Ngemuva kokuqala kwe-sugar substitute (saccharin) yasungulwa ngengozi emuva ngo-1879, umvuthwandaba wokuqala wokuthi "ukuthandwa" kwafika kuphela ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, lapho ukukhiqiza ushukela okwenziwe okwanele kwakunganele. Manje ukunakekelwa kwethu kunikezwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zokunambitheka, kokubili kwemvelo nokwenziwa. Kumnandi kumvelo kufaka: sorbitol, xylitol, stevia, fructose. Isakhiwo sawo sifana nesakhiwo soshukela, sinezinhlayiya, sithandwa ngumzimba, futhi sinika amandla. Ama-sweeteners ajwayelekile ahlanganisa: i-saccharin, i-aspartame, i-cyclamate, i-sucrasite ne-acesulfame potassium. Lezi zindawo zokufakelwa ushukela azitholakali ngumzimba, azikho amandla, futhi ziba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu uma zisetshenziswe ngokweqile. Ngakho ngaphambi kokunquma nokususa ushukela ekudleni kwakho nge-sweetener, kudingeka uqonde ngokucophelela konke lokhu "okuhlukahlukene okuthandekayo."
Okuvamile kunawo wonke ama-sweet fruit kukhona i-fructose - itholakala kuzo zonke izithelo, amajikijolo, i-flower nectar, uju, emnandi kune-sucrose ngezikhathi ezingu-1.7, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iqukethe amakhilomitha angaphansi amathathu. Ingasetshenziswa ekubheni, lapho ulungiselela ukugaxeka nokujamu, kunconywa ukuthi uyisebenzise iziguli eziphethwe yisifo sikashukela. Kodwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-fructose inomunye ubuhle obuhle - ishesha ukuhlukaniswa kotshwala egazini, futhi kusiza ukususa. Phakathi kwezici ezimbi ekusetshenzisweni kwe-fructose ekudleni kuyingozi enkulu yokwelashwa kwesifo senhliziyo.
Lo mnandi, onjenge-xylitol, owathandwa kakhulu ngabakhiqizi bezinyosi zokuhlakulela kanye namanye ama-toothpastes, atholakala kuma-cobs angama-corn and husks zembewu yekotoni. Okuqukethwe kwamakholori kanye nobumnandi obuphelele bulingana noshukela ojwayelekile, kodwa ngokulinganisa okukhulu kungabonakalisa njenge-laxative eqinile.
UStevia, lo mshukela wemvelo ushukela, akagcini nje izikhathi ezingu-25 ezinomusa kunalokho, kodwa futhi uyasiza kakhulu empilweni. Ingafakwa ngokuphepha kunoma yikuphi isidlo, lapho ushukela uvame ukufakwa khona - itiye, ikhofi, i-yogurts, i-confectionery. Akukhona nje kuphela okungewona onobuthi, kodwa ngokusebenzisa isikhathi eside kunciphise amazinga egazi le-glucose, kuthinta kahle ama-pancreas nesibindi, kusiza ekuqedeni i-diagrisi ye-allergen ezinganeni, kuthuthukisa ubuthongo, kwandisa ukusebenza komuntu-kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Okokugcina emgqeni we-sweeteners yemvelo yi-sorbitol, egcwele kakhulu ema-apula, ama-apricot ne-ash ash. Kodwa ukunambitheka kwayo kunciphise uketshezi kathathu, kuyilapho okuqukethwe kwekhalori kudlula ushukela ushukela ngo-53% (ngokungafani nezinye izidakamizwa), nakuba kusetshenziselwa njengendlela yokulondoloza ama-juice neziphuzo ezithambile futhi kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukudla okunesifo sikashukela. Uma usebenzisa i-sorbitol emzimbeni, ukusetshenziswa kwamavithamini kunciphisa, i-microflora yepheshana lamathumbu ithuthuka. Endabeni yokudlula ngokweqile kwe-sorbitol, indigestion, bloating, kanye ne-nausea ziyabonakala.
Ngokuvamile, njengoba ubona, ngisho nokunambitheka kwemvelo kunemiphumela yaso yecala. Kuyini isimo nabangane babo bokufakelwa?
I-saccharin, owokuqala phakathi kwabangenele ushukela, inomusa kunokushukela izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-300, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ayitholakali ngokuphelele umzimba. Ngokwezinye izazi, iqukethe izinto eziphilayo ezingabangela ukwanda kwe-cholelithiasis. Akunconywa ukuba udle esiswini esingenalutho, ngaphandle kokuthatha imikhiqizo equkethe i-hydrocarbon kanye nesamba esingaphezu kuka-0.2 g ngosuku.
I-Aspartame, ethandekayo yibo abakhiqizi bazo zonke iziphuzo zochungechunge lwe "Ukukhanya" nemikhiqizo ye-confectionery, ngesikhathi esisodwa kuyingozi kunazo zonke phakathi kwabangenelela ushukela. Phela, lapho izinga lokushisa lingama-degrees angu-30 kuphela, liqala ukubola ngaphakathi kohlobo lonke lwezinto, ezivaliwe nge-formaldehyde ye-carcinogenic. Ngosuku angathatha okungaphezu kuka 3.5 g.
Enye i-sweetener - i-cyclamate, ivinjelwe ngokomthetho ukuze isetshenziswe e-EU nakwa-US, kodwa isakazeke kakhulu ensimini yaseRussia (hhayi okungenani indima kulokhu kubiza kwayo). Ukuhamba kalula kuhlakazeka emanzini, izikhathi ezingu-30-50 ezinomsoco kunoshukela, futhi kubhekwa ukuthi imbangela yokuhluleka kwenkunzi. Ngosuku alukwazi ukuthatha okungaphezulu kuka-0.8g.
I-Sukrasit, nakuba i-sweetener okufakelwayo, kepha isuka ku-sucrose, ayihlanganyeli emzimbeni we-carbohydrate, ayisithinti izinga leshukela egazini. Uma isetshenzisiwe, isikhumba siphendulela ukuguqulwa kungenzeka. Usuku aluvunyelwe ngaphezu kuka-0.7 g.
Futhi ekugcineni, i-sweetener efana ne-potassium acesulfame, njengamanye ama-sweeteners okufakelwayo, ayigciniwe umzimba, isuswa kalula kuso, futhi iphindwe masinyane izikhathi ezingu-200 kunokushukela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ukhulelwe, uhlengikazi kanye nezingane. Ihlakaza kabi, futhi iphazamisa uhlelo lwezinhliziyo. Umthamo wayo ophephile awukho ngaphezu kuka-1 g ngosuku.
Abanambitheki nabangena esikhundleni soshukela - bayalimaza noma bazuze? Noma kunjalo sizama ukulawula lokho esikudlayo nsuku zonke, kodwa ekudleni kwethu, ngandlela-thile, bonke laba abathintekayo bashukela beza kithi emikhiqizweni eqedile. Ngamunye wabo unezici ezithile ezinhle, kodwa ezimbi azikho ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma unquma ukuqapha impilo yakho, ngesibalo sakho, futhi uzibeke esimnandi ngokufaka ushukela noshukela endaweni ye-ushukela - kungcono ungenzi. Okuwusizo kakhulu kumuntu wakho, futhi ngenxa yempilo yakho, kuyoba nokushintshwa kwamaswidi angokwemvelo ngendlela yezithelo, izithelo ezomisiwe namajikijolo. Musa "ukukhohlisa" umzimba wakho, unakekele - futhi uzophendula kuwe ngamafomu amahle kakhulu nenhlalakahle.