Njengoba wazi, amazinyo omuntu ayesesikhashana (ubisi) futhi unomphela. I-genetically, kufanele sibe nama-milk amabili angu-20 namazinyo angu-32 angunaphakade. Inqubo yokukhipha izinyosi zesikhashana iqala ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-6 futhi iphetha eminyakeni engu-2.5-3. Ukushintsha kwamazinyo ebisi kumazinyo okuhlala njalo kuvela eminyakeni emihlanu kuya ku-12-14. Ngesizatfu esithile, abaningi baphenduka ngephutha ngokuthi amazinyo ahlala njalo. Eqinisweni, kunezimpande kokubili amazinyo okwesikhashana nezomphela. Ngokungenani ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa, izimpande zamazinyo omntwana zivame ukuqhutshwa kabusha. Futhi uma ususa, kubonakala sengathi babengekho. Kubuye kuthiwa amazinyo asheshayo abizwa ngokuthi ubisi, ngoba kuphela lapho kutholakala khona kuyasiza umuntu ukuba adle ubisi. Ngokwezinye izinguqulo, amazinyo omntwana wengane aphethwe ubisi lomama.
Okuthile mayelana namazinyo omntwana
Ngokuvamile, amazinyo omntwana asuswa kuphela ngenxa yokuguqulwa komzimba. Ukulahlekelwa kwamazinyo okwesikhashana kwezinye izizathu kuthiwa kungakabi isikhathi. Ukususwa ngaphambi kokumiswa kwamazinyo obisi akudluli ngaphandle kokulandelela. Izinkinga emva kokususwa kwamazinyo obisi kungaba yingozi kakhulu - i-arch yamazinyo iphuza, amazinyo angapheli aphuza endaweni yobisi esusiwe, angangeni kuwo, angene esikhundleni esingalungile. Ngakho-ke, amazinyo angapheli analo igama okufanele lihlale isikhathi eside. Ukususwa ngaphambi kokumiswa kwamazinyo namazinyo okuhlala unomphela kulungiswa kuphela ngezinkomba ze-orthodontic. Isibonelo, ukulungisa ukuluma. Ukulahlekelwa kwamazinyo kwezinye izizathu, ezimweni eziningi, iphutha lenkosi yabo.
Ngokusho odokotela, ema-25% -50% amacala, amazinyo ebisi asuswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Okuncane okujwayelekile kubantwana emadolobheni amakhulu, ngaphezulu kubantwana abavela ezifundeni zesifunda. Ezimweni eziningi (ama-80% -98%) amazinyo wesikhashana asuswe ngenxa yezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Odokotela bathole ukuthi amazinyo aphethwe ngaphambili ngokuphathelene nezinqolobane eziyinkimbinkimbi zisuswa kangako kunamazinyo angaphathwa. Amazinyo angapheli ezinganeni ngokuvamile asuswe izinkomba ze-orthodontic.
Kungani silahlekelwa amazinyo ethu?
Zonke izinkomba zokususwa kwamazinyo zihlukaniswe ngokuphelele (akukho ukungabaza) nesihlobo. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi, amazinyo omntwana asusiwe: nge-caries enzima (i-periodontitis, i-periostitis, i-osteomyelitis), ngokusho kwezinkomba ze-orthodontic, ngenxa yengozi (ukuphuka, ukuhlukaniswa). Amazinyo angunaphakade asuswe: ngenxa yezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izifo zesikhashana (izicubu ezithinta izinyo), izinkomba ze-orthodontic, ngenxa yengozi. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokukhipha izinyo kubantu abadala ziyizicucu eziyinkimbinkimbi nesifo se-periodontal. Izibalo eziphazamisayo zibonisa isidingo sokuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka komlomo, ukuphathwa kwamazinyo ngesikhathi esifanele nokuziphatha, ngenhloso yokuvimbela isifo se-periodontal, ukuhlanzeka ngomlomo.
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kanye nezinkinga
Manje ake sikhulume ngokususwa kwezinyo. Ngaphansi kokusetshenziselwa ukuchithwa kwezinyo kuqondwa inani lemiphumela evezwa ngokulandelana okuthile, ngenxa yalokho izinyo noma impande yayo isuswa esikhwameni. Ngalokhu kungenelela, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kwe-periodontal, kubuye kube nokwandiswa kokungena emgodini, okudingekayo ekususeni izimpande ezihlukene.
Ngemuva kokukhipha izinyo, izinkinga ezithile zenzeka. Kunezinguquko zomzimba hhayi kuphela kule nxenye yenqubo ye-alveolar, lapho izinyo zitholakala khona, kodwa futhi esifundeni samazinyo angomakhelwane. Futhi ngokuvamile uvame umhlathi ohlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukwephulwa komsebenzi wokuhlafuna. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngemuva kokukhipha izinyo, kukhona i-atrophy yamathambo esitokisini endaweni yesisekelo sayo. Kanye nokufuduka kwamazinyo angomakhelwane ngokuya kwezinyo ezilahlekile, okuholela ekuphazanyeni koxhumana nabo phakathi kwabo. Inani lala mazinyo emazinyo omhlathi ohlukile liphazamiseka, futhi ukunyakaza okuqondile kuyenzeka. Futhi uma ukulahlekelwa kwezinyo elilodwa kungathinti kakhulu umsebenzi wokuhlafuna, ukususwa kwamazinyo amaningana kunciphisa izinga lokudla okuhlakulayo.
Okubalulekile ekulahlekelweni kwamazinyo athile, ikakhulukazi ngaphambili, kube nemiphumela yezithokozi. Futhi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi inkulumo yokusebenza iphazanyiswa. Lokhu kuholela ekudingeni izidakamizwa. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule njalo ukuthi akukho denture ebeka ngokugcwele indawo yamazinyo.
Omunye kumele aphinde acabange ngemiphumela ephakama lapho kususwa okungenakwenzeka kwezinyo ezigulayo ezithintekayo inqubo yokugulisa umzimba. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukulondolozwa kwezifo ezithile (i-osteomyelitis, i-phlegmon) ekuthuthukiseni izicubu ezizungezile, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, kuze kube yilapho kubhekene nokulimala (izinkomba eziphelele zokususwa). Konke okubalwe ngenhla kubonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwezinyosi zamazinyo kungenelela okukhulu kwamazinyo. Kumele kuqhutshwe ukucabangela yonke imiphumela emihle nemiphumela emibi, ngokusho kwezinkomba zezokwelapha eziqinile, okhethwe udokotela wamazinyo.
Kuphuthumayo noma kuhlelwe?
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kungenziwa ngendlela ephuthumayo futhi ehleliwe. Kuye ngesimo jikelele sesiguli, ukusebenza kwenziwa emtholampilo noma esibhedlela. Ngokusobala, ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kwenziwa lapho kwenzeka khona ukubambezeleka ekufeni. Futhi, yebo, akukho ukuphikisana naye. Ukungahambisani nokuhlelwa okuhleliwe kwamazinyo kuhlobene futhi kungaba okujwayelekile kanye nendawo. Jikelele: izifo zegazi, isimiso senzwa esisemqoka, izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi, izifo zamalungu aphikisayo, isimiso senhliziyo nesisindo esigabeni sokuqeda amandla. Indawo: izinqubo zokuvuvukala ku-pharynx nasendlini yomlomo (isisu somzimba, ukutheleleka kwesisu, stomatitis), izicubu (i-etiology engacacile).
Abanye bacabanga ukuthi ukuphikisana nokukhulelwa kwezinyo - ngokuphathelene nokukhulelwa kwesisu noma ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziqhutshwa ngokukhethekile zibonise ukuthi ukususwa kwezinyo akuthinti kabi ukukhulelwa okujwayelekile. Okuhle kakhulu ukukhipha izinyo yisikhathi kusukela ngenyanga yesithathu kuya kweyesi-7 yokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucubungula ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwesigqila sokubeletha-isazi sezinkinga zokubeletha.
Ungasebenzi njenge-contraindication ekususweni kwezinyo nokuncelisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho uhlela ukukhulelwa, kuyadingeka ukuba ungcwelise umlomo womlomo. Okusho ukuthi, philisa noma ususe amazinyo enkinga. Ukususwa kwezinyo ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, kufanele, uma kungekho okukhombayo ukungenela okuphuthumayo, okuhlehlisiwe izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kuningi kulesi sikhwama senyosi esusiwe. Ngezifo zegazi (i-hemophilia, i-thrombopenia, i-leukemia) nezinye izifo ezivamile esigabeni esiyingozi, kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ukungenelela esibhedlela. Uma kungekho zibonakaliso zokungenelela okuphuthumayo, odokotela benza ukwelashwa kokuqala kwesiguli isikhathi esithile. Ngezifo ezimbi emlonyeni womlomo nasopharynx, ukukhipha izinyo kufanele kuhlehliselwe ekupheleni kwesifo, uma kunokwenzeka.
Amathiphu awusizo
Ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu ngemuva kokukhipha izinyo, lalela amathiphu alandelayo:
- Ukususa amazinyo ngendlela ehleliwe kungcono ekuseni.
- Ukulungiswa okukhethekile kokuhlinzwa akudingeki kumuntu onempilo. Kudingekile ukuthi ulungiselele ngokwengqondo ngokungenelela kokuhlinzwa okude isikhathi eside. Phela, amazinyo awasuswa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lungiselela umqondo wokuchotshozwa, umsindo we-mucosal rupture, umuzwa wokucindezeleka ngezinyo nokuningi.
- Ngaphambi kokukhipha izinyo, kutuswa, uma kunokwenzeka, ukuphumula okuhle. Ngeke ukwazi ukulamba, ngoba ukukhathala okuqinile ngokomzimba nokulamba kudala ukuthuthukiswa kokuphelelwa amandla, ukuwa nokushaqeka.
- Njengoba kunokungalingani kwengqondo okukhulu, kuboniswa (kudokotela kadokotela) sebenzisa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokususwa kwezidakamizwa ezihambelanayo (ama-bromidi nama-barbiturates).
- Ukuphuma okuncane okwenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwezitsha zegamu kusikhathi sezinyo kanye ne-periodontium kuvame ukuyeka emva kwemizuzu engu-2-5 emva kokukhipha izinyo. Ngalesi sikhathi emlonyeni womgodi ukuphoqa ibhola le-gauze.
- Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, isikhwama senyosi esusiwe sigcwele i-clot yegazi, okuyisivikelo ekungeneni kokutheleleka kuwo. Ukuze ungagcini i-clot yegazi, hlambulula umlomo wakho emva kokukhipha izinyo akukhuthazwa.
- Ngenhloso efanayo, akukhuthazwa ukuba udle amahora amabili.
Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, ingxenye enkulu yomthombo igcwele izicubu ze-granulation. Khona-ke ihlanganiswa ngendwangu yamangcwaba, futhi ekujuleni kwayo kukhona ukwakheka kwamathambo. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yesithathu emva kokukhipha izinyo, umgodi ugcwele izicubu zethambo. Futhi emva kwezinyanga ezingu-6 izicubu endaweni yendawo yangaphambili azifani nalabo abazungezile.
Izimbobo ze-trauma ngesikhathi sokususwa kanye nokuba khona kwenqubo yokuvuvukala kubangela ubuhlungu nezinqubo zokuphulukisa kancane. Uma kungabikho izinkinga esikhathini esilandelayo, ukuphulukiswa kwemali kahle kungenabuhlungu.