Izitshalo ezinjalo zihlukaniswe zibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi elula. Ukwakhiwa kwama-fertilizer elula kufaka phakathi isithako esisodwa esiyinhloko sokudla okunomsoco: kungaba i-phosphorus, i-magnesium noma i-potassium, i-nitrogen. Futhi lezi zinkimbinkimbi zihlanganisa izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-nitrogen ngendlela yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Amakhamera amaningi aphelele azoba yiwo afaka, ngaphezu kwezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko, enye i-magnesium enezinhlamvu ezincane. Amaminerali amaminerali ezitshalo zasendlini atholakala ngokuhweba njengesixazululo, ama-granules kanye nama-fertilizer-acting acrons (MRLs). Izitshalo ezifakwe emanzini zifakwa emhlabathini ngenkathi zitshala, zingahlanjululwa emanzini okondla izimpande nokugqoka ama-foliar. Ukuxazulula izixazululo kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Banezelwa emanzini, benza izimpande nama-foliar yokugqoka phezulu.
Uma unakho izimbiza ezingaphezu kweziyishumi nezitshalo zasendlini, khona-ke kuyoba lula kakhulu ukuba uthenge isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi semifuno yamaminerali okwenziwe ngomumo, futhi unikele okuthandayo kulabo abanamacici okulandelela. Uma ingadi yakho yasekhaya ingafaniswa usayizi nesitshalo, futhi iqala ukufuna izimali ezinkulu ukuthenga umanyolo, kuyoba kufanelekile ukondla izitshalo ngamanyolo alula emaphaketheni amakhulu, zihlanganise wena. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-foliar kufanele kube yi-nitrogen equkethe uhlobo lwe-ammonia (urea), futhi inhlabathi kufanele idliwe nge-oxides noma ingxube ye-nitrogen oxides ne-urea.
Kusemgqeni wamaminerali amaminerali ukuthi inani elandisiwe kakhulu lamagama nezinhloso litholakala. Inzuzo enkulu yalezi zifaka umquba emakhemikhali abo. Kuthiwani ama-fertilizer amaminerali ezitshalo zasendlini angahlukaniswa? I-plus yilapho izitshalo zidinga izakhi ezinkathini zabo zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa ngokungalingani. Lapho isitshalo siqala ukukhula, sidinga i-nitrogen, lapho i-phosphorus ne-potassium ikhula futhi ivuselele. Futhi yiziqu zemaminerali ezingafaka isitshalo lokho okukudingayo, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukunciphisa amaminerali amaminerali ezitshalweni zasendlini ukuthi yibo bodwa kunzima ukuphatha. Njengoba wazi, isitshalo kufanele sithole izici eziyisishiyagalombili zokulandelela. Futhi kumanyolo wamaminerali aqukethe ezintathu kuphela. Kunesinye isimo esibalulekile - ukusetshenziswa kwamaminerali omanyolo kungathinta izakhiwo zenhlabathi, okungukuthi, i-acidity, inani lesawoti, njll, ngakho kufanele uwasebenzise ngokucophelela futhi uwasebenzise ngokucophelela! Amaminerali amaminerali ngokuvamile aqukethe izakhi ezihlukaniswe zibe yizici ezincane nezinhlangothi eziningi. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ama-macronutrients, okungukuthi, nge-nitrogen, e-phosphorus nase-potassium, lokhu kuhlanganisa kuhlanganisa i-magnesium, i-calcium nesulfure. Izakhi zokulandelela zihlanganisa insimbi, i-zinc, i-manganese, ithusi, i-molybdenum ne-boron, eyenza isitshalo enye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze isitshalo, izakhi ezilandelanayo zidinga ngamanani amancane, futhi ukuntuleka kwabo kunethonya elibi empilweni yesitshalo kanye nezimbali zalo, i-fruiting.
I-nitrojeni - into ebalulekile yokutshala indlu, nguye - ingxenye ebalulekile yeprotein yamakhemikhali. I-nitrojeni ikhuthaza ukukhula kwamaqabunga, amahlumela kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-chlorophyll - amangqamuzana ahlaza okwesitshalo.
I-Phosphorus ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande, amaqabunga e-ovary nezinso. Kubalulekile nokuvuthwa, umbala wezimbali, imbewu nezithelo.
Potassium. Igcina ukulinganisela kwamanzi wesitshalo, igcina amanzi emaqenjini. Futhi kunomthelela ekwandiseni ukumelana kwesitshalo ezinambuzane futhi kwandisa ukumelana nezimo ezimbi.
Isibabule, njenge-nitrogen, sakha ama-protein-like plant and chlorophyll afana nesakhiwo sokwakha.
I-calcium inesibopho sokwandisa amandla wezicubu zezitshalo futhi, njenge-potassium, yandisa ukukhuthazela kwesitshalo.
Ngokuvamile, isitshalo sendlu sithuthukiswa izakhi ezinomsoco okwanele uma sidliwa yiyo ngesikhathi sokukhula futhi ungakhohlwa ukuyifakelwa ngezinye izikhathi emhlabathini omusha. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuqaphela ukuphazanyiswa ekukhuleni, umbala wesitshalo sakho ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Empeleni, ukudla kwesitshalo kuphazamiseka. Uma ukukhula kwesitshalo kuncipha, lokhu kubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen - amaqabunga aqala ukukhanya, umbala waqhamuka nomthunzi obomvu uvele. Izicubu ezinomzimba zesitshalo zikhuluma ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen. Lesi sitshalo siba nezifo nezinambuzane. Futhi uma izimbali zingabonakali noma zidwetshwe ngombala obala, isibonakaliso esifanele sokungabikho kwe-phosphorus. Lapho isitshalo sangaphakathi singapheli ngosuku olufudumele nolususayo, lokhu kubonisa ukuntuleka kwe-potassium. Lesi sitshalo asikhuli, amaqabunga awela, isitshalo sibhekene nezifo nezinambuzane. Isibonakaliso esivamile sokuntuleka kwensimbi, lapho umbala wemifino yamagqabi uba luhlaza obumnyama, futhi ubuso buba buhlaza nge-tinge ephuzi. Lesi sitshalo sibhekene nomkhawulo emgodini, lapho usuku lokukhanya luba mncane noma i-acidity yenhlabathi iyancipha. Uma izinga le-asidi lomhlaba likhululekile kulesi sitshalo, khona-ke lizokwazi ukuthola imithi kahle. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhasi emanzini kunciphisa ngokushesha i-asidi yomhlaba namaqabunga aphuzi, kukhona ukusweleka kwensimbi. Izitshalo eziningi ngesikhathi sokukhula akudingeki zikhohlwe ukudla kanye kanye ngesonto. Ebusika, isitshalo sondliwa kaningi, kanye kanye namaviki amane. Uma isitshalo selusha, sidinga umanyolo nge nitrogen eningi, sizokhuthaza ukukhula kwesimiso namaqabunga. Uma lesi sitshalo siqhakaza, kufanele sondliwe ngezingxenye zamaminerali nge-phosphorus. Futhi nge-potassium, iningi elikhulu kakhulu, noma yisiphi isitshalo sidinga kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthukiswa.
Nazi izindlela ezimbili zokusebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali wezitshalo zasendlini: umanyolo omkhulu uqaliswa ngaphambi kokutshala, udliwe ngenkathi ekhulayo. Zisetshenziswa futhi ngendlela eqinile, zifakwa emhlabathini, futhi ngendlela yesisombululo, isixazululo kufanele senezwe ngokushesha ngemva kokulungiselela.