USarah Bernhardt uyinkazimulo yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, enesiphetho esinzima nesingalungile. Phela, ngaleso sikhathi abasebenza babhekwa njengabangabongi kakhulu. Zahlulele uma ngabe imbongi ikhona izinkondlo zakhe, emva kokufa komculi - imisebenzi yakhe, emva komakhi - indlu yakhe nokwakhiwa, ngemuva komculi - izithombe nemidwebo, bese emva komdlali odlala emkhiqizweni, kunamaphuzu kuphela. Yilokho okwenzeka uSarah Bernhardt, ngoba nakuba efile esekhulile, akazange aphile ukuze abone inkathi yethelevishini. UBohemia wayehlala ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi: "Ukwenza lokho, nakanjani." Futhi le nkulumo yayigcwele yonke impilo yakhe nomsebenzi.
I-first of the superstars
Kodwa umdlali wezandla waqala futhi amanye amathalenta. Isibonelo, waba ngumlobi wencwadi ethi "Ukuphila Kwami Okubili", okwakunomlingiswa womlando wezinto ezizimele. Kwakungenalokhu uSara akwazi ukuwuthisa ngomlilo wesifiso sabantu ngisho nangaphezulu. Watshele ngobuhlakani izinto eziningi, kodwa ulwazi oluningi lwaluhlanganiswa nobumnyama, kufaka phakathi amaqiniso avela ekuphileni komuntu siqu.
Umlingisi wayengumama wesifazane ongumJuda onesizalo samaDashi - uJudith Hart. Lo wesifazane wayemnandi kakhulu, ngakho wayenabo abalandeli abaningi. Kodwa ubuhle abukwenzanga nje kuphela ukubukeka kwakhe, kodwa futhi ngomsebenzi - wayengumculi. Ubaba we-actress wayengumjiniyela ovamile, ogama lakhe linguEdward Bernard. Kodwa kukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi angaba ngubaba futhi amanye ngaphansi kwegama elithi Morel (isikhulu sezindiza zamaFrance aseMelika). Iqiniso elithakazelisayo - uSarah Bernhardt, lapho ebeletha ingane yakhe, naye wafihla uyise. Indodana yami yayibizwa ngokuthi uMaurice.
Ubuntwana nentsha
USara wakhuliswa ensimini yendlu yezindela, eyayingenalo ithonya, ngoba inkanyezi yesikhathi esizayo ayizange ifunde ukulalela. Kusukela ebuntwaneni ube yisimo se-irascible futhi sinenkani kakhulu. Ngesikhathi umdlali wesonto elizayo ekhishwa e-monastery, uzithola esesimweni esinzima. Ukuphila kwakhe ngaleso sikhathi kwakufana nezinto ezinzima, njengendoda ephonswa emanzini, ongakwazi ukugebha, engazi ukuthi benzeni.
Kodwa uSara osemusha wasizwa omunye wabagcini bakaJudith Hart (unina) - Count de Morny. USara wanquma ukuthumela ku-Conservatory, eyamsiza ukuba avele kubantu futhi aphumelele ekukhanyeni. Futhi-ke, "i-mop", amehlo ahlose kangaka, yaqaphela iphupho layo losuku - indawo yaseshashalazini.
Lapho i-"mop" idluliselwa emidlalo yaseshashalazini, umqondisi walesi sikhungo wabonisa ukungabaza ngomsebenzi wakhe, ngoba uSara wayemnyama kakhulu. Kodwa naphezu kwakho konke, uSara wayesathatha, futhi eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, wadlala indima yakhe yokuqala. Kwakuyi-debut, ngomhla ka-1-Septhemba 1862. Ukuphumelela komdlali we-actress kwakuyizinhlekelele zikaRaceine ("Iphigenia e-Aulis").
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi abagxeki babhala ngokungazi lutho ngoSara, bethi wayengeyona into ecacile. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuthinte umdlali we-actress, futhi wanquma ukuphila ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi: "Ngandlela-thile." Isikhathi esinamandla, ngezinye izikhathi uhlamvu lwesilisa, kanye nesibindi sikaSara esasimsizile samsiza. Umdlali we-actress ushiye iNdlu kaMoliere futhi waqala ukudlala kwamanye amathiyetha aphansi kakhulu: "Gymnasium", "Port-Saint-Martin", "Odeon". Kungani umdlali we-actress ephuma endaweni enhle? Yebo, ngoba ngifuna ukubuyela ku-prima donna ku- "Comedy Francaise" futhi ubonise konke ukuhlakanipha kwami.
Umsebenzi S. Bernard
UBernard waphumelela kahle ukwenza izindima ezihlobene nomlando we-classic, u-Takona wazamekela emisebenzini: Phaedra, Andromache, Desdemona, Zaire, njll. Njengoba eseqedile amakhono akhe kumaqhawe amancane, wawela izinhlobo zemidlalo zanamuhla. Enye yezindima eziphumelele kakhulu uMargarita Gotye ("Lady with Camellias" ngu-Alexandre Dumas-indodana).
USara wayenqobe langempela, owathola amadayimane nezinye izinto zokugqoka ezivela kubathandi. Ukuze angabibiwe, wayehlale ethatha isibhamu naye. Umlingisi wayenezinamathiselo ezihlukahlukene: emidlalo yaseshashalazini, izibhamu, ukuhlobisa.
Amaqiniso anesithakazelo ngomdlali we-actress kanye nekhono lakhe
Eqinisweni, bambalwa abadlali abadumile belo xesha, futhi namuhla, badlala indima eminingi njengoSara. Lokhu kwakungukuzalwa kabusha kuWerther noZanetto, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwakukhona ukungena esikhundleni sikaLornzaccio, impumelelo kakhulu kwakuwukusebenza komsebenzi weHamati futhi, eqinisweni, i-Eaglet edumile. Kuyadingeka ukuthi indima kaHamlet yayibaluleke kangangokuthi wayengakwazi ukunqoba ngisho noStanislavsky ngokwakhe.
U-Eaglet oneminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala, owayengeyona indodana enhle kunazo zonke zikababa odumile uNapoleon Bonaparte, uSara uzodlala lapho eneminyaka engu-55 ubudala.
Ngesikhathi i-premiere yomdlalo we-drama u-Edmond Rostand yenzeka esiteji, ukuhlangabezana nakho kwahlangana nezicucu ezingaba ngu-30, okwakwenza ukuba kube khona ama-furore. Indima yadlala ngo-1900.
Okumangalisa, kodwa kwakungakholelwa ukuthi uStanislavsky wayengabheki njenge-heroine, kepha kunalokho ukuphelela kwezobuchwepheshe ngaleso sikhathi: izwi lihle, idaski libukhali, i-plasticity, ukunambitheka kwezobuciko. Khuluma ngoSara nabanye abantu badume. Umbono womphakathi wukuthi uBernard angenza okuningi futhi acacise ngokucacile esiteji imizwelo yomuntu kanye neqhawe: isimo senjabulo, izikhathi zokuphelelwa ithemba nokudabuka, imizwa yenjabulo enkulu, nokuzwa okunengqondo nokubi, ukuhamba ngokushesha kusuka ekucindezeleni ukuthukuthela-kungunaphakade angabamba imizwa efihlekile kakhulu. I-Volonsky futhi yaziveza ngokuqondile ukuthi ukuhleka kwezwi, nezwi, nezwi lomdlali wezemidlalo lidumile. Wambiza futhi ngezwi legolide. Bashaya imimics nezinye izinhlayiyana ezivela kuSarah Bernhardt kuphela.
Izwe likaSara
Ezweni, uSarah Bernard waphathwa ngendlela ehlukile. Isibonelo, abaseMelika babheka ukuthi ukuvakashelwa kwakhe kwakungavumeleki futhi beqhathanisa umdlali wezinyoka enyoka, eyayiqeda ubuhlungu bamanga. Futhi eRussia bathatha isithakazelo esikhwameni sikaNapoleon.
Uma sibheka abezindaba, kuyacaca ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, uSara Bernhardt wayenomzwelo futhi kuphela imibiko kanye nezinye izindaba. Izimpikiswano zakhe, ukwehluleka kwakhe, ukuhlabelela nokuhlukunyezwa, konke kwachazwa. Lapho umdlali we-actress eseqedile, wabe esehamba naye kanye nabagibeli bezithuthuku ezilandelayo.
Isimo sengqondo sakwaSara nezinhlangano zenkolo sasingenjalo. Yayiyinkanyezi yokuqala, enezilinganiso zomhlaba wonke, ngakho akekho ongayisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo impumelelo yakhe.
USara empilweni
Uma abalingisi bodwa besiteji, khona-ke empilweni kumele bahluke ngokuphelele. Ngakho uSarah Bernhardt, wayehlala ehle kakhulu, enesinaliti egqoke, eqoshiwe, elethwe. Kodwa kwakukhona njalo imaski kuso futhi abaningi bathi kwakuyi-crook. Futhi konke ayenayo i-curl ebomvu ngaphambili, i-curl ebomvu ngezwi elihle, futhi kungenjalo uhlala engenzi lutho. Kodwa isisekelo salolu daba ukuthi uSara kwakudingeka azenzele yena, wadlala kuphela izithombe zabanye abantu emidlalweni, wazenzela yona: izwi lakhe, uhlobo lwayo, uhlamvu lwakhe kanye nalo lonke.
Inkanyezi yokuqala yalesi sikali yathonya ibhizinisi, yaqala ukukhiqiza negama layo nesepha, namafutha, ne-powder, ngisho namagilavu.
Ukuphila komuntu siqu
Umlingisi wayenamadoda amabili. Owokuqala wayeyisikhulu, owayengowokuzalwa emndenini wasendulo waseFrance. Futhi owesibili wayengumlingani esitolo - umlingisi waseGrisi, okuphawulekayo ngobuhle bawo obungavamile. Kwakuyindoda yesibili eyilethe umlingisi kanye nezinzwa ezintsha empilweni, futhi ugqozi.
Kodwa uSara ungowesifazane onamandla futhi akafuni ukuba ithoyizi lomunye umuntu, ngakho wavuka emlotheni futhi wenza konke okungenani ukuba afinyelele okuthile: ngokuzikhandla wayebandakanya imidwebo, ukudweba, ukudala imidwebo ngomdlalo wezindaba ezimnandi, imidlalo yemidlalo kanye nezinto. Futhi uSara Bernard wakhuphukela esibhakabhakeni ebhaluni laseGiffar.
Ngokuvamile uSara wayefaniswa noJoan waseAcc, futhi wayebhekwa nomlumbi wochungechunge njll.
Ukuphila kukaSarah Bernhard kwadlula ngokushesha futhi kwaba nempumelelo enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ngo-1914 kwakudingeka akhiphe umlenze, akazange aqale ukudabuka, ngoba ukulahlwa akuyona into yakhe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umlingisi waqhubeka ephila ngokugcwele nemicimbi ehlukahlukene yokuphila kuze kube ngoMashi 26, 1923 (ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe). Emngcwabeni waleso "ndlovukazi wezemidlalo" yafika ingxenye enkulu eParis. Kwakukhona lapho uSer Bernard omkhulu futhi ongenakuqiniseka ukuthi wayenethalente wayeholwa uhambo lokugcina.