Iyini i-cholesterol?
Ngokuphilayo, i-cholesterol ingomunye wabamele abaluleke kakhulu be-sterols - izinto eziphilayo ezivela eqenjini le-steroids yezinto zemvelo eziphilayo ezisebenzayo. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kuthatha ingxenye eqondile ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi.
Kodwa-ke, i-cholesterol nayo inezindawo eziningi ezingalungile. Ngakho okuqukethwe kwalo okuphezulu kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina kwesifo somzimba. Izinga eliphakeme lokuqukethwe kwalo egazini lingabonwa ngesifo sikashukela, i-gout, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-hypothyroidism, ukukhuluphala, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-cerebral circulation, izifo zesibindi nezinye izifo. Kungase kube nokunciphisa kwe-cholesterol, isibonelo, ngezifo ezilandelayo: izifo ezikhukhumezekile nezingapheliyo, ukuhluleka okukhulu kwenhliziyo ngegazi elinomthelela esibindi, izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo, i-hyperthyroidism.
I-cholesterol ayichitheli emanzini, kodwa ingaqedwa ezintweni ezinjenge-alcohol, esters, i-acetone, nezinye izixazululo eziphilayo, kanye namafutha wezitshalo nezilwane. Ukubaluleka okuphilayo kwe-cholesterol ekwenzeni kwayo ukudala ama-ester uma kusabela ngamafutha acids. Ngokuphendula okunjalo, ukubonakala kwekhamera elimibalabala kakhulu kubonakala-le ndawo futhi isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-cholesterol.
Imisebenzi ye-cholesterol
I-cholesterol inemisebenzi eminingi yemvelo - yenza ama-bile acids emzimbeni womuntu, ubulili kanye nama-horticone e-corticosteroid, i-vitamin D3.
Iqukethe kuwo wonke amangqamuzana omzimba womuntu, esekela ifomu labo. Njengoba ikhona ekubunjweni kwezingqamuzana zamangqamuzana, iqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwayo okukhethiwe kukho konke okungena esitokisini bese kuphuma. Uhlanganyela futhi ohlelweni lokulawula umsebenzi wama-cell enzymes.
Inqubo yokwehlukaniswa nokuqedwa kobuhlungu obuvela emzimbeni futhi iyenzeka ngokuhlanganyela kwe-cholesterol. Ukuphendukela kwi-bile acid, iyingxenye ye-bile futhi ithatha ingxenye esebenzayo ekugubheni ukudla. Izifo zesibindi zibangela ukuphazanyiswa kokubunjwa nokukhululwa kwe-cholesterol, okuholela ekugcinweni kwayo egazini nasezindlini ezenziwe nge-atherosclerotic plaques emifuleni yegazi.
Phakathi nosuku mayelana ne-500 mg we-cholesterol emzimbeni womuntu i-oxidized to acidi bile, cishe inani elifanayo likhishwa ngendwangu, ngamafutha esikhumba - angaba ngu-100 mg.
I-cholesterol "ewusizo" futhi "eyingozi"
I-cholesterol iyingxenye yamaphrotheni-fatty complexes (lipoprotein) i-plasma yegazi lomuntu nesilwane. Ngenxa yalezi zinkimbinkimbi idluliselwa ezicubu nasezigumbini. I-lipoprotein complex complexes (LDL) emzimbeni omdala uqukethe cishe i-70% ye-cholesterol, cishe ngo-9-10% yayo ingxenye ye-lipoproteins ephansi kakhulu (VLDL), kanti cishe 20-24% we-cholesterol inamapoprotein amaningi (HDL) . I-LDL ekhuthaza ukwakheka kwamapulethi a-atherosclerotic abangela ukuphefumula kwe-atherosclerosis. Kukwakheka kwe-LDL futhi kuyingozi "ye-cholesterol".
Kodwa i-HDL ine-anti-atherosclerotic effect. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kuba khona kwakhe egazini lezilwane ezithile okwenza ukuba bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesifo somzimba. Ngakho-ke, i-HDL iqukethe i-cholesterol "ewusizo," edluliselwa kubo ukuze i-catabolism yesibindi.
Esikhathini esidlule, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi yonke i-cholesterol iyimbangela ye-atherosclerosis, ngakho odokotela bancoma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuqukethwe okuphezulu. Namuhla sekuyaziwa ukuthi isizathu sokuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis ngokuqondile yizinhlayiya zezilwane eziwumthombo we-LDL, futhi ezicebile ngamafutha amaningi agcwele. Ukwehla kwesifo sofuba futhi kubangelwa ama-carbohydrate, athandwa kalula ngumzimba, okuningi kakhulu emaswidi, ebunini. Kodwa ukutholakala kwamafutha yemifino ekudleni komuntu, okuyinto engumthombo we-HDL, okusho ukuthi, "i-cholesterol" ewusizo, kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukuvimbela ukuqina kwe-atherosclerosis.
Umkhuba wokuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol egazini
Ngokuqondene nanoma iyiphi into equkethwe egazini, i-cholesterol inemigomo yayo yokuqukethwe kwayo, kuyilapho amadoda ama-indices ephakeme. Ngakho i-cholesterol ingqikithi kufanele ibe sezingeni lika-3.0-6.0 mmol / L, izinga elijwayelekile le-cholesterol "elibi" (i-LDL) liyi-1.92-4.82 mmol / l futhi "eliwusizo" (i-HDL) - 0.7- 2.28 mmol / l.