Sivame ukuthinteka, sibheke ukuthi izingane zethu zifunda kanjani ukukhuluma. Kodwa abambalwa kuphela bayazi ukuthi lokhu kujabulisa iminyaka yokuqala kuyisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ingane, okungenakuphuthelwa. Kanjani kahle ukuthuthukisa inkulumo enganeni? Yini okufanele ngiyiqaphele ngokukhethekile, futhi yisiphi isimiso "semvelo esizosiza"? Futhi ngifanele nini ukuya kumchwepheshe ozosiza? Izimpendulo zemibuzo yonke zinikezwa ngezansi.
Ulimi nenkulumo - yilokho okuthokozela kukho konke, abantu, ezilwaneni. Sine okuthiwa "isistimu yesignali", esingayidlulisela ngolwazi komunye nomunye. Uhlelo lwe-alamu lubonakala kuphela enkambisweni yokuxhumana kwengane nabanye abantu. Kungcono ukuthi sihlakulele lesi simiso, lapho sishukumisa kakhulu ikhono lokukhuluma kulo, sizokwazi ukukhula ngokuhlakanipha futhi siphumelele. Yiqiniso, ingane ngayinye inejubane elihlukile lokufunda ulimi, kodwa izimiso jikelele zikhona. Ukwaziswa kwabo kuzokusiza ukuba ungaphuthelwa ukugoba okungenzeka futhi ngesikhathi sokuzwakala i-alamu.
Kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-YEAR SUMMER
Yini ingane engayenza?
• Uyazi igama lakhe, kanye namagama abantu abaseduze nezilwane ezifuywayo.
• Ulwazimagama lwakhe seluvele lukhona amagama angu-30-40.
• Uqala ukuqonda amagama anzima kakhulu, ukuwabiza ngenkathi encwadini yezingane zakhe (ikati - "kisya" noma "ks-ks", ugogo - "baba", inja - "kufa", njll).
• Ukwazi izenzo eziningi futhi azisebenzise ngokuzithandela.
• Uqonda okuningi lokho akuzwa (ngisho noma engakakhulumi).
• Ungenza izicelo ezilula ("ulethe ama-panties", "pick up bunny" ...).
• Ngonyaka nonyaka, kukhona ukugxuma okubukhali ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo: ingane ingaqala ukukhuluma ngenkuthalo, ngisho noma ingathuli noma ingakhulumi.
Indlela yokuziphatha kwabazali?
• Ungalokothi ulingise ingane ngokufaka amagama ngemuva kwakhe, kodwa ngokuphambene, umqondise ngokungenakuphikwa, ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubiza igama ngokufanele.
• Khuluma nengane kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, uhambisane nezinkulumo zakho nezenzo zakhe ngenkulumo.
• Ngesineke uphendule yonke imibuzo, isibonelo, "Futhi yikuphi lokhu?", Yikuphi ingane ngokushesha noma kamuva iqala "ukulala".
Kusukela kusiHlomelo kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu
Yini ingane engayenza?
• Unolwazi lwamagama angu-1000-1500.
• Uvisisa incazelo yeziphakamiso ezilula.
• Eminyakeni emithathu usebenzisa zonke izingxenye zokukhuluma futhi aze afake izenzi esikhathini esedlule.
• Akusebenzi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nemiqondo ejwayelekile (ithoyizi, isilo, ukudla, njll).
• Uyazi isikhathi sosuku (ekuseni, usuku).
• Ukubuza imibuzo ethi "Kuphi?", "Kuphi?", "Kuphi?", Futhi ngeminyaka emithathu umbuzo omkhulu "Kungani?" (Lokhu kusho isigaba esisha ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo).
• Usho imisho emifushane (ngamagama amabili noma amathathu).
• Ungatshela ngemicabango yakhe kanye nemibono yakhe.
Indlela yokuziphatha kwabazali?
• Kukholelwa ukuthi ekuqaleni ingane iqala ukubuza ukuthi "Kungani?", Okuyigugu kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, kamuva, okusobala ukulibala. Uma eminyakeni emithathu engabuzi lo mbuzo okwamanje, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza isithakazelo sakhe ezweni elizungezile futhi azibuze: "Kungani lokho? Futhi kungani lokho? "- uphendule ngokwakho.
• Xoxa ngalokho okubonayo ngokuvamile ekuhambeni, ku-TV.
• Qinisekisa ukudlala kanye nezingane (zibe cubes, yaseshashalazini, isibhedlela, kufihla futhi ufune ...).
• Buyekeza futhi uxoxe ngemifanekiso nengane yakho.
• Funda izingoma naye.
• Hlala ufunda kuye ngokuzwakalayo ngaphambi kokulala - okungcono kakhulu kuzo zonke izindabakwane (njalo uxoxe ngamaqhawe).
UKUKHULUMA AMAMAKHAYA, UYAZI ULIMI
Wonke umuntu ukhumbula incwadi kaK. Chukovsky ethi "Kusuka kokubili kuya kweyesihlanu", lapho umlobi onothando olukhulu ehlaziya inkulumo yezingane nezwi lokwenza izingane - isikhathi lapho zonke izingane zidlula kulo nyaka. Le ncwadi iqukethe imiphumela yalolu msebenzi: amagama amahlaya ahlekisayo avela ezinganeni ngokuzenzekelayo. "Pahnota" kunokuba "iphunga", "gxuma" esikhundleni sokuthi "gxuma", "Ngiyakuthanda" kunokuthi "Ngiyakuthanda", "lezi zikhumba zikhulu, futhi lezi - ezincane" kunokuba "ezincane", "zisize" kunokuba "zisize" . "Eyesabekayo", ehlukile, "smart", amagama e-clamshell - "ubhanana", "namakaronilsya", "okuthandayo", njll. Ukuqalwa okunjalo kokungabikho ngolimi, kodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa esakhiwe ngamazwi aqondakala kahle, kubonisa ukuthi ingane ifunde isakhiwo kanye ne-algorithm yalolu limi kahle kangangokuthi lihlanganisa ngokukhululekile amayunithi olimi. Ngokuqondene nomonakalo noma ingozi yokukhulumisana kwezingane esikhathini "kusuka kokubili kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye," akudingeki ukhathazeke: uma umndeni (kanye nemvelo yengane ephelele) ukhuluma kahle, ingane izokwazi ukubona ukuthi yimaphi amagama okushiya ekuphileni kwakhe kwansuku zonke, futhi ngaphandle kokuzisola ukuze uhlanganyele.
KUSUKELA KUQALA LOKUQALA KUHLELO LOKUPHAKATHI
Inyanga engu-1 - ikubukela ngokucophelela ekumemeza ubuso (uma ulambile, wethamise izinwele zakho, isisu sakho sibuhlungu, njll)
Izinyanga ezimbili - ukushicilela imisindo yomzimba isabela ekwelapheni, iqala ukumamatheka
Izinyanga ezingu-3 - "ukuvuselela okuvuselelayo": uma ekhuluma naye, ingane iyajabula, iqala ukuhambisa izandla zakhe nemilenze ngezikhathi ezithile, yenza isikhathi eside, imisindo yomzimba
Izinyanga ezingu-4 - ngokuhleka ngokuhleka, uma bedlala naye ekhala ngezinyembezi, lapho kukhona okucasuliwe noma engathandeki; yenza imisindo "aga", "argy", "ega", njll.
Izinyanga ezingu-5 - "uhlabelela": ushicilela imisindo eqhubekayo yokuphakama nobude obuhlukile, uphendulela ikhanda lakhe
Izinyanga ezingu-6 - ukuqhuma nge-lisp (uqala ukusho ama-syllables "ba-ba-ba", "yebo-da-da", "na-na-na" njll), uqala ukuqonda amagama athize ("nika", "thatha" , "Phonsa", "kuphi", njll)
Izinyanga ezingu-7 - ukudlala ku "ladushki"
Izinyanga ezingu-8 - ukukhuluma ngokusebenzayo
Izinyanga ezingu-9 - uphinda imisindo yabantu abadala ("Yum-yum", "kys-kys")
Izinyanga ezingu-10 - ulingisa imisindo namagama
Izinyanga ezingu-11 - kusho ukuyeka (amagagasi anepenethi, "manje"), uyayazi umbuzo othi "Kuphi?", Uveza amagama alula ngokuvumelana nezilimi: "umama", "ubaba" "unike", njll.
Izinyanga ezingu-12 - zingabika amagama angu-8-10
ABANTU BANGAPHAKATHI
Izigaba zokwakheka nokuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo kumntwana okubalwe ngenhla kufanele kuthathwe esikhundleni sokuziphendulela. Kulo magazini, izinketho zingenzeka. Isibonelo, njengomphumela wocwaningo olwenziwe phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka engama-1 ubudala (hhayi ukuhlehliswa ngokwengqondo hhayi ama-geek), kwacaca ukuthi isichazamazwi esincinci somntwana ngalesi sizukulwane singaba ngamazwi angu-4-5 kuphela, futhi okungenani - 232! Ezinye izingane zisho amagama okuqala ezinyangeni ezingu-10, futhi ngonyaka zishintshela eziphakamisweni. Abanye baqhubeka "bethule" cishe iminyaka emibili, behlukana ngamazwi okuqala, bese bebonakala behlukana: baqala ukukhuluma okuningi futhi ngokuhlukahlukene, ngesikhathi esifanayo behumusha isitoreji sabo esisezingeni eliphansi. Zombili izinketho zivamile, kodwa kwezinye izimo, abazali kufanele bakhathazeke futhi baxoxe nodokotela wezinkulumo:
• Uma ngabe ingane ingayitholi inkulumo nhlobo (isibonelo, ayisho ukuhlanganiswa kwama-vowels kanye nama-consonants) futhi igxuma ngemuva kweontanga (ngaphandle kwezinsana ezingenesikhathi esivame ukukhula ngezinyanga ezingu-1-2);
• Uma umntwana emva kweminyaka emibili eqhubeka ehlala esiteji senkulumo yokuzimela (ukukhuluma ngezingane), udideka amacala nenombolo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba uhlole nodokotela-kungenzeka, ulahlekile, obizwa nge-alalia;
• Uma umntwana eqhubeka nokufaka ulimi eminyakeni emi-5-6, lokhu kungukusola kwe-dyspraxia (i-hypoplasia yokuzwa kwe-phonemic), okudinga ukwelashwa.
I-EXPERT:
UTamara Timofeevna BURAVKINA, ochwepheshe wezinkulumo zezingane
Ngokudabukisayo, emphakathini wanamuhla ophucukile kukhona ukuthambekela kokwandisa ukwehluka ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo phakathi kwezingane. Namuhla, ingane ngayinye yesine yengane yasenkulisa inokuthuthukiswa okuncane kokukhuluma. Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekuqashwa kwabazali futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ekungabikho kokuxhumana kwengane, nangakolunye uhlangothi, ukwehla ekukhulumisaneni okubukhoma kwabantu jikelele ngokuthanda ithelevishini kanye ne-Intanethi. Esinye isizathu sokugxila ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo enganeni kungase kube isixwayiso ngokweqile kubantu abadala. Ukuxhumana nomntwana usuku nosuku, kulula ukufunda ukuqonda konke kunzima ukubona amagama. Kodwa-ke uzomnciphisa izisusa zokuthuthukisa inkulumo yakhe. Okwamanje, kunesiteleka esikhulu (iminyaka engu-3-4), emva kwalokho "ukunamathela" esiteji senkulumo yokuzimela kuyingozi hhayi kuphela ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo yengane yakho, kodwa nangenxa yentuthuko yayo yonke. Njengoba ngokufanele ukuthuthukisa inkulumo enganeni, ubeka "isisekelo" sokuphila kwakhe okuphumelelayo okuqhubekayo - kufanelekile ukuthatha lokhu ngokujulile ngangokunokwenzeka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo sokukhuluma, okuyinto esenkulisa izingane kuboniswa ngemibuzo engapheli mayelana nezwe elisizungezile. Uma abantu abadala beziphatha ngokweqile ngesineke (baxube eceleni izingane, phendule ngendlela ye-monosyllabic), izingane zingase ziyeke ukubuza imibuzo yazo, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kwabo kuzomiswa.