Isisindo nokuphakama kwengane
Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, ingane esanda kuzalwa (lena igama lomntwana ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila) iqoqa cishe 600 g, i.es. Usuku ngalunye olusha luletha ama-gramu angama-20 esisisindo ku-crumb. Lokhu kuncane kakhulu kunezinyanga ezilandelayo, kusukela ngesonto lokuqala lokuphila zonke izingane ezinempilo "ziyanciphisa" ngesisindo, zinomzimba wokulahleka kwesisindo (ngokwesilinganiso, ingane ilahlekelwa u-5-8% wesisindo sangempela). Izizathu zalokhu yizokwabiwa kwesamba esikhulu semifino (meconium) kanye nokwamukela inani elincane lobisi ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, ngenani elikhulu lamandla asetshenzisiwe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izingane ezizalwa ngesikhathi (okungukuthi, ngokukhulelwa kwesikhathi esigcwele), kodwa ukuba nesisindo somzimba omncane, zingase zithole ngokunamandla ngenyanga yokuqala, njengokungathi zibandakanya oontanga babo abaqala ukudla kahle. Kodwa abantwana abangaphambi kwesikhathi bazuza kancane kancane. Ukukhula kwengane ngenyanga yokuqala kukhula ngo-3 cm.
Ukulala nokuvuka
Ukulala kwezingane kusanda cishe amahora angu-18 ngosuku. Ngokushoyo, ingane yalesi sizukulwane ivuka ikakhulukazi ukuze idle. Ukuvuka ngokwanele kuncane, kunciphise imizuzu engu-15-20. Akusebenzi njengasezinyangeni ezalandela zokuphila, futhi, njengomthetho, uqala ukudla. Izinsana zenyanga zonke kuyisici sokulala ngokushesha ngemva kokudla noma ngisho nangesikhathi sokudla. Yiqiniso, ingane ingavuka phakathi kokuphakelayo. Njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka uma kunesizathu "esinzima" - i-diaper emanzi, isikhundla esingakhululekile, umsindo omkhulu ovuselele imvuthuluka.
Isikhathi sokuhamba
Ubude bokuhlala emoyeni ovulekile kunqunywa yisimo sezulu. Ehlobo lapho i-crumb iqala ukuhamba cishe ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokukhishwa esibhedlela esibhedlela. Qala ukuhamba ukusuka emaminithini angu-20-30, isikhathi sabo sanda kancane kancane, sifinyelele cishe isonto emva kokuphuma kwengane amahora angu-1,5-2, i.s. ukuhamba kungathatha cishe sonke isikhathi phakathi kokuphakelayo. Okucacile esimweni esihle sezulu kuthathwa njengokuhlala okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku. Ngenkathi ebandayo, umntwana uvunyelwe ukujwayela ekhaya izinsuku ezingu-2, bese ekhishwa ". Yiqiniso, ukunaka izinga lokushisa lomoya (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C), ukungabi khona kwemimoya ebukhali. Qala uhamba ukusuka kumaminithi angu-10, kancane kancane ukwandisa isikhathi sokuhlala emgwaqweni kuya emaminithini angu-30-40 ngisho nehora elilodwa, kuye ngezimo zezulu.
Yini ingane engayenza?
Ingane enempilo yenyanga yokuqala yokuphila ihambelana nazo zonke izingqondo ezingenakunqunywa ngokomzimba, okubhekisela ku "congenital". Udokotela wezingane, ehlolisisa umntwana onjalo, ehlola ukuthi umntwana ubamba kanjani umunwe, uphonsa izinyawo entendeni yesigcawu esiphezulu, uhlala ezinyaweni ngokusekelwa endaweni yokuma kanye nezinye izinto ezibucayi. Ngokuvamile, ingane isaluthola ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo, ziyingozi. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala, umntwana ophilile, elele esiswini sakhe, uyakwazi ukugcina ikhanda lakhe liphakanyiswe okwesikhashana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzomele kube nokulungiswa kwesikhashana esithombeni kudoti elikhanyayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umntwana angase aqale ukumamatheka ngesikhalazo esifanele kuye.
Ukondla iziqu
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, inyanga yokuqala yokuphila iyonke imele isikhathi sokujwayela ingane ukuba ibe khona. Lokhu kusebenza ekudleni. Isibeletho sokubeletha ngokuvamile asikho indlela yokudla ecacile. Izingane zidla njalo njengoba efuna. Lona umbuso wokudla mahhala. Ngosuku lomntwana wenyanga yokuqala yokuphila isetshenziswa esifubeni ngokwesilinganiso izikhathi ezingu-8-12. Uma ingane idinga isifuba kaningi, ungasheshi ukwesaba. Ama-Crumbs asathuthukisa uhlelo lwabo lokudla, kungenzeka ukuthi bazobe behlelekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kudinga isifuba kaningi, ingane ingatholi kuphela amaconsi ebisi lomama ongenasisekelo, kodwa futhi iyanelisa ukwakhiwa kwayo, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni kwegazi. Ingane encane ekulungiseni okufakelwayo, emavikini amabili okuqala okuphila kufanele ithole ingxube eguqulelwe izikhathi ezingu-8 ngezikhathi ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-2, ingane ivumelekile (kodwa hhayi) ukuba nekhefu ebusuku, i. imvamisa yokudla izikhathi ezingu-7 ngosuku ngephumula lokulala ebusuku. Ngokuvamile izingane ezinjalo phakathi kokuphakelayo izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku zinikeza amanzi amancane njengesiphuzo. Uma ubuningi bomntwana ekubelethweni bekungaphezu kuka-3200 g, sebenzisa inguqulo yokuqala yefomula, uma ingaphansi - yesibili. Inani elitholakalayo lihlukaniswe inani lokunakekelwa, ngaleyo ndlela ubala ivolumu elilodwa elidingekayo lenhlanganisela. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-14, ingane idla ukudla kwansuku okulingana nomthamo we-V5 kusukela ebunzini bayo.
Ukuhlolwa
Ngenyanga eyi-1 ingane ingaphansi kokuhlolwa okudingekayo kwe-ultrasound ukuxilongwa kwe-hip joint pathology (i-dysplasia yabo, ukungena kwe-congenital dislocation). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ultrasound of the brain (neurosonography - NSH) ne-ultrasound yezitho zangaphakathi (ngokuvamile kaningi - izitho zomzimba wesisu, izinso). Ngokwezizinga zamanje zokuhlolwa, lapho unyaka ngamunye inyanga ngayinye idinga ukwenza i-electrocardiogram - ECG (ukubonisa okucacile kwezinto ezibonakalayo zenhliziyo esebenzayo).
Gcina bese uchama
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, ukuvama kokuvuthwa kuncane - kusukela ngo-1-2 ngosuku lokuqala kuya ku-8-15 ngosuku lwesihlanu. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala, ingane ingakwazi ukuvuthisa izikhathi ezingu-20-25 ngosuku. Ukuvuthwa okujwayelekile ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kuhlotshaniswa nezici zomsebenzi okwamanje awusebenzi ngokugcwele ngokwezinso zezinso. Futhi inani lamanzi asetshenziswe ezinsukwini zokuqala lincane. Sihlalo somntwana wenyanga yokuqala siyashintsha kakhulu kumvamisa kanye nemvelo. Ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2 zokuqala ezinomunyu, izinhlanzi zokuqala zombala obomvu ogqamile zihlukile, okuthiwa i-meconium. Khona-ke kuphawulwe ukuthi isitoli esiphezulu senziwa njalo, kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-6-8 ngosuku, isichazamazwi esingaguquguquki (esinemifino, i-mucus, izimbungulu ezingapheliyo). Ngemuva kwezinsuku zokuphila, isitokisi somntwana siphuzi, i-mushy, inomuncu omuncu. Imvamisa ye-defecation ivela izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezi-5-8 ngosuku. Ezinganeni, i-stool "yokufakelwa", njengombuso, iyinto engavamile - isilinganiso sezingu-3-4 ngosuku. Uma umntwana ethola ubisi lwebele, oluhle kakhulu, kungase kube neziqephu zokubambezeleka kwesibalo sezinsuku ezingu-1-2, kungahambisani nokuvinjelwa, ukubamba noma ukuphumula kwemvuthuluka.
Inoculations
Ngenkathi esesibhedlela sokubeletha, ingane inesikhathi sokuthola imithi emibili - ngokumelene nesifo sofuba (ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila) nesifo sofuba (ngosuku lwesithathu nesikhombisa). Ku-polyclinic eneminyaka engu-1, ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokumelene nesifo sofuba. Yilabo kuphela abantwana abasengozini enkulu (uma omama babo bephethe i-virus ye-hepatitis B noma abanesandulela ngculazi, noma bahlushwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba bazalwe). Futhi ngenyanga, isilinganiso sesibili somgomo wokulwa nesifo sofuba. Kumele bathole abantwana, uma endaweni yabo yilapho kunezinkinga zegciwane noma iziguli ezinesimo esibucayi noma esingapheliyo. Yiziphi odokotela okudingeka bavakashele Ngenyanga eyi-1 ingane okokuqala iya ekwamukeleni kwi-polyclinic yezingane. Ngaphandle kwezingane, ngokusho kwezincomo zalolu daba, i-neurologist, udokotela ohlinzayo wezingane kanye nomchwepheshe wezinhlungu zamathambo kufanele ahlole ingane. Uma kukhona ubufakazi, uhlu lwabachwepheshe abahlola ingane enyangeni engu-1, lungandiswa. Isibonelo, ingane ingaqondiswa yi-ophthalmologist noma i-cardiologist. Manje siyazi ukuthi ingane ikhula kanjani ngemva kokuzalwa.