje, basebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-gestagenic implantation . lezi zilungiselelo ngendlela yama-capsules zifakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lokhu kunikeza umphumela wokukhulelwa iminyaka emihlanu.
I-intrauterine idivaysi yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa (IUD).
I-"spiral" ye-uterine isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-intrauterine. Banciphisa ukusebenza kwe-spermatozoa, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ze-spermicidal ze-endometrium, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kweqanda, ukugqugquzela i-antiperistalsis yamathebhu we-fallopian.
Uma ukukhulelwa kwenzeka, ukuqala kokukhulelwa kuphethwe yi: ukuguqulwa kwe-peristalsis yamatayipi kanye nomsebenzi wokusebenza wesibeletho, ushintsho ezinqubo ze-metabolic endometrium.
I-hormonal intrauterine contraceptive (i-Mirena), ngaphezu kwalokho, i-secrete i-hormone futhi ibangele imiphumela yokuvimbela imithwalo ye-hormone.
Ukungafani kwe-IUD: angeke kusetshenziswe ekukhulelwe, umdlavuza wesibeletho noma umlomo wesibeletho, ukuphuma kwegazi, izifo zesigcawu somzimba. Uma kwakukhona ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic ku-anemnesis, ukusetshenziswa kwe-IUDs kungenzeka kuphela uma ezinye izakhi zokuvimbela imithi ziphikisana.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa.
Lezi zihlanganisa: amakhondomu abesilisa, ama-diaphragms angasese, ama-caps omlomo wesibeletho kanye nezidakamizwa.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ngokweqile zenza izithiyo ezithintekayo ekungeneni kwesidoda kuya kwesiswini (ikhondomu), kanye nomlomo wesibeletho (ama-caps, ama-diaphragms), angasebenzi insimu (spermicide). I-Spermicides ikhona ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene - ama-creams, ama-jellies, amaphilisi okuthunga, izipanji.
Isici esihle sezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukwelashwa. Amakhondomu akhiwa nge-latex futhi aphumelela kakhulu ngokutheleleka nge-HIV kanye nesifo se-hepatitis B ne-C.
Ukwelashwa kokubeletha kusetshenziswa kakhulu emazweni amaningi emhlabeni. Ukuphumelela kwalolu hlobo lokuvimbela ukubeletha kufinyelele ku-100%, nakuba kukhulunywa ngamacala okukhulelwa nangemva kokuzala. Ukuzala insikazi kuyenzeka ngokufaka izigubhu ze-fallopian ekuhlinzekeni kwe-laparoscopic, kanye nesilisa ngokugqoka ama-vas deferens. Ukungahleleki kwalendlela kuwukuthi akuyona ingxoxo.
Ukukhulelwa kwe-postcoital kusetshenziswa lapho isenzo socansi, esingavinjelwe ezinye izindlela, sesivele senzeka. Sebenzisa amaphilisi e-COC - 2-4, kungakapheli amahora angu-72 ngemuva kokulala ngokocansi kabili emahoreni angu-12.
UDinazol, i-postinor idliwe emahoreni angu-72 okuqala kabili emahoreni angu-12.
Kukhona nendlela yokushisa yokukhulelwa . Isekelwe ekuziphatheni kocansi ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi nangemva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4 emva kokuvuthwa. Ukunquma usuku lokuvuna ukusebenzisa i-basal yokuhlola lokushisa kanye netafula. Izinhlelo ezikhethekile zingalandwa kwi-intanethi futhi zifake izinga lokushisa okuyisisekelo nsuku zonke. Lolu hlelo ngokwalo luqeda usuku lokuvuthwa.