Abakhiqizi be-transgenes bathi bangakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga yendlala: nhlobo, izitshalo zabo zivikelwe ezinambuzane futhi zinikeze isivuno esikhulu. Kungani, njalo ngonyaka, amazwe amaningi enqaba ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yezofuzo? Futhi yimuphi umthelela weqiniso we-GMO empilo yabantu? Xoxani?
Muva nje, umhlalaphansi waseRussia waziqhenya ngokuthi iminyaka eminingana akawazi izinkinga ngamazambane akhula endaweni yakhe ye-dacha. Futhi konke ngoba, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, i-Colorado beetle ayidli. Ngenxa yokuthi "izwi lomlomo" amazambane ngokushesha athuthela emasimini nabangane nomakhelwane abangakwazi ukuthola okwanele wokukhipha isisindo esinqabile. Akekho kubo owayenomqondo wokuthi wayesebenzisana nezinhlobonhlobo zezambane ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-New Leaf", eyayiphangiwe ngokuphepha emasimini okuhlolwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-90. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngokusho komthetho olusemthethweni, yonke isitshalo, etholakala ngenxa yalokhu kuhlolwa, kwadingeka kubhujiswe ngenxa yokungabi nobufakazi bokuphepha kwayo.
Namuhla, izingxenye ze-transgenic zitholakala kokudla okuningi okujwayelekile, ngisho nasezingxenyeni zezingane. Ake sizame ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziphilayo eziphilayo ezithinta izakhi zofuzo futhi yiziphi izingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
UMninimandla onke
Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla buvumela ososayensi ukuba bathathe izakhi zofuzo emasenjini omzimba owodwa futhi bahlanganise nabo emangqamuzaneni omunye, bathi, isitshalo noma isilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhamba, umzimba unikezwe isici esisha - isibonelo, ukumelana nesifo esithile noma inkathazo, isomiso, isithwathwa, nezinye izinto ezibonakala zizuzisa. Ubunikazi bezakhi zofuzo lunikeze umuntu ithuba lokusebenza izimangaliso. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule umcabango wokuwela, uthi, utamatisi nenhlanzi, kwakubonakala kungenangqondo. Futhi nanamuhla lo mbono waqaphela ngempumelelo ngokudala utamatisi ongenamakhaza - isakhi seNorth Atlantic senyuka safakwa emifino. Ukuhlolwa okufanayo kwenziwa nge-strawberries. Esinye isibonelo yi-amazambane okuthiwa i-Colorado beetle ayidli (ukudlulisa izakhi zofuzo zomzimba kulesi sitshalo esinikeze ikhono lokukhiqiza amaqabunga ashukela ku-beetle). Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi "i-scorpion gene" yahlanganiswa ngokolweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumelana nemimoya eyomile. Izakhi zofuzo zamaJapane zazisa isakhi sofuzo lwesipinashi ku-genome yengulube: ngenxa yalokho, inyama yaba ngamafutha angaphansi.
Ngokusho kolwazi olusemthethweni, kuye kwahlwanyelwa amahektha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-60 emhlabeni namuhla izitshalo zeGM (isobho, ummbila, ukudlwengula, ukotini, irayisi, ukolweni, kanye nobheyi lwesithombo sofuzo, amazambane kanye nogwayi). Ngokuvamile, izitshalo zezitshalo ziphikisana nezinhlayiya, izinambuzane noma amagciwane. Futhi kuzo zakhiwe imishanguzo nemithi elwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, i-ulethisi eveza umgomo wokulwa nesifo sofuba, isibhanana esinama-analgin, ilayisi ne-vitamin A.
Imifino yeTransgenic noma izithelo zikhanyayo, zinkulu, zimile futhi ziphelele ngokuphelele. Uyothola ukuxazulula le-apula enhle ye-wax - ilala amahora ambalwa amhlophe-nemhlophe. Futhi ukuzalwa kwethu okumhlophe "emva kwamaminithi angu-20 kukhanya, ngoba kulezi zinqubo ze-apula oxidative zenziwa, zinikezwa ngemvelo.
Kunokuba sengozini?
Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zidla ukudla kwe-GMO nsuku zonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbuzo wethonya lama-GMO empilweni yabantu awusaphenduli. Izingxoxo ngale ndaba ziqhubeka emhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10. Ochwepheshe be-Genetics ngeke bafinyelele kunoma iyiphi imibono ecacile yokuthi imikhiqizo ye-transgenic ithinta kanjani umzimba womuntu nemiphumela engenzeka yokusetshenziswa kwabo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Phela, sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ukubonakala kwabo, futhi lokhu kuyisikhathi esifushane iziphetho zokugcina. Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ezihlotshisiwe ziyakwazi ukuguqula izakhi zofuzo emangqamuzaneni omzimba womuntu.
Ososayensi abafaki ukuthi ama-GMO angabangela ukwelashwa kanye nokukhathazeka okukhulu kwemithi, kanye nokwandisa ingozi yezifo ezimbi, ukuvimbela amasosha omzimba nokuholela ekuzivikelweni kwemikhiqizo ethile yezokwelapha. Nsuku zonke kukhona idatha entsha yesayensi eqinisekisa amaqiniso anethonya elibi le-GMO ezilwaneni zokuhlola, lapho zonke izinqubo emzimbeni ziqhubeka ngokushesha kunabantu.
Kukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi ukusebenzisa kabanzi kwezakhi zofuzo zokulwa nemithi elwa namagciwane lapho kudalwa ama-GMO kungabangela ukusabalalisa kwezinkinga ezintsha zamabhaktheriya e-pathogenic ezingaphenduli "kwezikhali" ngokumelene nezifo. Kulesi simo, imishanguzo eminingi ngeke iphumelele.
Ngokusho kocwaningi lwabasosayensi baseBrithani olwakhicilelwa ngo-2002, ama-transgenes anendawo yokuhlala emzimbeni womuntu futhi, ngenxa yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukudluliselwa okuphezulu", ukuhlanganiswa nezixhobo zezofuzo zezinambuzane zamathumbu emathumbu (ngaphambili kungenzeka ukuthi inqatshelwe). Ngo-2003, idatha yokuqala yatholakala ukuthi izingxenye ze-GM zitholakala ngobisi lwezinkomo. Futhi unyaka owodwa idatha ekhwabanisa nge-transgens yabonakala emaphepheni enyama yenkukhu, idliwe nge-GM corn.
Ososayensi baqokomisa ngokukhethekile izingozi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-transgenes kumayeza. Ngonyaka we-2004, inkampani yaseMelika ibike ukuthi kwakhiwe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemifino, lapho kwakulungiswe khona ukuthola amalungiselelo okukhulelwa. Ukupompa okungalawulwa okungahambisani nokunye kwezitshalo kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngokuzala.
Naphezu kwamaqiniso angenhla, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi izifundo zesikhathi eside zokuphepha kwemikhiqizo ye-transgenic azange zenziwe, ngakho akekho umuntu ongasho nakanjani ngomthelela omubi kubantu. Nokho, kanye nokuphika.
I-GMO ngesiRashiya
Abantu abaningi baseRussia abasoze bacabanga ukuthi ukudla okwakusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa sekuyisikhathi eside beyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwabo. Eqinisweni, naphezu kokuthi iRussia ayikho uhlobo lwezitshalo ze-transgenic ezisetshenziselwa ukudayiswa ngokusemthethweni, ukuhlolwa kwendawo ye-GM izinhlobo kuye kwaqhutshwa kusukela eminyakeni engu-90. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngo-1997-1998. Isihloko sabo kwakuyizinhlobo zamazambane ezenziwe nge-transgenic "New Leaf" ngokumelene ne-Colorado beetle, isithombo sebhitrudi, ukumelana nohlobo lwe-herbicide kanye nommbila, ukumelana nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Ngo-1999, lezi zivivinyo zavalwa ngokomthetho. Akudingeki ukuthi, ngoba sonke isikhathi inani elikhulu lokutshala impahla lithathwe ngabalimi abaqoqiwe kanye nezakhamuzi zasehlobo ngenxa yokukhula ngeziza zabo. Ngakho lapho uthenga amazambane emakethe kunethuba lokuthi "lingene" "elifanayo" elisha ".
Ngo-Agasti 2007, isinqumo samukelwa, ngokusho ukuthi ukuthengiswa nokudayiswa kwemikhiqizo equkethe izidalwa ezakhiwe ngokofuzo ezingaphezu kwezingu-0.9%, kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma kukhona uphawu olufanele. Futhi, ukungenisa, ukukhiqiza nokudayiswa kokudla kwezingane, okuqukethe ama-GMO, kuvinjelwe.
I-Alas, iRashiya ayingakulungeli ukusebenzisa lesi simiso, kusukela namhlanje kuze kube namuhla akukho ukuhlinzekwa kokulawulwa kokumaketha, imiyalo yokuqhuba ukuhlola, awekho ama-laboratories anele afakwe ukuhlaziywa kobukhona be-GMO emikhiqizweni. Futhi uma ekugcineni sifunda iqiniso lonke mayelana nemvelaphi yezimpahla ezitolo zethu, aziwa. Kodwa ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nokutholakala kwezingxenye ze-GM ekudleni kuyadingeka okokuqala ukuze uthathe isinqumo sokuthi uzothola noma cha. Futhi ungalimazi impilo yakho.
Encwadini!
Soy ngokwawo akumeli ingozi. Kunamaprotheni amaningi emifino, ama-microelements abalulekile namavithamini. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ama-soybean angaphezu kuka-70% akhiqizwa emhlabeni ahlukahlukene. Futhi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-soy - yemvelo noma cha - luyingxenye yemikhiqizo eminingi emashalofini ezitolo zethu, aziwa.
Ukubhalwa komkhiqizo "isitashi eshintshiwe" akusho ukuthi iqukethe ama-GMO. Eqinisweni, isitashi esinjalo sitholakala ngamakhemikhali ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela bokufuyelwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Kodwa isitashi singabuye sibe yi-transgenic - uma ama-GM-corn noma GM-amazambane asetshenziswa njengezinto eziwusizo.
Qaphela!
EYurophu, ngemikhiqizo ye-GM, ishalofu elihlukile linikezwa ezitolo, futhi izinhlu zezinkampani ezisetshenziswa imikhiqizo ye-transgenic zishicilelwe. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kubonakala sengathi kusekude. Yini okufanele uyenze kulabo abangafuni ukusebenzisa ukudla okwenziwa izakhi zofuzo? Amathiphu ambalwa angempela azosiza ukugwema ukuthenga okungathandeki.
• Ngaphandle, imikhiqizo enezingxenye ze-GM ayifani nezejwayelekile, ayinambitheki noma ayibala, noma iphunga. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba uthenge umkhiqizo, funda ngokucophelela ilebula, ikakhulukazi uma kuwumkhiqizo owenziwe ngaphandle.
• Gcina ukunakwa okukhethekile izithako ezifana namafutha ommbila, isiraphu yamagesi, isitashi samabele, i-soy protein, i-soybean oil, i-soy sauce, isidlo se-soya, i-cottonseed oil kanye ne-canola (ukudlwengulwa ngamafutha).
• I-protein ye-Soy ingatholakala emikhiqizweni elandelayo: isobho, i-pate vermicelli, ubhiya, isinkwa, ama-pie, ukudla okufriziwe, ukudla kwezilwane kanye nokudla kwezingane.
• Uma ilebula "amaprotheni yemifino" kule ilebula, kungenzeka ukuthi futhi i-soy - kungenzeka ukuthi i-transgenic.
• Ngokuvamile ama-GMO angafihla ngemuva kwama-E indices. Lokhu kuyi-lecithin yama-soy (E 322), esetshenziselwa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ushokoledi, zonke izinhlobo zokubhaka, i-margarine nemikhiqizo eminingi yokudla. I-sweetener modified gene-modified, i-aspartame (E 951), isithandwa sesibili esithandwa kakhulu futhi itholakala ekudleni okuningi okufana neziphuzo eziphuzile, ushokoledi oshisayo, ama-chewing, amaswidi, ama-yoghurts, ama-sugar substitutes, amavithamini, ukucindezela ukukhwehlela, Uma ishisa ekushiseni kwe-+30 ° C, i-aspartame idilika, yakha i-formaldehyde eqinile kakhulu ye-carcinogen kanye ne-methanol enobuthi obukhulu. Ukwesheya nge-aspartame kubangele ukuphelelwa amandla, isizungu, ukuhlukumezeka, ukuhlukunyezwa, ubuhlungu obuhlangene nokulahlekelwa kokuzwa.
• Unganciphisa kakhulu inani lokudla okwenziwe nge-transgenic kwimenyu yakho uma uthatha umkhuba wokupheka ekhaya, kunokuba uthenge imikhiqizo engapheliyo nemikhiqizo eqedile. Futhi udlule umzila weshumi wokudlela okusheshayo wokudla. Vumelana ukuthi ngokwabo uqobo lwalungisa i-confectionery, okusanhlamvu, izobho ezihlukahlukene, amadombolo kanye nezinye izitsha ziyi-tastier futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ziwusizo kakhulu.