I-Aukuba ihlala njalo ehlathini oluhlaza, amaqabunga awo anesikhumba, futhi izimbali ziqoqwe esiqwini futhi zibe nombala obomvu obomvu. Kukhona isitshalo eKorea, eJapane, eChina nase-Himalaya. Kuyinto evamile ukucabangela u-Aukuba Japanese. Mayelana nezitshalo zasendlini aukuba Japanese namuhla futhi kuzoxoxwa ngazo.
U-Aukube wanikezwa igama lesibili ngokuthi "umuthi wegolide", ngoba lesi sitshalo sibonakala singavamile ukuthi abavakashi abaningi abavakashela eMpumalanga ye-Asia banakekele ngokukhethekile lesi sitshalo. AmaJapane ayithande kakhulu lesi sitshalo futhi azama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuze avimbele ukuthekeliswa kwawo ezweni. Nokho, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVII kwakungenzeka ukuletha i-aukuba eYurophu. Lesi sitshalo sakhula, saqhakaza, saveza izithelo ezazingenambewu. I-Aukuba isitshalo se-dioecious. Ukuletha isitshalo esifanayo kwakuyisifazane futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka komuthi wesilisa, impova ayizange isebenze. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka kamuva, i-Botanist Fortune yayisaletha isitshalo sesilisa, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi i-aukuba futhi saqala ukusakazwa njengesihlahla sokuhlobisa.
Ngokokuqala ngqa i-aucuba yaseJapane yavela eYurophu emuva ngo-1783. I-aukuba isakazwa kalula yi-cuttings kanye nembewu. Ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwayo okungavamile nokulula, lesi sitshalo sisakazeka ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlobisa amakamelo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo. Izintlobo ezingavamile kakhulu ezinamaqabunga amahle, lapho kukhona iphethini elincane noma amabala amakhulu. Iphethini elinjalo emaqabunga lenza libukeke njengedwala eliphethe igolide noma ucezu lwesoseji. Ngenxa yalesi siqhathaniso phakathi kwabantu, lesi sitshalo sasibizwa ngokuthi "umuthi wesobho" noma "umuthi wegolide".
Izinhlobo
I-Aukuba Himalayan isitshalo esihlala sitshalo, izihlahla ezingakhula zibe ngamamitha amane ukuphakama. Indlu ye-Himalayan aukuba yi-Asia Ephakathi. Amaqabunga alezi zinhlobo anezimo ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, i-lanceolate noma i-oblong-lanceolate, i-dentate noma i-margin yonke, livela emgqeni wombala omude omude noma omfushane, obomvu ovame ukukhanya. Ihluma i-aucuba ngezimbali ezincane, ngokungafani nokubukeka ngokuphelele. Izimbali ezingashadile, abesilisa nabesifazane zitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene.
I-aukuba yesiJapane isitshalo sehlobiso, esingavamile kakhulu, sekuyisikhathi eside sithandwa ngabantu baseJapane naseChina. Lezi zinhlobo zibukeka njengesihlahla esinamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhulayo, esingaba ngu-20 cm ubude, nobubanzi buka-6 cm. Amaqabunga ayenamabala, awashiwo noma aphelele, anezinhlamvu. Kunezinhlobo zombili amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi nge-motley imibala - kubheka ukuhlobisa okudala umuzwa welanga lokukhanya kwelanga emaqabunga. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu bomuzi bathola igama elithi "umuthi wegolide". Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ngezimbali ezincane, ezisezinhlakeni zezinwele, zibe nombala obomvu noma obomvu. Izimbali zinobulili obufanayo, i-dioecious neyinezinhlobo ezine. I-ovary ivame ukukodwa, ene-ovate eyodwa, enekholomu encane efinyelelekile kanye ne-oblique stigma. Amajikijolo anombala obomvu noma obomvu, ane-wreath eyakhiwe esuka enkomishini yokugcoba. Imbewu, njengombuso, iphezu kwe-endosperm enegciwane elincane.
Ukunakekela isitshalo
I-Aukuba - izitshalo zikhona ngokungenakuzithoba, okubekezeleleke kahle futhi okupholile nezimo ezifudumele ekamelweni. Iningi le-aukuba likhetha ipenumbra, kodwa likhula kahle emakamelweni ahlelekile. Ngomoya othulile kakhulu isithunzi sidluliselwa ezinhlobonhlobo ngamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibindi. Ukuze amaqabunga ahlukahlukene agcine umbala wawo, adinga ukunikeza ukukhanya okungafani.
Ukuze uthole intuthuko ekhululekile ye aukuba udinga ukulondoloza ukushisa okulinganisiwe. Ehlobo, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi izinga lokushisa aliphakeme ngaphezu kwama-degrees angu-20, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo siyolahlekelwa amaqabunga bese sikhula. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isitshalo singathathwa esikhwameni noma engadini, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuyivikela emisebeni ekhanyayo yelanga, imvula nomoya. Ephakathi kwekwindla, izinga lokushisa kumele lihlehliswe kuma-degree angu-14, futhi ebusika, izinga lokushisa kufanele lihluke kusuka kuma-8 ukuya kwangu-14, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-5. Uma kungenjalo, lesi sitshalo sizoqala ukulahla amaqabunga. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezinjalo futhi i-aukuba igcinwe ngezimo ezijwayelekile zamagumbi, leso sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okuhle nokupomfa njalo.
Ehlobo, i-aucoup kufanele iphuze ngokweqile, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi inhlabathi phezulu isomisiwe kancane. Ekwindla nasebusika, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphuze ngokweqile, sibekezelela ukumile kancane kwenhlabathi, futhi kusukela emaqabunga angase avele emaqabunga amnyama aqina kakhulu.
I-Aukuba ivame ukubhekisela emoyeni owomile, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezindala, ngakho-ke ungawufuthisa ngentando, futhi ukuhlunga kwekwindla nobusika kuyimfuneko. Uma lesi sitshalo sikhula ngesikhathi sokushisa kwama-degrees angu-6-12, bese uphefa ngokucophelela, noma ungafaki nhlobo, njengoba isikhunta singase senze.
Esikhathini sokusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla - lesi yisikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo, - izitshalo zendlu kudingeka zidonswe ngezingubo zokugqoka ezingokwemvelo kanye nezamaminerali, zishintshe.
Ngentwasahlobo, udinga ukugoba futhi uthinte iziqongo zamahlumela ukuze wenze umqhele. Amahlumela asele ngemva kokudubula ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukusakazwa njenge-cuttings.
Ukutshala i-aukubu ethathwe entwasahlobo, kuyilapho izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukutshalwe njalo ngonyaka, kanye nabantu abadala ngokwanele kanye eminyakeni emibili, noma njengezimpande eziboshiwe zomhlabathi wonke. Izimpande ze-aukuba zibuthakathaka futhi zibuthakathaka, ngakho-ke inqubo yokufakelwa kabusha kufanele yenziwe ngokucophelela. Kuyoba ngcono kakhulu esitshalweni, uma kungasetshenziswanga, kodwa kudlula, ukugcina udoti lwebumba, kube yimbi ebanzi. Izimbiza ze-aucuba kumele zikhethwe ngokwanele futhi zikhululekile.
Inhlabathi efanelekayo ye-aukuba ingxube ye-peat, iqabunga, i-clayey-sod nesihlabathi noma i-peat, i-humus, amahlamvu, i-turf nesihlabathi. I-hydroponics efana ne-aukuba.
Ukuqapha
Isitshalo se-aucubus esinobuthi! Zonke izingxenye zalo zingabangela ukucasuka kwamathumbu nesisu, isifo sohudo kanye negazi emcinini. Qaphela lapho uxhumana nesitshalo!