I-Biography ka-Anna Pavlova

Ukuphila kwakhe nomsebenzi waphefumulela futhi kwajabulisa abantu abaningi. Izinkulungwane zamantombazane amancane, ebheka u-Anna Pavlova waqala ukuphupha nge-ballet nasesiteji, ephupha okungenani ikhulu le-talent yakhe. Futhi izigidi zabantu, zibuka umdanso wakhe, zikhohlwe, imizuzu embalwa kuphela, ngezinkinga zabo kanye nokukhathazeka, zijabulela umusa, ubuhle nomusa we-ballerina enkulu. Ngenhlanhla, izingcezu zevidiyo zezenzo zakhe zisinde, futhi isizukulwane samanje singakwazi ukujoyina futhi siphathwe ngesipho esingavamile "se-ballet yaseRussia".
Nokho, ukuphila kwakhe kwakungelula futhi kulula. I-biography yakhe inezindawo eziningi ezimhlophe, kodwa into eyodwa ecacile: udumo lwakhe nodumo yiziphumo zokuphikelela, cishe umsebenzi onzima, insimbi yokuzimela nokuphikelela okungahleliwe.

Ingane nokuphupha
U-Anna Pavlova wazalwa ngoJanuwari 31, 1881 endaweni yaseSt. Petersburg emndenini wesosha nomsolwa wesifazane. Ubaba wakhe uMatvey Pavlov ushonele ngesikhathi intombazane eneminyaka emibili ubudala. Kodwa-ke, kunesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi uhlangane nomama wezinkanyezi ezizayo lapho esekhulelwe u-Anna. Kwakukhona amahemuhemu okuthi ubaba wangempela kaPavlova wayengumuntu owaziwayo ophikisayo u-Lazar Polyakov, owayengumama wakhe. Kodwa kakade akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa noma ukuphika lolu lwazi. Eshiywa yedwa nonina, uLyubov Fedorovna Polyakova, baqala ukuhlala eLigovo ngaseSt. Petersburg.

Umndeni wawuhlala kahle kakhulu, kepha umama wazama njalo ukujabulisa indodakazi yakhe ngezipho nezinjabulo ezilula ezinganeni. Ngakho, lapho intombazane eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, unina wamyisa eMaryinsky Theatre okokuqala. Ngalolo suku, umdlalo othi "Ubuhle bokulala" wawusesiteji. Esenzweni sesibili, abadlali abasha benza i-waltz enhle futhi umama wabuza u-Anya uma engathanda ukudansa ngendlela efanayo. Ngabe intombazane yayiphendula ngokujulile ukuthi cha, ifuna ukudansa, njengebhola le-ballerina elidlala i-Sleeping Beauty.

Kusukela ngalolo suku, i-prima yesikhathi esizayo ayizange icabange isiphetho esihlukile kuye, ngaphandle kokuthi singayichaza kanjani impilo yakhe ebhaleni. Wancenga unina ukuthi amthume esikoleni se-ballet. Kodwa-ke, le ntombazane yayingathathwa ngokushesha, ngoba yayingakafiki iminyaka eyishumi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iphupho lokuba i-ballerina alilahlekile, kodwa liqiniswa kuphela. Futhi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, u-Anya Pavlov wamukelwa esikoleni sase-Imperial Ballet.

Ukufunda esikoleni se-ballet
Isiyalo eSikoleni Sase-Imperial saseBallet sasifana nesimo sezindela. Kodwa-ke, bafundisa lapha ngokuphelele, yilapho inqubo ye-classical ballet yaseRussia igcinwa khona.

U-Anna Pavlova akazange ahlupheke ngesiyalo esiqinile kanye nomthetho wesikole, ngoba wayezimelele ngokuphelele izifundo futhi bonke bazinikela ezifundweni zokufunda nokubhala. Okunye okuningi kumcasula, njengoba kubonakala sengathi, ukungapheleli kwakhe kwendiza engokwenyama. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaleso sikhathi amantombazane e-athletic, ane-skeleton nemisipha enamandla enamandla, ayebhekwa njengelinganiso ye-ballerina, njengoba kwakulula ngabo ukwenza izinkomba ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi nama-pirouettes. U-Anna wayenomzimba omncane, omncane, onhle kakhulu, cishe "obala" ngakho-ke wayengacabangi njengomfundi othembisayo. Kodwa-ke, othisha bakhe bathatha isikhathi kuye ukuze babone ukuthi yini eyamenza avele phakathi kwabanye abadansi: i-plasticity emangalisayo nomusa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - ikhono lokucabangela futhi "ukuvuselela" imizwa nemizwelo yalezi heroines azenzile. "Ukuphefumula" kwakhe, ukwehluleka nokululaza kugcwalisa ukudansa ngobuhle obungavamile nemfihlakalo. Ngakho, "ukungabi" kwakhe sekuphenduke isithunzi esingenakuphikwa.

I-Mariinsky Theatre nempumelelo
Ngo-1899, u-Anna Pavlova waphumelela esikoleni se-ballet futhi wamukelwa ngokushesha eMaryinsky Theatre. Ekuqaleni wayenelisekile ngemisebenzi yesibili. Kodwa kancane kancane, ngenxa yesitayela sakhe esingavamile, sengokomzwelo nesokomoya, umlaleli waqala ukuyihlabelela phakathi kwamanye abaculi bezemidlalo. Waqala ukunikeza izindima ezibaluleke ngokwengeziwe, kuqala wenza ingxenye yesibili, bese esevele ehambele izindima zokuqala.

Ngo-1902, ukudansa kwakhe "eLa Bayadere" kuthinta bobabili ababukeli nabachwepheshe. Futhi ngo-1903 iPapvelova yabonakala kuqala esiteji seBolshoi Theatre. Kusukela kulo mzuzu uqala ukunqoba kwayo esigabeni saseRashiya. Kunezici ze "I-Nutcracker", "I-Humpbacked Horse", "Raymonda", "Giselle", lapho uPavlova enza khona amaqembu ahamba phambili.

Indima ekhethekile emsebenzini wakhe wokudansa yadlala ngumdlali wezincwadi zokudlala uMikhail Fokin. Ngenxa yobumbano babo bokudala, umdanso omangalisayo ongajwayelekile - ukukhiqizwa kwe "Swan" kumculo kaSaint-Saens. Umqondo walo msebenzi wamaminithi amabili wazalwa ngokuzenzekelayo, futhi umdanso ngokwawo wawuyi-improvisation ephelele. Kodwa wabulawa kangaka ngokuthinta inhliziyo, emangalisa futhi ehlaba umxhwele kangangokuthi wanqobe izinhliziyo zababukeli ngesikhathi esisodwa, kamuva wathola igama elithi "Dying Swan", kamuva eyaba inombolo yomqhele kanye nekhadi lokuvakashela lika-Anna Pavlova.

Umqambi uSaint-Saens ngokwakhe wavuma kamuva ukuthi ngaphambi kokubheka umdanso kaPavlova ngomculo wakhe, akazange asolise ukuthi umsebenti omuhle ayewuqedile.

Ukuvakasha kanye nesigcawu
Kusukela ngo-1909, ukuvakasha komhlaba ka-Anna Pavlova kuqala. Ukuthandwa komhlaba nokuqashelwa kwakhe kuletha ukukhiqizwa kwe "Izikhathi ZaseRussia" nguSergei Diaglev enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance. Kodwa-ke, ufisa inkululeko yokudala namaphupho okudala isigaba sakhe. Futhi ngo-1910 wasuka eMaryinsky Theatre futhi waqala ukuvakasha yedwa nge-ballet yakhe. I-geography yenkulumo yakhe ihlanganisa cishe umhlaba wonke: iYurophu, iMelika, i-Asia, eMpumalanga Ekude. Futhi nomaphi lapho aye khona, izilaleli zamamukela njengenkanyezi ekhanyayo emhlabeni wonke. UPavlova wanikeza imisebenzi eminingana ngosuku, ebeka zonke izingoma zakhe zibe yizici futhi engavumeli isihe impilo yakhe, ayenaye kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi yayingaqinile kakhulu. Ngenkathi engaphezu kwengu-20 yenkathi yokuvakasha okuhlala unomphela, wadlala imidlalo engaphezu kuka-8 000. Bathi lokho kwaphela unyaka kwakufanele agqoke amaphuzu ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.

U-Anna Pavlova noVictor Dendre
Ukuphila komuntu siqu ka-Anna Pavlova kwakufihliwe ngokwethembeka ekuboneni amehlo. I-ballerina yena ngokwakhe wathi umndeni wakhe yindawo yaseshashalazini kanye ne-ballet, ngakho-ke ukujabula okwesifazane okulula, njengendoda nezingane, akuzona yena. Kodwa-ke, nakuba engekho ngokomthetho ngemuva komyeni wakhe, indoda yenhliziyo yakhe yayihlala nayo njalo.

U-Victor Dendre ungumjiniyela waseRussia nomsomabhizinisi abanezimpande zaseFrance. Ukubambisana kwabo nePavlova kwakungelula, bahlukana, babuye baphenduka. Ngo-1910, uDendre waboshwa wabe esolwa ngokuchitha. U-Anna Pavlova wanikeza imali eningi ukuze asindise othandekayo wakhe. Bathi kwakungenxa yokuqoqa imali edingekayo yokukhululwa kwakhe, akazange azibekezele futhi wadlala ekuqedeni iminyaka engu-9-10 ngesonto, ehambela umhlaba.

UVictor Dendre waba nomthelela, ekhuluma ngolimi lwanamuhla, umkhiqizi u-Anna Pavlova. Ukuhlela ukuvakasha kwakhe, cindezela izinkomfa nezethulo zesithombe. Bathenga indlu eduze naseLondon, ngamachibi amakhulu futhi, eqinisweni, ama-swans amhlophe, ahlala khona no-Anna.

Kodwa kwakunguDendra owaqamba isimiso esimatasa futhi esithweswayo sokudlala kwabadlali be-ballet kanye nezinkambo, ezama ukukhipha konke okuvela kuye, hhayi ukuvimba u-Anna ngokwakhe, noma impilo yakhe. Mhlawumbe yilokho okwakudlala indima enkulu ekufeni kwakhe okungakafiki.

U-Anna Pavlova washona ngoJanuwari 23, 1931, e-pneumonia, engazange aphile ngesonto ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe kwamashumi amahlanu. Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha eNetherlands esitimeleni, lapho u-Anna ayehamba khona neqembu, kwaqhekeka. UPavlova washiya imoto endaweni encane ephethe isigqoko sezimvu esiphonswa phezu kwamahlombe akhe. Futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa wagula nge-pneumonia. Bathi lapho befa, amazwi akhe okugcina athi "Ngilethele izingubo zami ze-Swan" - ngisho nalapho efile, waqhubeka ecabanga nge-ballet.