Emndenini weCacti ungathola uhlobo olufana ne-Epiphyllum. Itholakala ngo-1812, ngoba igama layo lesiGreki lalisetshenziswa, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "phezu" noma "ngenhla" nelithi "iqabunga", futhi u-Adrian Havort wenza lokho. Ngakho-ke, kugcizelelwe ukuthi emaqabeni alesi sitshalo kukhona izimbali ezimnandi. Nakuba kunjalo, empeleni, hhayi izimbali, kodwa iziqu ezishintshile.
Esigabeni sama-epiphyllums, ungabala izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zezitshalo eziye zasakazeka kuwo wonke amazwe aseMelika, kusukela eMexico kuya ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ziyizihlahla ezincane ezinama-semi-shrubs, anesisekelo esiyinyakatho nesisindo esinomzimba, esinomfanekiso weqabunga; onqenqemeni kushidi nge notches. Emiphakathini yehlumela ibonakala esikalini esincane - yilokhu amaqabunga esizayo. Izimbali zalesi sitshalo zinkulu, zinomumo we-funnel, ene-tube ende ende; iphunga lezimbali linamandla kakhulu.
I-Epiphyllum inezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu embala: kusuka kumhlophe omsulwa nokukhilimu, kuya kumithunzi omnyama nokubomvu; kodwa abanalo izimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali zalesi sitshalo zihle kakhulu kangangokuba ziyibiza ngokuthi i-orchid phakathi kwe-cacti.
Lapho ukhula endlini, ngisho nalapho ukuvundiswa kwemvelo kunomuthi, lesi sitshalo singaba nezithelo ezinkulu. Izithelo zinemibala ephuzi noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuncike embali ngokwayo; ngokuvamile izithelo zihlanganiswe nezimpande. Inyama ine-flavour ejabulisayo futhi eqinile, kodwa ukunambitheka kufana ncamashi njengengxube yephayinaphu ne-strawberries.
Kukhona ama-hybridi angamakhulu amabili ama-epiphyllums, aqondwa ngokungafanele ngokuthi yi-phylocactuses. I-cacti enjalo ifaneleka ukuhlobisa njengezingoma ze-ampel.
Ukunakekela isitshalo
Ukukhanyisa. Ama-houseplants abathandi be-epiphyllum bokukhanya okukhanyayo nokukhanyayo, nakuba i-penumbra yabo ayisithiyo. Kodwa ngokuntuleka kokukhanyisa, ukukhula kunganciphisa noma iziqu zingahle ziphuzi. Zakhula kahle ezinhlangothini ezisentshonalanga nangasempumalanga, kanti ohlangothini olusenyakatho ukhula lungase lube namandla, futhi eningizimu emthunzini wemini kuyadingeka. Ehlobo, kunconywa ukuthi ukuveze i-epiphyllum emoyeni omusha, indawo lapho kunezinto eziningi zokukhanya, kodwa akukho ilanga eliqondile.
Umbuso wokushisa. Uma sikhuluma ngokushisa, khona-ke kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, bakhetha ukushisa kwama-20-25C. Futhi sonke isikhathi, izinga lokushisa lihle kakhulu liyehliswa ngo-10-15 ° C.
Ukunisela. Izimila ze-epiphyllum zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-cacti yamahlathi ashisayo, ngakho zidinga ukuchelela okuningi; Kubalulekile ukugcina umhlabathi njalo unomoya omanzi, isb. amanzi, ngokushesha nje lapho ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi selomile. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa amanzi athambile futhi afudumele. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, ukuchelela kunciphisa kancane, kunisela, uma kungenjalo kuphela ungqimba ophezulu omile, kodwa wonke umhlaba. Uma ebusika kubanda kakhulu, khona-ke lesi sitshalo asinamanzi nhlobo. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuchelela kubuye kuvuselelwe ukuba kulinganiswe, futhi uma ihlumela selivele seliphuze kakhulu.
Ukungcola komoya. Izidingo ezicacile zomoya umswakama, lesi sitshalo asibonisi, kodwa sikhetha umswakama ophezulu. Futhi ehlobo, ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo, kungaba kuhle ukupaka lezi zitshalo ezinamanzi ngamanzi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Entwasahlobo nehlobo, umanyolo kufanele wengezwe ebhodweni nge-epiphyllum, lokhu kwenziwa kabili ngenyanga; kufanelekile kumanyolo omdala we-cactus. Uma kuvela amahlumela, ungakwazi ukwengeza i-Mullein ngokuyixuba ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1: 4, ngokulandelana. Lapho zimbali futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, i-mullein ingadliwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Uma ngabe ufisa, i-mullein ngezinye izikhathi ingasuswa esikhundleni somanyolo we-nitrogen.
Izimbali. Ekupheleni ebusika, isitshalo siqala ukukhula, amaqabunga aqala ukufakwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, akuyona into engathandeki ukuhlela kabusha lesi sitshalo kwenye indawo, ngaphandle kwalokho ingawayeka.
Izimbali ze-epiphyllum ziqala ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli. Imbali ngayinye esitshalweni ihlala izinsuku ezinhlanu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuphuza njalo, ukufaka umanyolo, akuvunyelwe ukufuthola. Uma izimo zikhululekile, khona-ke isitshalo singabuye siphumelele ekwindla.
Imbali ehlathini yenziwa kanye, ngakho-ke, eminyakeni embalwa wonke amahlumela amadala kumele asuswe, ngoba ngeke kube khona izimbali kuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo ngezinye izikhathi sinamahlumela, futhi kungcono ukususa, ngenxa yokuthi nabo, cishe, abaqhakazi.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo. Uma kudingekile ukufakelwa isitshalo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza lokhu emva kokuchichima. Unyaka ngamunye, lokhu akudingekile, ngoba izimo eziseduze ebhodweni zivuselela izimbali ze-epiphyllum. Amandla afanelekayo aplani futhi avulekile, ngoba uhlelo lwempande alukwakhiwa. Ukuze umhlaba usebenzise ingxube yamagatsha kanye ne-turf emhlabathini, engeza isanti namalahle, okuyiwona ngaphambi kokuchotshozwa. Amaqabunga omhlaba adinga izingxenye ezine, izithako ezisele kwesinye. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise ukuxuba okulungiselelwe esitolo, okufanelekile ku-cacti; Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ingxube ikhona kuningi le-peat. I-acidity yenhlabathi akufanele ibe namandla, futhi i-lime kufanele ingabi khona ngokuphelele. Ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha, lesi sitshalo akufanele siphuze izinsuku ezimbili, kanti ngesikhathi sokutshala kabusha umhlabathi ovela ezimpandeni uzowela kahle. Ngemuva kokutshala kabusha, isitshalo kumele sibekwe emthunzini futhi siphuze ngokucophelela.
Ukukhiqiza. I-Epiphyllum - izitshalo, okukhiqizwa okungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana - imbewu kanye nokusika (lokhu kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo), kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izilinganiso ezindala ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha.
Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ye-epiphyllum, khona-ke kuleso simo i-cacti encane eneziqu kanye nemithi eminingi izofika phezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izitshalo ziyokhukhula, ameva ayowa futhi iziqu ziyoba amaqabunga. Ukushisa okufanelekayo ukuhluma imbewu kuwukuthi + 20-25C. Uma izimo ezikhulayo zikhululekile kubo, khona-ke isitshalo esincane sizonikeza izimbali ngomnyaka wesine nesikhombisa.
Uma ufuna ukusabalalisa nge-cuttings, bese usuka ehlathini oluphambene, uthathe u-12 cm ubude, futhi isisekelo kufanele sihlotswe ngesimo santathu, bese soma futhi sitshalwe ebhodweni. Kudingekile ukuba uyomise ngendlela elandelayo: isiqu sigxilwe ngokuzenzekelayo esitsheni izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukukhipha ijusi, futhi emva kwalokho singatshala. Ingxube yomhlaba ilungiswa kusuka emanzini aphansi kanye ne-turf, ingxenye eyodwa nezibili ngokulandelana kanye nokwengezwa kwezingxenye ezingu-0.25 zesihlabathi. Ngaphezulu kwezingxube kudingekile ukuba ufafaze isihlabathi esihlanziwe. Izicucu zinciphisa ekujuleni kwe-1 cm bese zibeka emthunzini. Ngaphakathi kwe-cuttings yosuku ayikwazi ukuphuziswa. Ngemuva kokuthi izihlahla zithole izimpande, kubalulekile ukuba uzihlwanyele ezimbizeni ezincane.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
- Uma inhlabathi igxuma embizeni, izimpande zingase ziqale ukubola, ikakhulukazi uma lesi sitshalo sibheka ukushisa okubandayo.
- Uma isitshalo sitshalwe emoyeni, ama-slugs angase avele.
- Futhi, lesi sitshalo singathola isifo sofuba, isibonelo, i-fusarium. Kusukela kulokhu kulesi sitshalo kufana nezindawo ezimibalabala, ezikhanyisiwe, ezanda ngesayizi.
- Kungenziwa ihlaselwe isicabucabu se-spider, i-aphid, isikhala noma i-mealybug.