1. Isizathu somdlavuza webele isisindo somzimba
Iqiniso: engxenyeni kuphela yamacala, odokotela basola izakhi zofuzo ezingafanele (BRCA1 ne-BRCA2). Ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza iphakeme (futhi engekho ngaphezulu!) Uma omunye wezihlobo zomama ongakabi neminyaka engama-60 ehlangene nalesi sifo. Kodwa abesifazane abaningi babhaliswa nodokotela, njengomthetho, hhayi ngenxa yesiguquko esithile sezakhi zofuzo, kodwa ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezici zokuphila nokuphila. Ososayensi abasazi ukuthi yini ebangela umdlavuza webele. Kuze kube manje u-2/3 kuphela wamathumba ayaziwa ukuthi uyamxhomeka kwe-hormone, futhi kwabesifazane abangaphansi kuka-40 baqhubekela phambili ngokushesha. Kodwa lolu lwazi alwanele. Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuthola ukuthi yisiphi isizathu, qhathanisa nabesifazane abanempilo kulabo ababhekana nalesi sifo ubuso nobuso. Lezi zifundo okwamanje zenziwa emazweni amaningi, futhi izigidi zabesifazane emhlabeni wonke ziyethemba ngabo.
2. I-Rak ihlala njalo ivela ezikhunjini
Iqiniso: Amaphesenti ayishumi kwabesifazane ababenenkinga yokuxilongwa kakhulu abazange babe nobunzima, ubuhlungu noma ezinye izimpawu ezibonisa inkinga ngesifuba. Futhi phakathi kwabangu-80-85% kulabo abafika ekwamukeleni abanamacilongo, abazange babe yingozi empilweni nasezempilo. Ngokuvamile lawa ma-cysts noma ama-benign formation, okuthiwa i-fibroadenomas. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ungakwazi ukungazinaki ubuhlungu, ubomvu, ukuvuvukala kwanoma yisiphi isayizi. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela ngokusobala, nje nje ukuthi ungesabi esikhathini esithile. Ikakhulukazi uma: uphawu futhi ngisesifuba, eduze noma ngakwesokunene; ubuhlungu, ukuzwa okuvuthayo; shintsha usayizi nesimo; ukukhishwa kusuka ezingeni.
3. Abesifazane abanamabele amancane bahlinzekwa ngukugula
Iqiniso: usayizi awunandaba. Umdlavuza wesibeletho uqala emathisheni amancane futhi amangqamuzana ahlanganisa amathanga ebisi (lapho ubisi kukhiqizwa futhi ungena khona). Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ugqoke ubukhulu bezingubo zangaphansi kwe-A, B, C, inani lama-lobules ngaphakathi lapho kutholakala khona amathanga ebisi, okufanayo. Amabele amakhulu namancane ahlukene kuphela emzimbeni wezicubu ze-adipose, okusho ukuthi, ngokwezifundo, awunamthelela omkhulu ekubukeni kwesifo. Isiphetho: nakanjani bonke abesifazane abadala kuneminyaka engama-40 kufanele bahlolwe njalo udokotela. Akukho okungafani ngobukhulu, ubuzwe, uhlobo lesikhumba alukwazi ukube.
4. Ngokuvamile ukwenza i-mammogram kuyingozi. Odokotela batusa ukuthi abesifazane abangaphezu kwengu-40 kufanele baphuthumise kanye ngonyaka. Akudingeki ukhathazeke: ama-radiation doses alawulwa ngokucophelela futhi empeleni aphansi kakhulu - afana nendiza eyodwa endizeni noma inani elilinganiselwe livela emithonjeni yemvelo izinyanga ezintathu. Ngokuvamile, sasinenhlanhla kunamama nogogo bethu. Namuhla, abesifazane bathola ama-radiation angaphansi kuka-50 eminyakeni engama-20 edlule. Futhi amathuba okuthola izinkinga zempilo ezibucayi cishe ayilingana ne-zero. Enye into ukuthi indlela yokuhlola kufanele iqoke udokotela. Kuze kube nzima ukufunda iminyaka engama-35 esifubeni. Kodwa i-ultrasound, ngokuphambene nalokho, isivumela ukuba sibone ngisho nokwephulwa okuncane kwesimo esibucayi nesimangazayo. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, izicubu ze-glandular zishintshwa yi-fat and the mammogram iya phambili (ultrasound iba usizo). Kunoma yikuphi, udokotela kuphela okufanele anqume ngokuhlola. Ukwenzela i-mammogram eminyakeni engu-25 yokuvuselelwa akufanelekile.
5. Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha - esinye sezifo sisusa
Iqiniso: odokotela bathi idatha yocwaningo ayikholi ukuthi bayeluleka iziguli zabo ukwenqaba ukukhulelwa. Ososayensi bathatha iphilisi phakathi nonyaka ka-90 futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bathola ukuthi amaphilisi akhulisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele. Kodwa awukwazi ukuthembela kulolu lwazi, ngoba lezi zilungiselelo zishintshile kakhulu. Okungenani, aqukethe ama-hormones aphansi kakhulu. Kodwa izinto ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe zisabalulekile. Okokuqala, amaphilisi kufanele aqokwe udokotela, ecatshangelwe iminyaka kanye nesimo sempilo. Yiya ekhemisi bese uthengisa lokho okuthengiswa ngumthengisi, noma uthathe isisu sokuvimbela, ngokulandela isibonelo sabangane - akungacabangi. Izindlela zokuvimbela izinkinga zishintsha isizinda se-hormonal, futhi lezi azizona izinto ezingenabungozi. Okwesibili, kufanele ubambelele ngokuqinile embusweni wokungenwa: izinyanga ezingu-9 zokuphuza, izinyanga ezintathu zokuphumula, ukuze umzimba ube nesikhathi sokubuyisa futhi ulethe amahomoni ngendlela efanele. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bakhohlwa ukutshela iziguli zabo ngakho.
6. Amantombazane amancane awaphethwe umdlavuza webele
Iqiniso: naphezu kokuthi lesi sifo senzeke kangako ngaphambi kokuba sibe neminyaka engama-30, asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi ngeke sithinte amabele akho ngesikhathi esincane. Ukuze ungaphuthelwa umzuzwana, zilalele, ungayinaki izimpawu ezisolisayo bese uzizwa esifubeni sakho kanye ngenyanga kusukela uneminyaka engu-20. Futhi emva kuka-30 uvakashele njalo udokotela futhi uma ebona kuyadingeka, yenza i-ultrasound yezinhlayiya ze-mammary. Uma emndenini wakho kukhona izifo zomdlavuza, kunengqondo ukwengeza izindlela ezibucayi zokuhlolwa (okungenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukuguquguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile). Isibonelo, ukucabanga kwe-resonance magnetic ngokuphambene (MRT). Khona-ke udokotela uyoba nethuba lokutadisha ngokucophelela isimo futhi enze ukuxilongwa okunembile kakhulu (i-ultrasound "ibona" izimpawu emva kwe-1 cm).
7. Abaphikisana namagciwane baphathelene nokubonakala kwesisu
Iqiniso: konke abakwaziyo - ukuvala ama-pores nokuvusa ukuvuvukala komgwaqo. Ngokuqondene nomdlavuza, le mqondo engalungile isekelwe ukuthi ama-déodorants awavumeli ukujuluka, kanti amakhemikhali afanele ukuba afinyelele phezulu ngokujuluka ahlale emzimbeni, enza ukuba kuthuthukiswe izicubu ezimbi. Amahemuhemu athandwa kakhulu kangangokuthi ngo-2002, ososayensi bahlela uphenyo olukhethekile. Futhi? Kwakungekho ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-antiperspirants kanye nomdlavuza webele. Abaningi abesabi ama-toxin, kodwa amakhemikhali athile kuma-deodorants (ama-aluminium usawoti, ama-parabens), ekholelwa ukuthi yiwona owenza izifo zonke. Iziphakamiso? Emazweni asathuthuka, lapho abesifazane bengasebenzisi abaphikisana nezidakamizwa, isilinganiso sabantu besifazane sinciphile. Kodwa-ke, amakhemikhali awahlali njalo ngokuthuthumela. Futhi e-US, lapho ama-deodorants engathandwa kakhulu, ukukala kwesifo somdlavuza webele kunesidingo kunokwesibonelo, eYurophu. Ngo-2004, abacwaningi bathola ama-parabens ezinhlakeni zesisu esibi sebele. Kodwa abakwazanga ukufakazela ukuthi, noma yiziphi ezinye izinto zamakhemikhali eziphikisana nezidakamizwa, zazibandakanyekile kulokhu.
8. I-bra enesisindo ivuselela ukuguqulwa kweseli
Iqiniso: Asikho isizathu esiyinkimbinkimbi sokukholelwa ukuthi ilineni (idayisi, ukotini, ukwenziwa kwamathambo, emathanjeni nangaphandle) kuhlobene nokubunjwa okubi. Lehemuhemu isekelwe ukuthi i-bras ivimbela ukuphuma kwe-lymph, elayishwe nge-toxin. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuyona into engaphezu kokucabanga. Azikho izifundo ezenziwe kulo magazini. Futhi izikhungo zezokwelapha ezinkulu kakhulu ziphikile lesi sitatimende. Uma abesifazane abangeke bagqoke ilineni, cishe bangabhekana nomdlavuza wesifuba, lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi bangamahle kakhulu. Ukukhuluphala komzimba kungenye yezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidakamizwa ze-mammologists ziphikelela ukuthi ubukhulu bhusi buhambisana nomthamo webele. Uma likhulu futhi liphazamisa ukuphuma kwamanzi, lokhu kungabangela ukukhathazeka (ushintsho ezithombeni zesifuba).
9. Amanzi ebhodleleni lepulasitiki elishiye elangeni liphenduka ubuthi
Iqiniso: ngemuva kwalokhu kwezinganekwane kukhona umqondo wamanga wokuthi i-dioxins (iqembu lamakhemikhali ayenobuthi obuhambisana nezifo eziningi, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza webele) uthole kusuka ebhodleleni elivuthayo emanzini. Kodwa! Epulasitiki ayikho i-dioxin, futhi imisebe yelanga ayinamandla okuvusa ukubukeka kwabo. Amabhodlela amaningi atholakalayo ayenziwe nge-polyethylene terephthalate (ebizwa nge-PET). Lesi sici sivivinywe ngokucophelela okukhethekile. Futhi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi kuphephile. Okunye okuwukuthi emva kwamanzi, amabhodlela abuye agcwaliswe itiye, i-mors, ubisi, ibhotela ngisho nophuzo olukwenziwa ekhaya. Lapha ochwepheshe babumbene: iziqukathi zepulasitiki azikwazi ukugcwaliswa nganoma yini enye ngaphandle kwamanzi. Futhi yilapho kuphela lapho ezansi kukhona izibalo 2,3,4 noma 5 noxantathu, uphawu lokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe. Ngakho-ke, ungathunga futhi uphuze amanzi ngamabhodlela epulasitiki - akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo nomdlavuza webele. Futhi ngokugcina isitoreji kungcono ukhethe iziqukathi ezikhethekile zeglasi, i-ceramics, insimbi.
10. Uma uzivocavoca futhi udla kahle, umdlavuza awusoze wagula
Iqiniso: wonke umuntu, futhi kuqala kubo bonke odokotela, banesithakazelo esikhulu ekwenzeni lokhu kuyiqiniso. Kodwa uma kuphephile ukusho ukuthi izingxenye ezinjalo zokuphila okunempilo zikuvikele ngokuphelele ekuhluphekeni, akekho ongakwazi. Naphezu kokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile amathuba okubhekana nesifo ayenyuka (isibonelo, ngezifo ezixhomeke ku-hormone noma ngokweqile), okwamanje kunolwazi oluncane ngalokho okubangelwa umdlavuza nokuthi ungakugwema kanjani. Ukuze unqande umdlavuza webele ngesinye isikhathi, udinga ukuqoqa idatha engokwesayensi. Okubaluleke kakhulu yilokho lapho umehluko phakathi kwabesifazane abanempilo nalabo abane-oncology bafundiswa.