Lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo ziyi-epiphytic noma i-semi-epiphytic, okungukuthi, zikhula kwezinye izitshalo. Ngokuvamile bakhetha izindawo zokuqoqwa kwezitshalo - izihlahla zemithi noma amagatsha emithi. Kuye ngezinhlobo noma ezihlukahlukene, iziqu ze-columbine zingase zibe zimile, zinyakatho noma ziphazamise, ungabona futhi izihlahla kuze kube yimitha eli-1 ubude nezitshalo ze-shade. Amaqabunga e-columbia amancane kakhulu (angafika ku-4 cm ubude), eqinile, kuye ngokuthi yizinhlobo zezilwane, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezinama-mottled, okuphambene, oval or oblong oblong shape. Izimbali eziphumelelayo kakhulu ziyikholomu - ebomvu, e-orange noma ephuzi, i-tubular, iqhakaza ku-axils yamaqabunga. Izithelo zaseColumbia zizithelo ezimhlophe, lapho ukhula oluthulile lukhula khona.
Ekuqoqweni kwezitshalo ze-botanical, i-columbine ikhulile njengezinhlobo ezingavamile zezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Ingatholakala itholakala ebhodweni noma njengendlela yokuma kwe-ampel. Kukhona izinhlobo ezihlanzekile ezaziwa ze-columbia ne-hybrid, zisakazwa kabanzi.
Nakekela ikholomu.
Izitshalo zase-columbine zithanda ukukhanya okufudumayo nokukhanyayo, kodwa awubekezeli ilanga eliqondile, ngakho-ke izitshalo eziseduze namafasitela aseningizimu kufanele zifakwe emthunzini. Indawo enhle yokukhula kwe-columbine izobe iseduze nefasitela kusukela ohlangothini olusentshonalanga-mpumalanga, kusukela ohlangothini olusenyakatho isitshalo singase singabi naso ilanga futhi ukuqhakaza ngeke. Futhi, kuneluleka ukuba ukhanyise izitshalo ngezibani ngesikhathi sekwindla nobusika.
Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu ehlobo cishe ngama-degree angu-25, nakuba lesi sitshalo singakwazi ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu (kufika kuma-degree angama-30). Ebusika, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu le columney cishe liyi-17 degrees.
Ukuphuza i-columbine kuyadingeka ukuba ulinganise, hhayi ukugcwalisa ngokweqile nokungazalisi, inhlabathi yomhlabathi kufanele ibe ngamanzi ngokulinganisela. Gwema ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo abandayo. Ebusika, kuphuziswa cishe kanye ngesonto, kuyilapho kuqapha okuqukethwe komswakama womhlabathi.
Lesi sitshalo asibekezelele umoya omile, ukuphofa njalo ngamanzi abandayo ekamelweni lokushisa kuyadingeka. Amanzi okupuniza akufanele ahlale eqinile. Kunconywa ukuba uchithe amaqabunga asitshalo ngamanzi afudumele afudumele (kungaba khona emthonjeni), bese uyomisa endaweni emnyama.
Ngokuvamile lezi zindlu azidingi isikhathi sokuphumula. Kodwa, uma ebusika isitshalo singanikezwa ngokukhanya okwanele, yeka ukumisa, ukunciphisa ukuchelela futhi uhlale ekamelweni lokushisa kwama-15-17 degrees, nobusuku ngaphakathi kwama-degree angu-12. Lokhu kuzosiza ekubunjweni kwe-efihlekile entsha. Kodwa-ke, lesi sitshalo kufanele sishiywe emazingeni aphansi okushisa ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-30, isikhathi esifushane asikwazi ukuveza imiphumela efunayo.
Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo (kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba), i-columine kufanele ikhuliswe kanye nezinsuku ezingu-10-14. Uma isikhathi esiwusizo semifino sisekholoni phakathi nobusika, ukufaka umanyolo kudingekile, kodwa kaningi kangako - cishe kanye ngezinsuku ezingu-20.
Ukuze ubuhle obukhulu nobukhazikhazi besibhakabhaka, izimbiza ezimbalwa ze-columbine zitshalwe embizeni eyodwa. Kodwa ngokutshala okulodwa kwe-columbine, ngokushesha nje lapho ihlumela liqala ukukhula, likhonjiwe. Ngakho-ke, amahlumela amasha ayokhula futhi maduzane azophendukela enhlotsheni enhle kakhulu eneziqu ezigelezayo.
I-Columnia yizitshalo ezingadingi ukufakelwa kwezitshalo njalo (cishe kanye ngonyaka). Ngemuva kokuba lesi sitshalo siphelile, sithende futhi sishintshe sibe yi-substrate evundile. Awu, uma ukuhlanganiswa komhlabathi ingxube kuzohlanganisa ama-humus, i-peat, ama-chip chips, njll Ngaphansi ubeka ungqimba lwamanzi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamakholomu.
Ukuzala kubonakala ngokusika noma ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Kodwa zivame ukusabalaliswa yi-cuttings.
Ngemuva kwezinhlanzi zasebusika-spring eziqhakaza zihluma kusuka amahlumela aphelile, zishiya ehlathini ziqukethe amaqabunga 2-3. On cuttings sebenzisa amahlumela of 5 cm ubude. Embhodweni owodwa, izingcezu eziningana zokunqunywa kwamakoloni zitshalwe ku-rooting. Ukutshala ama-cuttings, ingxube ehlanganisa izingxenye ezilinganayo ze-humus, isihlabathi kanye nomhlaba weqabunga lilungisiwe. Ngokutshala, futhi sebenzisa ukuxuba kwe-peat-sand, ku-1: 2. Ukuqothula kufanele kuvele ekushiseni kwama-20 degrees angu-24, ngokuchelela okulinganiselayo. Spray cuttings akufanele kube ukuthi amaqabunga amancane aqale ukubola. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, i-colonel isetshenziselwa ibhodlela elibanzi. Ingxube yomhlaba ilungelekile, i-air-permmeable futhi ihlanganiswe nesihlabathi, i-peat ne-turf, ingxenye eyodwa ngayinye, nezinhlamvu ezimbili zeqabunga emhlabeni. Ukutshala kabusha emiphakathini evulekile nakakhulu kakhulu kwenziwa lapho izimpande zesitshalo zigcwalisa isikhala sonke. Ngokwesilinganiso, lokhu kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3.
Imbewu itshalwa abalimi kuphela, ngoba le nqubo iyanzima kakhulu futhi idinga izimo ezikhethekile. Ngakho, isibonelo, ukudala umswakama okudingekayo kanye nokushisa okudingekayo njalo, kuzodingeka ukhethe ukushisa okhethekile.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka.
Amahlamvu esitshalo angoma ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ngenxa yokuphakama okuphezulu noma, ngokuphambene, ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi, uma kungenamandla okwanele emoyeni. Amaqabunga asomile ehlobo uma inhlabathi ebhodweni isomile kakhulu.
Amaqabunga aphuzi noma ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezimnyama, uma isitshalo seluthela ngamanzi apholile kakhulu. Ukushisa kwamanzi okudingekayo okunisela kungenani okungama-degrees angu-20.
Uma igumbi lapho isitshalo somoya omile kakhulu nokushisa okuphezulu, amathiphu amaqabunga azoqala ukuphenduka aphuzi futhi asomile.
Uma i-columbine ingaphansi kwezimo eziphambene nokwakheka kwefihlekile (izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphezulu), ngeke liqhakaze. Ngakho, ekuqaleni kwasebusika kuneluleka ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa cishe inyanga eyodwa kuya ku-12 degrees ngenyanga eyodwa.
Ukuze ugweme amaqabunga awela phansi ukuze amaqabunga angabi mnyama, zama ukuhlanza lesi sitshalo ngesikhathi sokucwilisa ngokucophelela ukuze amaconsi amanzi angangeni ezimbali.
Ukuchelela ngokweqile kanye namanzi aphephile kungabangela ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezifo ze-fungal nokubola.
Izitshalo ze-columine zingalimazwa yizinambuzane ezifana ne-aphid nezibungu.