Umquba.
I-Peat ingenye yezithasiselo ezivame kakhulu ekhaya. Kodwa izimali zayo ziyancipha unyaka nonyaka, futhi amanani ahamba ngokufanayo. Kulesi sixhumanisi, kubalulekile ukucinga okufana nezindleko. Enye indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo - umquba. Faka phansi izimbali ezivela kumquba awukwazi ukufaka indawo ngokuphelele. Kodwa lokhu akudingeki. Ngomquba, unganciphisa i-peat filler ngo-20%. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, nesithakazelo esifanayo sinquma izindleko, ukwandisa izimo zokutshala izitshalo zezimbali.
Ngaphezu kokulondolozwa kwemali, ukusebenzisa i-substrate evela kumgquba kuxazulula izinkinga eziningi kubahlali behlobo nabanikazi bezindlu zangasese. Isibonelo, kusiza ukulahla imfucuza yemvelo kwisayithi ngenzuzo yebhizinisi kanye nemvelo. Ukuququza umquba ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe kuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa utshani, amaqabunga awile, okudlulele kwemifino nezithelo uthathe izicucu futhi siwasize ngendlela efinyeleleka ezitshalweni ezizayo.
Ukwengezwa komquba kunomphumela omuhle emakhemikhali nasemzimbeni we-substrate yezitshalo nezitshalo. Inqubo yokulungiswa kwayo ixhunywe nomsebenzi wezinyoni ezincane zehlabathi aerobic, ezonakalisa izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe izinto ezilula. Lezi zindlela zokubuyisa kabusha zixhomeke kakhulu ezimweni ezingavumelekile zendawo, njengokushisa nokutholakala kwe-oxygen, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyilawula.
Uma kungenakwenzeka noma isifiso sokuquba umquba, ungathenga ngomumo. Isibonelo, umquba, owatholakala ngenxa yomsebenzi wezibungu, ikakhulukazi imbongolo ebomvu yesi-Californian. I-vermicompost etholwe ngosizo lwezibungu, ngokungafani nokujwayelekile, isakhiwo esiphezulu ngokwengeziwe futhi "ilungiselela" ngokushesha kakhulu. Iqembu labososayensi e-University of Ohio (USA) liye lafakazela ukuthi i-vermicompost ithonya kahle ukukhula kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi izitshalo zezimbali. Ngaphansi kwethonya layo, i-biomass iyanda, ikhwalithi ithuthuka. Ukubukeka kwezentengiselwano zezimbali kugcinwa ngisho nangemva kokuhamba isikhathi eside. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokungeza u-10-20% we-vermicompost ku-substrate. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakungekho isidingo sokutshala izimbali ekhaya ngamaminerali amaminerali.
Lesi senzo singachazwa izakhi ezengeziwe ezenziwe nge-vermicompost. Izitshalo kwi-substrate ene-vermicompost ziba ngcono kangcono kune-substrate ngaphandle kwayo, kodwa ngezinga elifanayo lezakhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela uyanyamalala uma inzalo ye-vermicompost futhi ingabuyiselwa ngisho nokungezwa kwamabhethri engeziwe.
I-Clay.
Ugqoko luyi-rock sedimentary rock. Sekuyisikhathi eside sesetshenziselwa ama-substrate e-potassium-substrate, nakuba lokhu akuyona into elula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Ugqoko lunamathele kakhulu, kunzima ukulihambisa ngokulinganayo ngenhlanganisela ye-substrate. Ngakho-ke, ubumba obomile buyisisekelo sokuqala futhi luhlanganiswe ne-black peat ehlanjululwe ukuvimbela izinhlayiya zayo. Lo mkhiqizo oqediwe ngomumo usetshenziselwa izingxube zenhlabathi ye-cyclamen, i-chrysanthemums encane, i-crysanthemums encane, njll. Ulayini ugcina amanzi kahle futhi uthuthukise ukumuncwa kwawo. Uma kuphela ubumba obunama-5% kuphela, ukungena kwamanzi kuphindwe kabili. Kodwa ngenkathi ithatha amanzi amancane kunomxube we-peat.
Ngakho-ke ukugaya kunomthelela omncane, ngakho-ke, ngokugqoka okuphezulu kwamaminerali, kukhangisa ama-ion aphikisayo ammonium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus. Lezi zakhi cishe azihlanjululwa ngamanzi futhi zisetshenziswa izitshalo kancane kancane, njengoba kudingekile. Kodwa kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zobumba zidinga izitshalo zezimbali.
I-coconut fiber.
Ama-coconut fibers enza ngcono kakhulu umphumela we-capillary we-substrate yemibala kanye nekhono layo lokuthola amanzi. Ukwengezwa kwama-coconut fibers kunomphumela omuhle kuwo wonke ama-flower plant tested. Okokuqala, umehluko wokugcoba koqweqwe olungenhla nolusenhla kwe-substrate embizeni yembali yehla, okuyinto ethinta kahle ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande - zihlukaniswa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke ivolumu. Okwesibili, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimila kuphuthumayo ngenxa yokuxhumana okusheshayo kwezimpande nge-substrate enomswakama, ngisho nokuhlwanyiswa (ekugcineni isendlalelo esingaphezulu siphume ngokushesha, okungukuthi, izimpande ezincane zikhona). Okwesithathu, ngenxa yomphumela omuhle we-capillary, ukomiswa kwesendlalelo esingaphezulu kunciphisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, iziqu zingcono kakhulu ezinqunywe enhlabathini. Okwesine, kulula ukuchelela izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ze-substrates, ngisho ne-peat eyomile kakhulu, eyasiza ukukhulisa izimbali zekhwalithi. Njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukuchelela njalo, ama-coconut fibers asetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile, lapho umoya nelanga kusheshe kume khona umhlabathi.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-substrate kusuka kuma-microorganisms we-pathogenic.
Ukwenyuswa kokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezingeni elingenasisekelo ngokusizwa kokusungulwa kwamagciwane ezincane kungumzila omusha ekutshalweni kwezitshalo kuma-substrate okufakelwayo, ngokwesibonelo, kwi-wool yamaminerali. Imfuneko edingekayo ye-mass floriculture ibilokhu ibhekwa njengobuningi obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, izifo ezithile ezimpandeni zivame ukuvela ngisho noma zonke izimo zezimbali ezikhulayo ziyabonakala. Isibonelo, i-Pythium ne-Phytoftora ifana kahle nezimo ze-hydroponics futhi zikhule ngokugcwele ezingxenyeni ezingenasisekelo. Ngokujwayelekile zivikelwe ngokucwiliswa kwemithi, inzalo, kodwa lokhu kusebenza kuphela njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela.
Ukunakekelwa okuningi namuhla kunakhokhelwa kwi-microflora ekhethekile, okuvimbela ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic. Ezitolo ezikhethekile ungathenga noma uhlele izidakamizwa ezilwa nezifo eziningi zezitshalo. Futhi inhlanganisela yezincane ezincane eziphumelelayo kunempumelelo kakhulu kunokusebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa. Futhi kubalulekile ukucabangela indlela yokwethula izidakamizwa zokuvimbela. Uma i-pathogen ingena ngesitshalo ngesisombululo somsoco, akusizi ngalutho ukwenza amalungiselelo nge microflora ewusizo ebusweni be-substrate. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi i-substrate oyisebenzisayo ngezimbali ekhaya, udinga ukuba nolwazi olwengeziwe, ufunde izincwadi ezikhethekile, futhi uxoxe nabalimi bembali abanolwazi ukuze bakhule izimbali ezinempilo enempilo.