Eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, uma owesifazane ebeletha ingane yokuqala eneminyaka engaba ngu-27 ubudala, ubizwa ngokuthi "i-primogenitor endala". Namuhla, isilinganiso seminyaka engowesifazane wesifazane ubeletha ingane yokuqala - iminyaka engu-25-35. Inamba ephawulekayo yabesifazane iba umama kuphela eneminyaka engamashumi amane. Yini engasongela noma, ngokuphambene, iyasiza owesifazane ukukhulelwa nokubeletha emva kweminyaka engama-30? Funda ngakho ngezansi.
Uma uneminyaka engu-30 ubudala
Ukuzalwa kwengane, ngisho namantombazane asekhulile ayakwazi ukwenza izinto eziphilayo. Kodwa kuphela owesifazane wamashumi amabili kuphela angenza isinqumo esinolwazi sokubeletha ingane, ukuthi angamnakekela ngaphambi kokuzalwa nangemva kokuzalwa. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi isikhathi esihle sokubeletha ingane yokuqala kungu-25-27. Uma kunokwenzeka, isikhathi esihle sokukhulelwa kokuqala sekuyiminyaka engama-30. Kamuva, ukuzala komfazi kuqala ukwehla ngokuphawulekayo. Owesifazane unamaqanda amaningi, kodwa akubona bonke abazoba nomthwalo wokukhulelwa. Futhi njengoba imvelo ngeke ivumele ukufaka ingqikithi indaba "engalungile", kungenzeka ukuthi ingane kuzodingeka ilinde isikhathi eside kunalindelekile. Lapho uneminyaka engama-30, ngisho nezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuphila ngokobulili okuvamile kungase kungaholele ekukhuliseni, lokhu akukona isizathu sokukhathazeka. Ukukhathazeka ngokungahambi kahle komunye wabalingani kungasuka uma ngemuva konyaka kokuzama ukuthi owesifazane akhulelwe. Khona-ke bobabili abalingani kumele baphenye futhi, mhlawumbe, bathathe ukwelashwa. Kungcono ukukwenza ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa kokungabi nabantwana ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-35 kunika imiphumela engcono kuneyesikhathi esizayo. Ukukhula kwesikhathi kunciphisa amathuba okuthola ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
Uma uneminyaka engu-35 ubudala
Nakuba eneminyaka engama-35 owesifazane usenomuzwa omusha, osebenzayo, enempilo - le minyaka ngenxa yokuthi abaningi bethu banomkhawulo. Owesifazane ongazange abe ngumama ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-35 kufanele aziswe ngudokotela mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokubeletha mahhala. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu ngoba ingozi yokukhubazeka ezinganeni (iningi labo elihlolwe nge-Down's syndrome) liyi-1: 1400 kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-25 ubudala, kodwa abaneminyaka engama-35 ubudala ubungozi bukhuphukela ku-1: 100. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukubaluleka kokuxilongwa kwe-postinatal, ngakho-ke njengoba ezimweni eziningi kuvumela abazali ukuba baqede ukukhathazeka kwengane, ngenxa yempilo yakhe. Uma isistimu ithola ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa ebusweni, kwezinye izimo (isibonelo, i-hydrocephalus, ukuvinjelwa kwe-postre urethra), ingane ingelashwa esibelethweni. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze ugweme izinguquko ezingenakuguqulwa eziholela ekukhubazekeni noma ekufeni, imisebenzi enjalo ayifuni. Ngokuzalwa kwabachwepheshe banganikeza usizo nokufinyelela emishini edingekayo. Ulwazi lwe-anomalies yokuzalwa luyasiza futhi ukulungisa ngokwengqondo ngokuzalwa kowesifazane yena kanye nezihlobo zakhe. Uma isici sinzima futhi siphazamisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile, lo wesifazane uthola izinketho eziqinisekisiwe zokukhipha isisu ngenxa yezizathu zezokwelapha.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, konke kunzima kakhulu
Ukuzalwa kwengane yesibili eneminyaka engama-40 akuyona inkinga. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunezinkinga ezinkulu lapho kwenzeka ukukhulelwa kokuqala. Kule minyaka yobudala, abesifazane bavame ukuhlupheka kabi kusukela ekukhulelwe. Akufanele uhlehlise isinqumo sokubeletha ingane yakho yokuqala kuze kube neminyaka engamashumi amane. Kule minyaka yobudala, abesifazane banzima kakhulu ukubekezelela ukukhulelwa futhi umsebenzi wabo kunzima kakhulu. Abanye banezinkinga zempilo, njenge-hypertension, isifo senhliziyo, izifo eziphathelene nokugula, isibonelo, izifo ze-hormonal kanye ne-uterine fibroids. Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezingapheli ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kunzima, ngoba ezinye izidakamizwa zingathinta inkambo yokukhulelwa. Amathambo we-pelvic kulesi sikhathi awahambisani nokuguquguquka njengakuqala, futhi ungadinga isigaba se-cearean.
Ukuhlolwa kwePerinatal
Lona luhlolo oluyinhloko olungavumelekile olusiza ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fetus, ukubona ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingezansi zomzimba (isibonelo, ezihambisana namaphutha kuma-chromosomes kanye namaphutha we-neural tube). Kuphephile futhi akulimazi ingane. Ekukhulelweni okujwayelekile, ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwenziwa izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngaphambi kwamasonto ayishumi ukucacisa ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuqalile kanjani. Khona-ke emasontweni angu-18-20 ukuhlola ukuthi ingane yakho ikhula kangakanani, nokuthi ngabe izitho zijwayelekile. Khona-ke, ngeviki 28, ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe ingane ijwayelekile yini, futhi ngesonto lama-38, ukubekwa kwengane esibelethweni ngaphambi kokubeletha kumele kuhlolwe.
Amniocentesis
Kuqhutshwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha emva kweminyaka engama-30 nakwezinye izimo lapho kunomsolo wokuthi ingane ingase ibe nenkinga engakazalwa (isibonelo, lapho umndeni unezifo ezithintekayo noma uma ingane yokuqala ingenempilo ngokuphelele). Ukuhlaziya kuhilela ukuthatha inaliti encane emanzini amancane amniotic fluid (inaliti ifakwa ngaphansi kokulawula kwe-ultrasound). Ukuhlolwa akubuhlungu futhi kuphephile - izinkinga azivamile (amaphesenti angu-0.1-1 amacala.). Ikhemikhali idluliselwa ku-laboratory ekhethekile yezofuzo lapho izohlolwa khona. Khona-ke, umphumela uzobikwa uma i-fetus inezinhlobo ezingavamile kuma-chromosomes.
Ukuphefumula kwe-trophoblast
Ngomsele womlomo wesibeletho noma esiswini, isicu esincane sezingcuba eziyingxenye ye-placenta yesikhathi esizayo kuthathwa ukuze kuhlolwe. Iqukethe ulwazi olufanayo lofuzo njengamniotic fluid. Ucwaningo luqhutshwa ezinyathelweni zokuqala zokukhulelwa (ngaphambi kweviki le-11), kodwa alithandwa kakhulu, njengoba lifaka ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu.
Ukuhlolwa kathathu
Kuyenziwa egazini lomntwana ongakazalwa ngesikhathi sesonto le-18 lokukhulelwa ukuze abone ukuthi ubungozi bokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo. Umphumela wakhe osabekayo awukwenzeki noma yini okwamanje. Khona-ke kumelwe wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kusuka ochwepheshe (ngokuphathelene nokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo), futhi uma kunjalo futhi, kunesidingo sokwenza i-amniocentesis. Ukuhlolwa kathathu kunembile kakhulu, kepha akusizi eshibhile, ngakho-ke kuyatholakala emitholampilo yangasese.
Yini owesifazane okhulelwe okufanele akwenze ngemva kweminyaka engama-30?
- Kungaphezu kokuvame ukuvela ku-gynecologist ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi, izinga lokushukela egazini kanye nokwakhiwa komchamo.
- Dlula ukuhlolwa kokubeletha. Uma udokotela engakunikeli ukuqaliswa kwawo, kudingeka ucabange ukushintsha udokotela wakho (yena nje akafezi imisebenzi yakhe).
- Kuyinto evamile ukuhlala, udle futhi uhambe. Lesi seluleko ngeke sibe ukunyanyisa: ungadli amabili, ungaqambi amanga ngaso sonke isikhathi embhedeni (ngaphandle uma kunconywa udokotela), ungakhokhi kakhulu emathunjini akhula. Kufanele uzizinakekele, uhambe okuningi futhi ujabulele ukulindela kwengane.