Izimpawu zokungaboni
E-cataracts, ukuhamba kwemisebe elula ngaphakathi kweso kuyiphutha. Izinkinga ezincane zingase zingabangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Amakhulu amakhulu angaba yimbangela yalezi zinguquko ezilandelayo: ukwehla kwezinto ezibonakalayo ("inkungu emehlo") - kwephula izenzo ezijwayelekile, njengokufunda noma ukushayela imoto; Umbono uvame ukukhanya kakhulu, nokude nokuphakathi; amabala - angabonwa endaweni ehleliwe emkhakheni wokubuka; I-diplopia (umbono ophindwe kabili) ingabonwa kuphela ngeso elilodwa futhi iphikelele lapho iso lesibini livaliwe; i-halos ye-glaucomatous - izindandatho ze-orange ezibonwa yisiguli ezizungeze imithombo ekhanyayo noma yiziphi izinto ezikhanyayo, konke okuzungezile kunomhlobiso okhanyayo we-orange; Ukufunda lula - iziguli ezadinga izibuko zokufunda, ngezinye izikhathi ungasisebenzisi. Izinguquko ezihlobene ne-Cataract ekubunjweni kwe-lens zandisa imyopia.
Izimbangela
I-lens clouding ingaba: izinqubo ezihlobene nobudala - izinqubo zokuguqulwa zithuthuka ku-lens; ukubeletha - ngenxa yokutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, njenge-rubella, noma izifo ezibangelwa yi-galactosemia, ezihambisana nezinga eliphezulu le-galactose egazini; ifa - eminye imindeni kunesimo sezinto eziphathekayo ekuthuthukiseni i-cataract esemncane; okudabukisayo - ngenxa yezinxephezelo zeso, amaqabunga angenayo wezingilazi zezingilazi noma izingcezu zensimbi, noma imisebenzi yangaphambili yamehlo; ukuvuvukala - iziguli ezine-iris ezingapheli zeso (iritom) ziyingozi enkulu; obangelwa isifo sikashukela - ngezinga eliphakeme likashukela egazini, i-lens ingonakaliswa; ukushiswa kwemisebe - ukukhanya kwelanga isikhathi eside noma imisebe ye-ionizing; okubangelwa yi-corticosteroids - ukusebenzisa isikhathi eside izidakamizwa zaleli qembu kungabangela ukonakala; ezihlobene nezifo zesikhumba, njenge-dermatitis ye-atypical. Abashukela abayisifo sikashukela abasebenzisa i-insulin nabo bangabhekana ne-cataracts ngenxa yokungondleki kahle kwe-lens iso.
Ukuhlonza
Ukuxilongwa kwe-cataract kwenziwa emva kokuhlolwa okuphelele kweso ukuze kukhishwe ezinye izifo, isibonelo i-glaucoma noma isifo se-retinal. Iziguli ezine-cataracts ziyakwazi ukukhombisa indawo yomthombo wokukhanya, abafundi babo bavame ukusabela ekukhanyeni. Ezimweni eziphambili, i-lens ingabonakala ibomvu noma imhlophe.
Ophthalmoscopy
Ukusebenzisa i-ophthalmoscope (ithuluzi elikhethekile lokuhlolisisa kwangaphakathi kweso), umuntu angaqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ukubhekwa komzimba. Uma i-ray yokukhanya idluliselwa phakathi komfundi ebangeni elilinganiselwa ku-60 cm, udonga olusemva lwamehlo luvame ukubukeka lubomvu (ngakho-ke "amehlo abomvu" abonakala kwezinye izithombe). I-Cataract ibonakala njengendawo emnyama.
I-cataract ye-Congenital
Zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, kanye nezingane eziphakathi kweminyaka engama-6 no-8 kufanele zihlolwe i-cataract nezinye izifo zamehlo. Ama-cataract congenital kufanele aphathwe ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila. Uma kungabikho ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kombono ovamile kungaphazanyiswa, ngisho noma isifo se-cataract esasemuva sususwa. I-ophthalmologists isebenzisa i-ophthalmoscope yokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kweso, ngosizo lwangakwazi ukuqinisekisa noma ukukhipha ukuxilongwa kwe-cataract. Ayikho yokwelapha ye-cataracts. Esikhathini sokuqala, izibuko ezimnyama zingavimbela ukucasuka kweso uma kuvezwe ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo. Ukukhanyisa okuhle okuvela phezulu nangemuva kungasiza ngokufunda.
Ukwelashwa kokusebenza
Umsebenzi wokukhipha izidakamizwa (ukukhishwa kwe-cataract) iphephile futhi isebenza kahle. Lena yinto ejwayelekile kakhulu ehleliwe asebekhulile. ERussia, izinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka-300 ze-cataract extractions zenziwa minyaka yonke. Phakathi kweziguli, kucatshangwa ukuthi i-cataract extraction inconywa kuphela ngesikhathi esiphezulu, ngokukhubazeka okukhulu okubukwayo. Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zokuhlinzeka zanamuhla, ukubambezeleka ekusebenzeni akudingeki. Ku-extracapsular cataract isizinda, i-central, ingxenye encane ye-lens (i-nucleus) ingahlanjululwa ngaphambi kokususwa yi-ultrasound. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, iziguli eziningi zibona ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu embonweni. Noma kunjalo, ukufunda kungadinga amaphuzu. Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, enezinsuku ezilodwa zokuhlala esibhedlela.
Amasu okuhlinza
Ukukhipha okungaphezulu kwe-extracapsular kusetshenziswa kakhulu. Esebenzisa inqubo ye-microsurgical, udokotela ususa i-lens ngokuchofoza okuncane kwe-capsule yakhe. I-Intracapsular extraction ihlanganisa ukususwa kwe-lens lonke kanye ne-capsule, ngokuvamile ngokusiza i-cryoprobe; le nqubo okwamanje isetshenziswa ngendlela elinganiselwe. Iziguli ngokuvamile zilulame ngokushesha. Kwamanye amacala, ukusetshenziswa kwamaconsi okulwa nokuvuvukala nokulwa negciwane okudingekayo emavikini ambalwa. Ngaphandle kwe-lens, iso libona kude, kodwa alikwazi ukugxila ezintweni eziseduze. Amalazi noma ukufakelwa kwelensi yokufakelwa kusiza ukulungisa umbono. Iilazi - ezidingekayo ngemuva kokusebenza, zandisa izinto eziseduze, kodwa zibuhlungu futhi zikhawulela umkhakha wokubuka; ukusetshenziswa kwe-implants ye-intraocular kugwema ukusebenzisa izibuko. Izimpande ze-intraocular - ukuthuthukiswa kwama-lens angama-intraocular (amalensi okufakelwa) kuye kwenziwa kusukela eMpini Yezwe Yesibili, lapho kutholakala ukuthi izingxenye ze-plexiglas ezinkampanini zendiza, zihlala ezweni, zingamlimazi, ngokungafani nezinye izidumbu ezingaphandle. Ama-lens amaningi asebenzayo asetshenzisiwe manje asethwe ku-capsule yamalensi engenalutho. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamalensi okufakelwa, kufaka phakathi i-polymethyl-methacrylate eqinile nama-silicone lens eziguquguqukayo, ezethulwa ngokucubungula okuncane. I-Cataract ivame ukukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ingabangela ubumpumputhe. Ngokuvimbela ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngaphakathi kweso, kuphazamisa ukuxilongwa kwezinye izifo zamehlo eziphilisa. Ukusebenza kuvuselela umbono ovamile uma kungabikho kwesifo somzimba. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okulungiswa nge-cataracts kunqunywa okwenziwe eceleni kwe-cornea (indawo ijikelezwe ngumbuthano). Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi isilonda siphulule ngaphandle kokugxila. Ngemuva kokufakelwa kwe-lens, ukuqina kwe-capsule ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala, okubangela ukuwohloka kombono okuqhubekayo. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kwama-laser kungadingeka. I-Cataract iyimbangela evamile yokukhubazeka kombono kubantu asebekhulile.