Ingane ngayinye ingumuntu ngamunye, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuthonywa yizimo lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwe-intrauterine kwenzeka khona, kanye nemibandela ekusetshenzisweni kokubeletha. Futhi, le nqubo ishintshwe izinga lokungabi nesikhathi sokuqala, isikhathi sokujwayela izimo ezintsha emva kokuzalwa. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ingane, akuyona into ebalulekile ukuthi uzalwa enempilo noma egula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwengane, isimo nesibalo sesifo, ukuvama kwezifo ezidlulisiwe, akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukondla ingane, ukunamathela embusweni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunzima, ukubhusa, ukuvivinya umzimba. Kumele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ngenyanga yokuqala iningi lezingane cishe alitholi isisindo, lesi sici asincike ezingeni le-prematurity yengane. Izingane ezindala esikhathini esifanayo zingahle ziguqule inzuzo yesisindo ngaphezu kokubekiwe. Ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo ngokomzimba kwengane engakafiki kuyadingeka, okokuqala, isikhathi eside sokujwayela izimo zokuba khona, okuyinto kubo entsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyuka okuncane kwesisindo somntwana osanda kuzalwa kuhlobene nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba sokuqala. Isisindo sokuqala ezinsana ezisenesikhathi sokubeletha sizobuyiselwa cishe amasonto amathathu emva kokuzalwa, ezinsaneni zezinsana ubukhulu bokuqala bubuyiselwa ezinsukwini ezingu-7 emva kokuzalwa.
Ngokuvamile izingane ezingenesikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3 zandisa isisindo somzimba ngezikhathi ezimbili, ngezinyanga ezingu-6 ubukhulu banda izikhathi ezintathu. Ekukhuleni, izinsana ezingakazalwa zinyanga zonke zengeze u-2.5-5.5 cm, lesi sikhukhula sithatha izinyanga ezingu-6. Ngemuva kwezinga lokukhula liqala ukwehla. Cishe izinyanga ezingu-7-8. ukukhula kwanda ngamasentimitha amabili, kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-9. ukukhula kwanda njalo ngenyanga ngo-1.5 cm. Isisindo somzimba wezingane ezisencane ngaphambi kokukhula kwesilinganiso senyukela izikhathi ezine kuya kweziyisithupha, isisindo somzimba sezingane ezincane kakhulu ngaphambi kwesikhathi sinamathuba ayisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi isikhathi ingane ikhula ibe yi-27-38 cm, ngakho-ke umntwana osanda kuzalwa unyaka olinganiselwa ku-70-77 amasentimitha.
Ezinganeni ezingakabiphi, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila, kukhona ukuvilaphaza, ukwehla kwezwi lomzimba, ukuntuleka kokuhamba. Izingxube ze-Congenital zakhiwe kabi, noma ngokuvamile azikho. Kukhona amacala lapho ingane eneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala ukuziphatha kuthola umlingiswa ohlukile. Izwi le-muscle lomntwana likhuphuka futhi uba ngumzimba osebenzayo futhi osebenzayo. Ingane enjalo isesimweni esithukuthele, kunzima ukumbeka embhedeni, ebusuku uvame ukuvuka.
Impilo yezingane ezisengaphambi kokubeletha ibuthakathaka, amathuba okuthuthukisa izifo ezithathelwanayo ziphakeme kunabantwana besikhathi esigcwele. Izinsana zangaphambi kokugula zigula ngezifo ezithathelwanayo zokuphefumula, ezenzeka ngezinkinga.
Ukwandisa ukuphikiswa komzimba, ukulungiswa kwezwi le-muscle, ukuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo, nokusheshisa i-psychomotor nokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba, odokotela ngokuvamile bancoma abazali ukuba benze ukuvocavoca nokugcoba nengane. Ukuzivocavoca nokusikwa akufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokulala, uma kungenjalo ingane ingase ibe yinkinga enkulu. Lezi zinqubo zenziwa kangcono ntambama futhi mhlawumbe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Izinqubo zenziwa imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokondla noma emva kokudla emva kwehora elilodwa. Ingane kufanele ibe nomoya omuhle futhi kufanele izwe kahle.
Noma iyiphi inqubo kufanele iyenze ukuze ingane ijabulise futhi ithakazelise, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingamcindezeli ingane ukuba yenze izivivinyo. Amakilasi kufanele aqhubeke ekamelweni elihle, kepha hhayi emakhazeni (cishe ngo-22-24 ° C). Uma ingane igula, kuyadingeka ukuhlehlisa yonke imisebenzi kuze kutholakale ngokugcwele.
Kunconywa futhi ukwethula umzimba wokuzivocavoca owenza ngcono ukuhambisana kwengane, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emoto.
3-4 izinyanga. - ukunyakaza kwengane kungangezwa ezindleleni ezisetshenzisiwe ngakwesokunxele, bese ngakwesokudla.
Izinyanga ezingu-4-5. - Ingane kumele ifunde ukwelula, futhi ithole amathoyizi.
Izinyanga ezingu-5-6. - ukuphoqa ngomntanakho ukukhamba.
Izinyanga ezingu-7-8. - Khuthaza imizamo yomntwana ukuma kanye / noma ukuhlala, kodwa kuphela uma egcina i-backrest kahle.
Izinyanga ezingu-9-10. - ingane iphakamisa eduze kwesekelo.
Izinyanga ezingu-11 - uzama ukuhamba ukugcina izitolo.
Izinyanga ezingu-12-13. - Fundisa umntwana ukuba ahambe yedwa.