Muva nje, ukuze kunqobe ukungabi nabantwana, sebenzisa umama wokuzalwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Umama okhungathekile ukhona ukuthi umthamo wabazali (ohlelweni lokuzikhethela okuthiwa amakhasimende) uvunwa ngumama ozithandayo, yena ngokwakhe nomntwana ozalwayo akanalo ubuhlobo bofuzo. Lolu hlobo lomama wokubeletha lwalusetshenziswa okokuqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, lapho "umntwana ovela esitokisini sokuhlola" ezalwa khona. Futhi lolu hlobo lomama ozithandayo lwaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukugqoka". ERussia, umama wokubeletha uvunyelwe, kepha emazweni amaningi kunqatshelwe ukuthi kusetshenziselwe umama wokuzalwa.
Izinhlelo zokuzalwa zabazali ngezikhathi ezithile (isibonelo, uma ngenxa yokuhlinzeka, owesifazane akakwazi ukuba nezingane) yilo kuphela ithuba labesifazane lokuba nengane yabo. Ukungabi nalutho kungenzeka ngenxa yokungabikho kwesibeletho, esasuswa ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi ngesikhathi sokubeletha, i-fibroids. Ngezinye izikhathi abesifazane abanezinkinga ezibangelwa uterine noma abanezifo ezinzima abaphazamisa umphumela ojwayelekile wokukhulelwa kuzinsizakalo zomama wokubeletha. Umama wokuzikhethela ungasetshenziswa ngalabo besifazane abavele behambisa imibungu emihle embelethweni, kodwa yonke imizamo yahluleka.
Uhlelo olunjalo emazweni athile luvinjelwe ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo, kodwa eRussia Federation, i-Family Code inikeza umyalelo wezomthetho wokuba ngumama wokuzalwa. Ngaphansi komthetho okhona, umama ozinikele unelungelo lokunquma isiphetho somntwana. Ngamane nje, umama onganamuntu angagcina ingane yakhe futhi akukho lutho ongayenza ngakho. Ababelethi be-genetic bangathatha ingane ngokwabo kuphela emva kokuba umama ophikisayo ayenqaba. Izici zezokwelapha kulolu daba kuze kube manje azizange ziqonde kuze kube sekupheleni komyalelo.
Ngakho-ke, kuleso simo, abantu abaningana bahilelekile - umama wokubeletha futhi, ngokuqinisekile, abazali bezakhi zofuzo. Umama obelethayo angase abe nomndeni wakhe, ngaphambi kokuba abe nezibopho ezithile, ngakho-ke isinqumo kwezinye izimo sishintsha, naphezu kokuthi izinhlangothi zombili zasayine yonke imibhalo ngokubhaliwe. Ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kuvunyelwe umthetho. Ukukhulelwa kungaphazanyiswa ngenxa yokuthi abazali bezakhi zofuzo ngesizathu esithile abafuni ukuba nengane evamile. Ngomama wokubeletha kukhona iphuzu elilodwa elibalulekile - ukuthola owesifazane ophilile. Ngeshwa, cishe isigamu sabamama ababelethwe banenkinga encane yezempilo, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukukhipha ukwedluleleka kokutholakala kwengculaza engapheli ngokuphelele (ngenxa yalokho abazali bokuzalwa abangenqaba ingane yengomuso). Yebo, nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yokungena kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngeke kube nezifo ezintsha zokukhipha, futhi, ngeke.
Ngokwezibalo, ukukhulelwa nale ndlela yokukhulelwa kwenzeka ngamacala angu-30%, amaphesenti afanayo njengendlela ye-IVF. Kodwa ukusinda kwamabungu ekuqaleni (ukubeletha komama) kuphakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuvame ukukhulelwa okuphindwe kabili, okungukuthi kubangelwa ingozi enkulu. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi umama ophilile ongenempilo angase abe nokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic (okutholakala kumama 2% omama).
Impilo engokwengqondo nengqondo yengane esanda kuzalwa ixhomeke ekutheni owesifazane uyithwala kanjani ngokucophelela. Kwezinye izimo, owesifazane obamba iqhaza ohlelweni lokubeletha unina unemizwa yomama wengane ezayo, okwenza kube nzima ngaye ukuba anikeze ingane kubazali bezakhi zofuzo. Naphezu kwalokhu, amacala abambe iqhaza ngokuphindaphindiwe kwabesifazane kule hlelo ayaziwa. Owesifazane ozithandayo abahlanganyela kulolu hlelo bafeza ngokwethembeka izibopho zabo - banesithakazelo sezimali kulokhu.
Omama abaqashiwe basebenzisa abantu abahlukunyezwa ukungabi nabantwana, futhi lolu hlelo luyakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinkulu zenhlalo kubo futhi banikeze ithuba lokuba nezingane zabo. Emindenini yamantombazane "amakhasimende", njengomthetho, kulindelwe kakhulu futhi ngokuqinisekile uyathandwa.